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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) Extracts Obtained by Classical and Ultrasound Extraction

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2009年第3期17卷 478-483页

作者： Ivana Stanisavljevi Sаa Stojievi Dragan Velikovi Vlada Veljkovi Miodrag Lazi Faculty of Technology University of Ni Chemical Industry Nevena A.D. Djordja Stamenkovia St. zdravlje-actavis Vlajkova 199

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Echinacea purpurea L. (Asteraceae) extracts obtained by classical and ultrasound solvent extraction were compared. The dry aerial part of plant was extracted by 70% etha-nol at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1︰10 (m/v) and 25°C. The extract obtained by classical solvent extraction contained 29% larger amounts of phenolic compounds and 20% higher content of flavonoids. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picril hydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging reached 93.6% and the values of EC50 were (34.16±0.65) μg·ml-1 and (65.48±1.12) μg·ml-1 for the extracts obtained by the classical and ultrasound extractions, respectively. The extracts, independent of the extraction technique applied, showed a considerable growth inhibition on Candida albicans and Saccharo-myces cerevisiae, while no growth inhibition zones were observed for Aspergillus niger. The diameters of inhibition zone observed for all the microorganisms were larger for extracts obtained by classical extraction than those by ul-trasound extraction.

关键词： antioxidant activity antimicrobial activity Echinaceapurpurea L. total phenols flavonoids extraction

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Laboratory Findings in Twins Suffering from Autism—Case Report

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Journal of Health Science 2019年第4期7卷 239-245页

作者： Slobodan Dunjic Jovana Pejic Emilija Filipovic Milos Maletic Petar Krakovic Dana Stojicic Milica Lojic Vida Subotic Center for Integrative Procedures and Supplements Belgrade 11070Serbia Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia Belgrade 11070Serbia zdravlje Pharm Brcko District 76100Bosnia and Herzegovina

Autism refers a wide range of conditions and the most prominent are challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech disturbances. By now, it is known that there is no one type of autism, but there are many of them which are caused by genetic factors and environmental influences. Sometimes autism is called autism spectrum disorders which reflect the wide variation in challenges and strengths possessed by each person with autism (e.g., gastrointestinal disorders, seizures, sleep disturbances, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, anxiety etc.). Around one third of all people with autism remain nonverbal and have an intellectual disability. This condition can be detected as early as 18 months, but the most obvious signs tend to appear between 2 and 3 years of age. Only early intervention in those patients can improve outcomes. There are no many articles published regarding laboratory findings in autism patients. By performing holistic approach in patient healing, we also face autistic children in everyday practice. In this paper we represented case of twins suffering from autism. We found that both of them had elevation of free triiodothyronine, oxytocin, osteocalcin, and basophils. We found that vitamin D level in both twins was lower than recommended. Further research in this field is necessary to reveal whether these findings are causal factors for autism or are an effect of the disease.

关键词： Autism osteocalcin thyroid gland vitamin D oxytocin

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