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N-P fertilization did not reduce AMF abundance or diversity but alter AMF composition in an alpine grassland infested by a root hemiparasitic plant

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Plant Diversity 2018年第3期40卷 117-126页

作者： Xuezhao Wang Xiaolin Sui Yanyan Liu Lei Xiang Ting Zhang Juanjuan Fu Airong Li Peizhi Yang Department of grassland science College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fertilization has been shown to have suppressive effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and root hemiparasites separately in numerous investigations, but its effects on AMF in the presence of root hemiparasites remain untested. In view of the contrasting nutritional effects of AMF and root hemiparasites on host plants, we tested the hypothesis that fertilization may not show strong suppressive effects on AMF when a plant community was infested by abundant hemiparasitic plants. Plants and soil samples were collected from experimental field plots in Bayanbulak grassland, where N and P fertilizers had been applied for three continuous years for control against a spreading root hemiparasite, Pedicularis kansuensis. Shoot and root biomass of each plant functional group were determined. Root AMF colonization levels, soil spore abundance, and extraradical hyphae length density were measured for three soil depths(0 e10 cm, 10 e20 cm, 20 e30 cm). Partial 18 S r RNA gene sequencing was used to detect AMF diversity and community composition. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between relative abundance of different AMF genera and environmental factors using Spearman's correlation method. In contrast to suppressive effects reported by many previous studies, fertilization showed no significant effects on AMF root colonization or AMF species diversity in the soil. Instead, a marked increase in soil spore abundance and extraradical hyphae length density were observed. However, fertilization altered relative abundance and AMF composition in the soil. Our results support the hypothesis that fertilization does not significantly influence the abundance and diversity of AMF in a plant community infested by P. kansuensis.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Fertilization Community structure Alpine grassland ecosystem Pedicularis

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Priority effects of forbs arriving early:the role of root interaction and asymmetric competition

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 53-65页

作者： Xiaohong Yan Xiliang Li Ke Jin Institute of grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Background The priority effect of plant arrival is a key driver of community assembly and ecosystem succession during the restoration of degraded plant communities. However, the significance of the arrival order of different plant functional groups and their interactions with community assemblies remains unclear. Using a phytotron experiment with three fully crossed factors, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of priority effects and their relationships with the biomass and biodiversity effects in mixed plant communities by manipulating the order of arrival of species, isolation of roots, and removal of specific *** The results showed that the strength and direction of priority effects were influenced by arrival order, root interactions, asymmetric competition among species, and their interactions. The identities of early and late-sown species also determined the magnitude of priority effects. The priority effects were stronger in grass-first(24.76%) and legume-first communities(24.48%) than in forb-first communities. The pot biomass of the different priority treatments was highest in grass-first(5.85 g), followed by legume-first(3.94 g) and forb-first(2.48 g). The order of arrival in the mixture significantly affected the net biodiversity effects(P < 0.001), which were driven by dominance effects. The community had lower overall biomass when forbs were sown first, whereas the species grown later had fewer costs with an increased overall net benefit for the resulting *** Our results emphasize that root interactions and asymmetric competition are vital determinants of order-specific priority effects in community assemblies. In addition, the importance of the priority effect of forbs sown first is related to community assembly, which may be a key determinant in successfully establishing a highly diverse community in the early stages of restoration. Species with weak competition should be considered in the early stage of community ass

关键词： Community assembly Order of arrival Overyielding Plant functional group Root isolation

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Linking plant spatial aggregation with reproductive traits and near-source seed dispersal: ecological adaptation to heavy grazing

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 489-498页

作者： Wenting Liu Shixian Sun Chunping Zhang Shijie Lv Quanmin Dong Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine grassland Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineQinghai UniversityXining 810016China Institute of grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHohhot 010010China College of science Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China

Aims Ecological strategies related to the adaptation of plants to environmental stress have long been studied by ecologists,but few studies have systematically revealed the ecological process of plant adaptation to herbivores as a *** In this study,Stipa breviflora,the dominant species in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia,was used to analyse its reproductive individual characteristics and seed traits as well as the soil seed bank and spatial patterns under heavy-grazing and no-grazing *** Findings The results showed that the number of reproductive branches positively affected the number of vegetative *** analysis of the soil seed bank showed that the density of *** seeds beneath reproductive *** individuals was significantly higher than that in bare *** seed density was also significantly negatively correlated with the seed characteristics and the soil seed bank in bare *** spatial distribution of *** was aggregated under heavy *** results suggest that under heavy grazing,reproductive activity plays a key role in resource *** breviflora evolved the ecological strategy of nearby diffusion by regulating the morphological characteristics of the seeds,which promotes a positive spatial correlation between the juvenile and adult populations at a small scale,thus leading to the formation of‘safe islands’.

关键词： ecological strategy grazing reproductive individual seed spatial pattern

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Potential use of garlic products in ruminant feeding:A review

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animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 343-355页

作者： He Ding Changjin Ao Xiaoqing Zhang Institute of grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHohhot 010010China Key Laboratory of animal Feed and Nutrition of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China

The addition of antibiotics as growth promoters to ruminant feed can result in bacterial resistance and antibiotic residues in ruminant ***,there is serious public concern regarding the presence of antibiotic residue in ruminant products and the consequent threat to human *** a result,the addition of plants and their products to ruminant feeds,as an alternative to antibiotics,has received much attention *** and its products are rich in organosulphur compounds,which have a variety of biological activities and have been widely used as natural additives in animal *** review presents recent knowledge on the addition of garlic products(powder,skin,oil,leaf and extracts)to the diets of *** this paper,garlic products are evaluated with respect to their chemical composition,bioactive compounds,and their impacts on the rumen ecosystem,antioxidant status,immune response,parasitic infection,growth performance and product quality of *** review provides valuable guidance and a theoretical basis for the development of garlic products as green,highly efficient and safe additives,with the aims of promoting ruminant growth and health,reducing methane emissions and improving ruminant product *** extracts have the potential to control parasite infections by decreasing the faecal egg *** powder,oil and allicin are able to reduce the methane emissions of *** compounds such as allicin,which is present in garlic products,have the potential to inhibit membrane lipid synthesis of the archaeal community,thus influencing the population of methanogenic archaea and resulting in a reduction in methane *** garlic products are also able to increase the average daily gain(garlic skin,water extract,and leaf)and the feed conversion ratio(garlic skin and leaf)of *** stalk silage fed to sheep has the potential to improve the nutritional value of mutton by increasing the

关键词： Garlic product Ruminant Methane emission Growth performance Product quality

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Kin recognition benefits clonal offspring performance of historically grazed Leymus chinensis:insights for grassland management

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 503-511页

作者： Zhen Zhang Xiliang Li Junjie Duan Juan Sun College of grassland science Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Key Laboratory of grassland Ecology and Restoration Institute of Grassland ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHohhot 010010China

Background:Individual plants can identify their neighbors and adjust their biomass investment to avoid competing with their relatives or jointly cope with external *** effects can improve their offspring adaptability under external ***,how grazing-induced maternal effects influence plant kin interactions remain ***:Clonal offspring of Leymus chinensis grown under multi-year grazing and non-grazing conditions were used for this study.A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of focal plants in the presence of kin and stranger neighbors,with the aim of analyzing the interaction between maternal effect and kin ***:Kin relatedness of neighboring plants affected the biomass production and allocation of focal plants,demonstrating the presence of kin recognition in ***,grazing-induced maternal effects significantly enhanced kin recognition in the ***,the presence of stranger neighbors significantly improved the growth potential of grazed ***,the total biomass of clonal offspring increased by 73.1%compared to the kin group,potentially buffering grazing-induced plant productivity ***:This study shows that historical grazing enhances kin recognition in ***,introducing multi-genotypic plants can increase the productivity of *** findings of this study enhance our understanding of intraspecific plant–plant interactions in clonal species and provide new insights into sustainable grassland management.

关键词： Clonal plant Intraspecific interaction Livestock grazing Maternal effects

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Modulation of protein expression in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root and leaf tissues by Fusarium proliferatum

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第11期16卷 2558-2572页

作者： CONG Li-li SUN Yan LONG Rui-cai KANG Jun-mei ZHANG Tie-jun LI Ming-na WANG Zhen YANG Qing-chuan Institute of animal sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Beijing 100193 P.R. China Institute of grassland science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China College of animal science and Technology Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 P.R. China

Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） is an important forage crop and is also a target of many fungal diseases including Fusarium spp. As of today, very little information is available about molecular mechanisms that contribute to pathogenesis and defense responses in alfalfa against Fusarium spp. and specifically against Fusarium proliferatum, the causal agent of alfalfa root rot. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to identify inducible proteins in alfalfa during a compatible interaction with F. proliferatum strain YQC-LI. Samples used for the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry were from roots and leaves of alfalfa cultivar AmeriGraze 401＋Z and WL656HQ. Plants were grown in hydroponic conditions and at 4 days post inoculation with YQC-LI. Our disease symptom assays indicated thatAmeriGraze 401＋Z was tolerant to YQC-L1 infection while WL656HQ was highly susceptible. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins found in the 2-DE was further characterized using the MASCOT MS/MS ion search software and associated databases to identify multiple proteins that might be involved in F. proliferatum resistance. A total of 66 and 27 differentially expressed proteins were found in the roots and leaves of the plants inoculated with YQC-L1, respectively. These identified proteins were placed in various categories including defense and stress response related metabolism, photosynthesis and protein synthesis. Thirteen identified proteins were validated for their expressions by quantitative reverse transcription （qRT）-PCR. Our results suggested that some of the identified proteins might play important roles in alfalfa resistance against Fusarium spp. These finding could facilitate further dissections of molecular mechanisms controlling root rot disease in alfalfa and potentially other legume crops.

关键词： alfalfa proteome 2-DE mass spectrometry Fusarium proliferatum

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Attribution of explanatory factors for change in soil organic carbon density in the native grasslands of Inner Mongolia,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第3期10卷 375-387页

作者： JIN Dongyan Phil J MURRAY XIN Xiaoping QIN Yifei CHEN Baorui QING Gele ZHANG Zhao YAN Ruirui Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Sustainable Soils and grassland Systems Rothamsted Research North Wyke Department of grassland Ecology and animal Husbandry Xilingol Vocational College

The variation in soil organic carbon density（SOCD） has been widely documented at various spatial and temporal scales. However, an accurate method for examining the attribution of explanatory factors for change in SOCD is still lacking. This study aims to attribute and quantify the key climatic factors, anthropogenic activities, and soil properties associated with SOCD change in the native grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China, by comparing data between the 1960s and the 2010s. In 2007 and 2011, we resampled 142 soil profiles which were originally sampled during 1963–1964 in the native grasslands of Inner Mongolia. SOCD was determined in A horizon（eluvial horizon） of the soil. We selected the explanatory factors based on a random forest method, and explored the relationships between SOCD change and each of the explanatory factors using a linear mixed model. Our results indicated that the change in SOCD varied from the east to the west of Inner Mongolia, and SOCD was 18% lower in the 2010s than in the 1960s. The lower SOCD in the 2010s may primarily be attributed to the increasing in mean annual water surface evaporation, which explained approximately 10% and 50% of the total variation and explainable variation in the change in SOCD, respectively. The sand content of the soil is also a significant explanatory factor for the decrease in SOCD, which explained about 4% and 21% of the total variation and explainable variation in the change in SOCD, respectively. Furthermore, the collection of quantitative information on grazing frequency and duration may also help to improve our understanding of the anthropogenic factors that govern the change in SOCD.

关键词： soil organic carbon climate change soil texture mixed linear model effect isolation native grasslands

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Cloning, bioinformatics and transcriptional analysis of caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase in switchgrass under abiotic stress

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第3期15卷 636-649页

作者： LIU Si-jia HUANG Yan-hua HE Chang-jiu FANG Cheng ZHANG Yun-wei Department of grassland science College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University/National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB) Key Laboratory of animal Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University

Genes encoding enzymes involved in the lignin biosynthesis through phenylpropanoid pathway were not only associated with the lignin content, but also related to the abiotic stress resistances. As far as the production of liquid biofuels and cultivation within the marginal land are concerned, switchgrass could be the better candidate to determine the relationship between lower lignin content and physiological function under stress. Caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase（CCoAOMT） is a key enzyme for the methylation reaction of lignin biosynthesis. For this purpose, we cloned a CCoAOMT gene from switchgrass and identified its expression patterns under abiotic stresses. The full-length CCoAOMT gene, designated PvCCoAOMT（Gen Bank accession no. KF041775）, was 1 005-bp in length, has an opening reading frame of 777 nucleotides encoding a 258-amino acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of PvCCoAOMT shared a high degree of similarity（up to 98%） with CCoAOMTs from Panicum virgatum allele（BAO20881）, Sorghum bicolor（XP002436550） and Zea mays（NP001131288）. Using quantitative real-time PCR（qRT-PCR）, the significant upregulation of PvCCoAOMT was observed in stem tissues at a later stage（24 h） after drought treatment, with the transcript level increasing 33-fold compared that of the controls. Moderate and insignificant inductions of PvCCoAOMT were also observed in both stems and leaves during the later stages after cold（48 h in stems, 12 h in leaves） and mechanical wounding（48 h in stems, 12 h in leaves） treatments, respectively. Our results showed the different expression patterns of PvCCoAOMT in drought, cold and mechanical wounding stresses. PvCCoAOMT can be highly induced by drought and cold stresses, which indicates that it may play a role in plant abiotic stress resistance, particularly in the regulation of drought and cold resistance.

关键词： Panicum virgatum phenylpropanoid drought resistance biofuel production real-time PCR

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Dynamic changes of rumen microbiota and serum metabolome revealed increases in meat quality and growth performances of sheep fed bio‑fermented rice straw

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1207-1226页

作者： Yin Yin Kyawt Min Aung Yao Xu Zhanying Sun Yaqi Zhou Weiyun Zhu Varijakshapanicker Padmakumar Zhankun Tan Yanfen Cheng Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology National Center for International Research on Animal Gut NutritionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of animal Nutrition University of Veterinary ScienceNay Pyi Taw 15013Myanmar International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi 00100Kenya College of animal science Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa 850000China State Key Laboratory of grassland Agro‑Ecosystems Center for Grassland MicrobiomeCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Background Providing high-quality roughage is crucial for improvement of ruminant production because it is an essential component of their *** previous study showed that feeding bio-fermented rice straw(BF)improved the feed intake and weight gain of ***,it remains unclear why feeding BF to sheep increased their feed intake and weight ***,the purposes of this research were to investigate how the rumen micro-biota and serum metabolome are dynamically changing after feeding BF,as well as how their changes influence the feed intake,digestibility,nutrient transport,meat quality and growth performances of *** growing Hu sheep were allocated into 3 groups:alfalfa hay fed group(AH:positive control),rice straw fed group(RS:negative control)and BF fed group(BF:treatment).Samples of rumen content,blood,rumen epithelium,muscle,feed offered and refusals were collected for the subsequent *** Feeding BF changed the microbial community and rumen fermentation,particularly increasing(P<0.05)relative abundance of Prevotella and propionate production,and decreasing(P<0.05)enteric methane *** histomorphology(height,width,area and thickness)of rumen papillae and gene expression for carbohydrate trans-port(MCT1),tight junction(claudin-1,claudin-4),and cell proliferation(CDK4,Cyclin A2,Cyclin E1)were improved(P<0.05)in sheep fed ***,serum metabolome was also dynamically changed,which led to up-regulating(P<0.05)the primary bile acid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid in sheep fed *** a result,the higher(P<0.05)feed intake,digestibility,growth rate,feed efficiency,meat quality and mono-unsaturated fatty acid concentration in muscle,and the lower(P<0.05)feed cost per kg of live weight were achieved by feeding *** Feeding BF improved the growth performances and meat quality of sheep and reduced their feed ***,bio-fermentation of rice straw could be an innovative way for improving rum

关键词： Bio-fermentation Growth rate Meat quality Metabolome Microbiota Rice straw

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Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 53-65页

作者： Conor Dennehy Peadar G. Lawlor Gillian E. Gardiner Yan Jiang Paul Cormican Matthew S. McCabe Xinmin Zhan Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and Informatics National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Teagasc Pig Development Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Fermoy Ireland Department of science Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland Teagasc animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Dunsany Meath Ireland

This study assessed the effects of reducing hydraulic retention times （HRTs） from 21 days to 10.5 days when anaerobically co-digesting pig manure and food waste. Continuously stirred tank reactors of 3.75 L working volume were operated in triplicate at 42℃. Digester HRT was progressively decreased from 21 to 15 days to 10.5 days, with an associated increase in organic loading rate （OLR） from 3.1 kg volatile solids （VS）·m^-***^-1 to 5.1 kg VS·m^***-1 to 7.25 kg VS.m^-3·day^-1. Reducing HRT from 21 days to 15 days caused a decrease in specific methane yields and VS removal rates. Operation at a HRT of 10.5 days initially resulted in the accumulation of isobutyric acid in each reactor. High throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this increase coincided with a shift in acidogenic bacterial populations, which most likely resulted in the increased isobutyric acid concentrations. This may in turn have caused the increase in relative abundance of Clocamonaceae bacteria, which syntrophically degrade non-acetate volatile fatty acids （VFAs） into H2 and CO2. This, along with the increase in abundance of other syntrophic VFA oxidizers, such as Spiorchatetes, suggests that VFA oxidation plays a role in digester operation at low HRTs. Reducing the HRT to below 21 days compromised the ability of the anaerobic digestion system to reduce enteric indicator organism counts below regulatory limits.

关键词： Biogas Sequencing Clocamonaeeae Spiorchatetes Isobutyrate Biosafety

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