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Experimental Simulation Study of the Dominant Enrichment Area of Terrestrial Organic Matter in the Shallow-Delta Sedimentary System of the Yacheng Formation in the Qiongdongnan Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第5期96卷 1693-1703页

作者： XU Xinde YANG Xibing QU Tong GAO Gang LIANG Gang LI Xing cnooc China limited Zhanjiang BranchZhanjiangGuangdong 524057China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China’s University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China College of Geosciences China’s University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China cnooc China limited Hainan BranchHaikou 570312China

Shallow-delta sedimentary systems receive both terrestrial and marine organic matter. As oil and gas exploration activities determine that the source rocks of the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea, are generally rich in and even dominated by terrestrial organic matter, this has led many researchers to examine the rules governing terrestrial organic matter enrichment in shallow-delta sea sedimentary systems. However, the deep burial of source rocks in deep-water areas and the relatively small amount of drilling undertaken have greatly restricted the study of these rules. In this study, the ‘forward modeling' research method was used to observe and analyze the deposition and preservation of terrestrial organic matter through flume experiments, where the depositional results were carefully depicted and sampled. The total organic carbon content of selected samples was measured and when combined with qualitative observations and quantitative comparison results, the dominant enrichment areas of terrestrial organic matter were identified. The experimental results show that the overbank parts of the delta front, the dune countercurrent surface, the low-lying parts, the delta front slope area and the shallow-prodelta sea area are where terrestrial organic matter is predominantly enriched. This provides an important basis and guidance for the prediction of the development areas of marine source rocks with terrestrial input in the deep-water areas of the Qiongdongnan Basin.

关键词： shallow-delta sea sedimentary system deep water area terrestrial organic matter flume experiment enrichment area Qiongdongnan Basin

Vertical migration through faults and hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in deepwater areas of the Qiongdongnan Basin

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第12期33卷 96-106页

作者： WANG Zhenfeng LIU Zhen CAO Shang SUN Zhipeng ZUO Qianmei WANG Yahui HE Weijun zhanjiang branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (cnooc) limited Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum

In the Qiongdongnan Basin, faults are well *** on the drilling results, the traps controlled two or more faults are oil-rich. However, when only one fault cut through the sand body, there is no sign for hy-drocarbon accumulation in the sandstone. In terms of this phenomenon, the principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace is proposed, i.e., when the single fault activates, because of the incompressibility of pore water, the resistance of pore and the direction of buoyancy, it is impossible for hydrocarbon to ac-cumulate in sandstone. But when there are two or more faults, one of the faults acts as the spillway so the hydrocarbon could fill in the pore of sandstone through other faults. In total five gas bearing structures and four failure traps are considered, as examples to demonstrate our findings. According to this theory, it is well-advised that south steep slope zone of Baodao-Changchang Depression, south gentle slope zone of Lingshui Depression, north steep slope zone of Lingshui Depression, and north steep slope zone of Baodao Depression are the most favorable step-fault zones, which are the main exploration direction in next stage.

关键词： principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace gas bearing structures step-fault zone Qiongdongnan Basin

Better use of experience from other reservoirs for accurate production forecasting by learn-to-learn method

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 716-728页

作者： Hao-Chen Wang Kai Zhang Nancy Chen Wen-Sheng Zhou Chen Liu Ji-Fu Wang Li-Ming Zhang Zhi-Gang Yu Shi-Ti Cui Mei-Chun Yang China University of Petroleum(East China) 66 Changjiang West RoadQingdao West Coast New AreaQingdao266580ShandongChina University of Calgary 2500 University Dr NWCalgaryT2N 1N4AlbertaCanada Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao266071ShandongChina State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploitation Beijing100028China cnooc Research Institute Ltd. Beijing100028China CNPC Tarim Oilfield branch company Korla841000XinjiangChina National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil and Gas Fields Xi'an710000ShaanxiChina Sinopec Matrix Co. LTDQingdao266000ShandongChina

To assess whether a development strategy will be profitable enough,production forecasting is a crucial and difficult step in the *** development history of other reservoirs in the same class tends to be studied to make predictions ***,the permeability field,well patterns,and development regime must all be similar for two reservoirs to be considered in the same *** results in very few available experiences from other reservoirs even though there is a lot of historical information on numerous reservoirs because it is difficult to find such similar *** paper proposes a learn-to-learn method,which can better utilize a vast amount of historical data from various ***,the proposed method first learns how to learn samples before directly learning rules in ***,by utilizing gradients from networks with independent parameters and copied structure in each class of reservoirs,the proposed network obtains the optimal shared initial parameters which are regarded as transferable information across different *** on that,the network is able to predict future production indices for the target reservoir by only training with very limited samples collected from reservoirs in the same *** cases further demonstrate its superiority in accuracy to other widely-used network methods.

关键词： Production forecasting Multiple patterns Few-shot learning Transfer learning

Managed Pressure Drilling Technology:A Research on the Formation Adaptability

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第6期18卷 1865-1875页

作者： Chenglong Wang Hexing Liu Yaya Liu Xi Xia Fan Xiao Ningyu Zheng zhanjiang branch CNOOC(China)Co.Zhanjiang524057China zhanjiang Engineering Technology branch CNOOC Energy Development Co.Zhanjiang524057China China University of Petroleum(East China) Qingdao266555China

Existing pressure drilling technologies are based on different principles and display distinct characteristics in terms of control pressure and degree of formation *** the present study,the constant-bottomhole-pressure(CBHP)and controlled-mud-level(CML)dual gradient drilling methods are *** for the equivalent circulating density(ECD)are introduced for both drilling methods,taking into account the control pressure parameters(wellhead back pressure,displacement,mud level,etc.)and the relationship between the equivalent circulating density curve in the wellbore and two different types of pressure profiles in deep-water *** findings suggest that the main pressure control parameter for CBHP drilling is the wellhead back pressure,while for CML dual gradient drilling,it is the mud *** examples are considered(wells S1 and B2).For S1,CML dual gradient drilling only needs to adjust the ECD curve once to drill down to the target layer without *** comparison,CBHP drilling requires multiple adjustments to reach the target well depth avoiding a kick *** well B2,the CBHP method can drill down to the desired zone or even deeper after a single adjustment of the ECD *** contrast,CML dual-gradient drilling requires multiple adjustments to reach the target well depth(otherwise there is a risk of lost circulation).Therefore,CML dual-gradient drilling should be considered as a better choice for well S1,while CBHP drilling is more suitable for well B2.

关键词： Deep-water drilling MPD technology ECD formation adaptability narrow pressure profile

Evaluation of abundant hydrocarbon-generation depressions in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第2期35卷 137-144页

作者： LIU Zhen SUN Zhipeng WANG Zisong ZHANG Wei LI Tingan HE Weijun LI Fengxia CAO Shang LIU Jingjing LIN Lu Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China zhanjiang branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (cnooc) limited Zhanjiang 524057 China Petro China Jidong Oilfield company Tangshan 063000 China Research Institute of Yanchang Petroleum Group Xi'an 710075 China Shenzhen branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (cnooc) limited Guangzhou 510240 China

It has been confirmed that the key source rocks of Qiongdongnan Basin are associated with the Yacheng Formation, which was deposited in a transitional marine-continental environment. Because the distribution and evolution patterns of the source rocks in the major depressions are different, it is important to determine the most abundant hydrocarbon-generation depressions in terms of exploration effectiveness. Based on an analysis of organic matter characteristics of the source rocks, in combination with drilling data and seismic data, this paper establishes a model to evaluate the hydrocarbon-generation depressions in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin. First of all, by using the method of seismic-facies model analysis, the distribution of sedimentary facies was determined. Then, the sedimentary facies were correlated with the organic facies, and the distribution of organic facies was predicted. Meanwhile, the thickness of source rocks for all the depressions was calculated on the basis of a quantitative analysis of seismic velocity and lithology. The relationship between mudstone porosity and vitrinite reflectance（Ro） was used to predict the maturity of source rocks. Second, using the parameters such as thickness and maturity of source rocks, the quantity and intensity of gas generation for Yacheng and Lingshui Formations were calculated. Finally, in combination with the identified hydrocarbon resources, the quantity and intensity of gas generation were used as a guide to establish an evaluation standard for hydrocarbon-generation depressions, which was optimized for the main depressions in the Central Depression Belt. It is proposed that Lingshui, Ledong, Baodao and Changchang Depressions are the most abundant hydrocarbon depressions, whilst Songnan and Beijiao Depressions are rich hydrocarbon depressions. Such an evaluation procedure is beneficial to the next stage of exploration in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin.

关键词： comprehensive evaluation hydrocarbon-generation depressions source rocks deepwater area Qiongdongnan Basin

Geochemical characteristics and their significances of rare-earth elements in deep-water well core at the Lingnan Low Uplift Area of the Qiongdongnan Basin

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第12期33卷 81-95页

作者： SUN Zhipeng ZHAI Shikui XIU Chun LIU Xinyu ZONG Tong LUO Wei LIU Xiaofeng CHEN Kui LI Na zhanjiang branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (cnooc) limited Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Technology of Ministry of Education Ocean University of China

A geochemical analysis of rare-earth elements （REEs） in 97 samples collected from the core of deep-water Well LS-A located at the Lingnan Low Uplift Area of the Qiongdongnan Basin is conducted, with the pur-pose of revealing the changes of sedimentary source and environment in the study region since Oligocene and evaluating the response of geochemical characteristics of REEs to the tectonic evolution. In the core samples, both∑REE and∑LREE （LREE is short for light-group REEs） fluctuate in a relatively wide range, while∑HREE （HREE is short for heavy-group REEs） maintains a relatively stable level. With the stratigraphic chronology becoming newer, both∑REE and∑LREE show a gradually rising trend overall. The∑REE of the core is relatively high from the bottom of Yacheng Formation （at a well depth of 4 207 m） to the top of Ledong Formation, and the REEs show partitioning characteristics of the enrichment of LREE, the stable content of HREE, and the negative anomaly of Eu to varying degrees. Overall the geochemical characteristics of REEs are relatively approximate to those of China＇s neritic sediments and loess, with significant ＂continental ori-entation＂. The∑REE of the core is relatively low in the lower part of Yacheng Formation （at a well depth of 4 207-4 330 m）, as shown by the REEs partitioning characteristics of the depletion of LREE, the relative enrich-ment of HREE, and the positive anomaly of Eu; the geochemical characteristics of REEs are approximate to those of oceanic crust and basalt overall, indicating that the provenance is primarily composed of volcanic eruption matters. As shown by the analyses based on sequence stratigraphy and mineralogy, the provenance in study region in the early Oligocene mainly resulted from the volcanic materials of the peripheral uplift ar-eas; the continental margin materials from the north contributed only insignificantly; the provenance devel-oped to a certain extent in the late Oligocene. Since the Miocene, the provenance ha

关键词： Qiongdongnan Basin deep-water well core rare-earth elements sedimentary source andenvironment response to tectonic movement

Analysis of the Microstructure of a Failed Cement Sheath Subjected to Complex Temperature and Pressure Conditions

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第2期19卷 399-406页

作者： Zhiqiang Wu Yi Wu Renjun Xie Jin Yang Shujie Liu Qiao Deng China University of Petroleum Beijing102249China cnooc Research Institute Beijing100027China zhanjiang branch CNOOC Energy Technology&Services LimitedZhanjiang524057China Yangtze University Wuhan430100China

One of the main obstacles hindering the exploitation of high-temperature and high-pressure oil and gas is the sealing integrity of the cement *** the microstructure of the cement sheath is therefore an important *** this study,the microstructure of the cement sheath is determined using a CT scanner under different temperature and pressure *** results suggest that the major cause of micro-cracks in the cement is the increase in the casing *** the micro-cracks accumulate to a certain extent,the overall structure of the cement sheath is weakened,resulting in gas channeling,which poses a direct threat to the safe production of oil and gas.A change in the casing temperature has a limited effect on the microstructure of the cement sheath.

关键词： Cement sheath microstructure experimental study mesh model CT scan

A New Method to Determine the Grid Directions in Reservoir Numerical Simulation

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International Journal of Geosciences 2018年第12期9卷 680-687页

作者： Ming Li Luyi Tong Xiaodong Peng Guiping Nie Yan Lu zhanjiang branch of cnooc limited Zhanjiang China Engineering Technology company of cnooc Energy Technology & Services limited Zhanjiang China

Grid direction selection and grid size design are two important elements that need to be considered in the grid direction design in reservoir numerical simulation. Reservoir engineers normally utilize geological data (such as the distribution of fractures, low permeability zones, faults and major stress) and simulation experiences to design the grid direction of simulation model qualitatively. The research of the paper indicates that the key to determine the grid direction is to determine the principal permeability direction. Under the circumstances of few static materials, a new grid direction determination method has been developed by using field data (well location map and inter-well permeability) on the bases of Darcy’s law and tensor analysis theory. The grid direction of WZ11-7 Oilfield simulation model has been determined using four production wells and two production zones (L1 and L3) in WZ11-7-2 well group, the results are in conformity with the geological studied major stress. Therefore, this method can give insights into the numerical simulation study.

关键词： Reservoir Numerical Simulation Grid Direction Black Oil Model Permeability Anisotropy Tensor Analysis

Difference in full-filled time and its controlling factors in the Central Canyon of the Qiongdongnan Basin

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第10期34卷 81-89页

作者： SHANG Zhilei XIE Xinong LI Xushen ZHANG Daojun HE Yunlong YANG Xing CUI Mingzhe Key Laboratory of Tectonics & Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences zhanjiang branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(cnooc) limited Hubei Shale Gas Development Co. Ltd. Bohai Oilfield Research Institute Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Limited

Based on the interpretation of high resolution 2D/3D seismic data, sedimentary filling characteristics and full- filled time of the Central Canyon in different segments in the Qiongdongnan Basin of northwestern South China Sea have been studied. The research results indicate that the initial formation age of the Central Canyon is traced back to 11.6 Ma （T40）, at which the canyon began to develop due to the scouring of turbidity currents from west to east. During the period of 11.6-8.2 Ma （T40-T31）, strong downcutting by gravity flow occurred, which led to the formation of the canyon. The canyon fillings began to form since 8.2 Ma （T31） and were dominated by turbidite deposits, which constituted of lateral migration and vertical superposition of turbidity channels during the time of 8.2-5.5 Ma. The interbeds of turbidity currents deposits and mass transport deposits （MTDs） were developed in the period of 5.5-3.8 Ma （T30-T28）. After then, the canyon fillings were primarily made up of large scale MTDs, interrupted by small scale turbidity channels and thin pelagic mudstones. The Central Canyon can be divided into three types according to the main controlling factors, geomorphology-controlled, fault-controlled and intrusion- modified canyons. Among them, the geomorphology-controlled canyon is developed at the Ledong, Lingshui, Songnan and western Baodao Depressions, situated in a confined basin center between the northern slope and the South Uplift Belt along the Central Depression Belt. The fault-controlled canyon is developed mainly along the deep-seated faults in the Changchang Depression and eastern Baodao Depression. Intrusion-modified canyon is only occurred in the Songnan Low Uplift, which is still mainly controlled by geomorphology, the intrusion just modified seabed morphology. The full-filled time of the Central Canyon differs from west to east, displaying a tendency of being successively late eastward. The geomorphology-controlled canyon was completely filled

关键词： South China Sea Qiongdongnan Basin Central Canyon sedimentary filling full-filled time