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Cyber Security within Smart Cities:A Comprehensive Study and a Novel Intrusion Detection-Based Approach

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 393-441页

作者： Mehdi Houichi Faouzi Jaidi Adel Bouhoula University of Carthage Higher School of Communication of Tunis(Sup’Com)Innov’Com Lab\Digital Security Research LabTunis2083Tunisia National School of Engineers of Carthage University of CarthageTunis2035Tunisia Department of Next-Generation Computing College of Graduate StudiesArabian Gulf UniversityManama26671Kingdom of Bahrain

The expansion of smart cities,facilitated by digital communications,has resulted in an enhancement of the quality of life and satisfaction among *** Internet of Things(IoT)continually generates vast amounts of data,which is subsequently analyzed to offer services to *** growth and development of IoT have given rise to a new paradigm.A smart city possesses the ability to consistently monitor and utilize the physical environment,providing intelligent services such as energy,transportation,healthcare,and entertainment for both residents and *** on the security and privacy of smart cities is increasingly *** studies highlight the cybersecurity risks and the challenges faced by smart city infrastructure in handling and managing personal *** effectively uphold individuals’security and privacy,developers of smart cities must earn the trust of the *** this article,we delve into the realms of privacy and security within smart city *** comprehensive study commences by introducing architecture and various applications tailored to smart ***,concerns surrounding security and privacy within these applications are thoroughly explored *** that,we delve into several research endeavors dedicated to addressing security and privacy issues within smart city ***,we emphasize our methodology and present a case study illustrating privacy and security in smart city *** proposal consists of defining an Artificial Intelligence(AI)based framework that allows:Thoroughly documenting penetration attempts and cyberattacks;promptly detecting any deviations from security standards;monitoring malicious behaviors and accurately tracing their sources;and establishing strong controls to effectively repel and prevent such *** results using the Edge-IIoTset(Edge Industrial Internet of Things Security Evaluation Test)dataset demonstrated good *** were compared

关键词： Smart cities digital communications cybersecurity privacy intrusion detection

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MV-Honeypot:Security Threat Analysis by Deploying Avatar as a Honeypot in COTS Metaverse Platforms

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 655-669页

作者： Arpita Dinesh Sarang Mohsen Ali Alawami Ki-Woong Park SysCore lab.(Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone) Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea Division of Computer Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesYongin-si17035Republic of Korea Department of Information Security Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea

Nowadays,theuse of Avatars that are unique digital depictions has increased by users to access Metaverse—a virtual reality environment—through multiple devices and for various ***,the Avatar and Metaverse are being developed with a new theory,application,and design,necessitating the association of more personal data and devices of targeted users every *** Avatar and Metaverse technology explosion raises privacy and security concerns,leading to cyber ***-Honeypot,or Metaverse-Honeypot,as a commercial off-the-shelf solution that can counter these cyber attack-causing vulnerabilities,should be *** fill this gap,we study user’s engagements with Avatars in Metaverse,analyze possible security vulnerabilities,and create a model named Simplified Avatar Relationship Association with Non-linear Gradient(SARANG)that draws the full diagram of infrastructure components and data flow through accessing Metaverse in this *** also determine the most significant threat for each component’s cyberattacks that will affect user data and *** a result,the commercial off-the-shelf(COTS)of the MV-Honeypot must be established.

关键词： Avatar metaverse cybersecurity cloud computing internet of things artificial intelligence security analysis

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Model architecture level privacy leakage in neural networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 20-32页

作者： Yan LI Hongyang YAN Teng HUANG Zijie PAN Jiewei LAI Xiaoxue ZHANG Kongyang CHEN Jin LI Institute of Artificial Intelligent and Blockchain Guangzhou University Pazhou lab

Privacy leakage is one of the most critical issues in machine learning and has attracted growing interest for tasks such as demonstrating potential threats in model attacks and creating model *** recent years, numerous studies have revealed various privacy leakage risks(e.g., data reconstruction attack, membership inference attack, backdoor attack, and adversarial attack) and several targeted defense approaches(e.g., data denoising, differential privacy, and data encryption). However, existing solutions generally focus on model parameter levels to disclose(or repair) privacy threats during the model training and/or model interference process, which are rarely applied at the model architecture level. Thus, in this paper, we aim to exploit the potential privacy leakage at the model architecture level through a pioneer study on neural architecture search(NAS) paradigms which serves as a powerful tool to automate a neural network *** investigating the NAS procedure, we discover two attack threats in the model architecture level called the architectural dataset reconstruction attack and the architectural membership inference attack. Our theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation reveal that an attacker may leverage the output architecture of an ongoing NAS paradigm to reconstruct its original training set, or accurately infer the memberships of its training set simply from the model architecture. In this work, we also propose several defense approaches related to these model architecture attacks. We hope our work can highlight the need for greater attention to privacy protection in model architecture levels(e.g., NAS paradigms).

关键词： neural architecture search data reconstruction attack membership inference attack

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AI Fairness-From Machine Learning to Federated Learning

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1203-1215页

作者： Lalit Mohan Patnaik Wenfeng Wang Consciousness studies Program School of HumanitiesNational Institute of Advanced StudiesBangalore560012India Research Institute of Intelligent Engineering and Data Applications Shanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghai201418China Research Center of Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi830011China Applied Nonlinear Science lab Anand International College of EngineeringJaipur391320India London Institute of Technology The ASE-London CTI of SCOLondonCR26EQUK Sino-Indian Joint Research Center of AI and Robotics The IMT InstituteBhubaneswar752054India

This article reviews the theory of fairness in AI-frommachine learning to federated learning,where the constraints on precision AI fairness and perspective solutions are also *** a reliable and quantitative evaluation of AI fairness,many associated concepts have been proposed,formulated and ***,the inexplicability of machine learning systems makes it almost impossible to include all necessary details in the modelling stage to ensure *** privacy worries induce the data unfairness and hence,the biases in the datasets for evaluating AI fairness are *** imbalance between algorithms’utility and humanization has further reinforced *** for federated learning systems,these constraints on precision AI fairness still *** solution is to reconcile the federated learning processes and reduce biases and imbalances accordingly.

关键词： Formulation evaluation classification constraints imbalance biases

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A Graded Speed Control Method for Cyborg Rats Based on Electrical Stimulation of the Cuneiform Nucleus

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1334-1346页

作者： Hanyi Ling Le Han Nenggan Zheng Qiushi Academy for Advanced studies(QAAS) Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310007China The State Key lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310007China College of Biomedical Engineering&Instrument Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310007China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310007China CCAI by MOE and Zhejiang Provincial Government(ZJU) Hangzhou310007China

The precise movement speed regulation is a key factor to improve the control effect and efficiency of the cyborg ***,the current stimulation techniques cannot realize the graded control of the *** this study,we achieved the multi-level speed regulation of cyborg rats in the large open field and treadmill by specifically targeting the Cuneiform Nucleus(CnF)of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region(MLR).Detailed,we measured the influence of each stimulation parameter on the speed control process which included the real-time speed,accelerated speed,response time,and acceleration *** concluded that the pulse period and the pulse width were the main determinants influencing the accelerated speed of cyborg *** the amplitude of stimulation was found to affect the response time exhibited by the cyborg *** study provides valuable insights into the regulation of rat locomotion speed and highlights the potential for utilizing this approach in various experimental settings.

关键词： Cyborg rats Cuneiform nucleus Graded control Speed regulation

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Bismuth clusters pinned on TiO_(2) porous nanowires boosting charge transfer for CO_(2) photoreduction to CH_(4)

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1190-1198页

作者： Jiazhi Meng Kaiwen Wang Yang Wang Jiangping Ma Chaogang Ban Yajie Feng Bin Zhang Kai Zhou Liyong Gan Guang Han Danmei Yu Xiaoyuan Zhou College of Physics and Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary studies Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Beijing Key lab of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Analytical and Testing Center Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

Artificial photosynthesis in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))conversion into value-added chemicals attracts considerable attention but suffers from the low activity induced by sluggish separation of photogenerated carriers and the kinetic bottleneck-induced unsatisfied ***,we prepare a new-style Bi/TiO_(2) catalyst formed by pinning bismuth clusters on TiO_(2) nanowires through being confined by pores,which exhibits high activity and selectivity towards photocatalytic production of CH_(4) from CO_(2).Boosted charge transfer from TiO_(2) through Bi to the reactants is revealed via in situ X-ray photon spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence(PL).Further,in situ Fourier transform infrared results confirm that Bi/TiO_(2) not only overcomes the multi-electron kinetics challenge of CO_(2) to CH_(4) via boosting charge transfer,but also facilitates proton production and transfer as well as the intermediates*CHO and*CH_(3)O generation,ultimately achieving the tandem catalysis towards *** calculation also underlies that the more favorable reaction step from*CO to*CHO on Bi/TiO_(2) results in CH_(4) production with higher *** work brings new insights into rational design of photocatalysts with high performance and the formation mechanism of CO_(2) to CH_(4) for solar energy storage in future.

关键词： carbon dioxide(CO_(2))photoreduction charge transfer tandem catalysis methanation

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Orbital angular momentum conversion of acoustic vortex beams via planar lattice coupling

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 413-420页

作者： Qingbang Han Zhipeng Liu Cheng Yin Simeng Wu Yinlong Luo Zixin Yang Xiuyang Pang Yiqiu Wang Xuefen Kan Yuqiu Zhang Qiang Yu Jian Wu College of Information Science and Engineering Hohai UniversityChangzhou 213200China College of Advanced Interdisciplinary studies Nanhu Laser LaboratoryNational University ofDefense TechnologyChangsha 410073China School of Transportation Engineering Jiangsu Shipping CollegeNantong 226010China i-lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China

Orbital angular momentum(OAM)conversion is critical in understanding interactions between a structural sound field and a planar ***,we explore the evolution of a monochromatic acoustic vortex beam(AVB)that is scattered by a phononic crystal(PnC)or a correlated random *** phenomenon is ascribed to the enhanced orbit–orbit angular momentum coupling induced by the band *** modifying the coupling condition,accurate and continuous micromanipulation of AVBs can be achieved,including the transverse/lateral gravity shift,the dynamics of the phase singularities,and the spatial distribution of acoustic pressure,*** research provides insight to the inhomogeneous coupling of AVBs with both propagating Bloch waves and localized Anderson modes,and may facilitate development of novel OAM-based acoustic devices for active sound field manipulation.

关键词： acoustic vortex beam phononic crystal Anderson localization Imbert–Fedorov effect

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The Orthogonal Bases of Exponential Functions Based on Moran-Sierpinski Measures

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第7期40卷 1804-1824页

作者： Qi Rong DENG Xing Gang HE Ming Tian LI Yuan Ling YE School of Mathematics and Statistics Center for Applied Mathematics of Fujian Province&Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and Applications(Ministry of Education)Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350117P.R.China School of Mathematics and Statistics Key Lab NAA-MOE and Hubei Key Lab-Math.Sci.Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P.R.China School of Mathematical Sciences&South China Research Center for Applied Mathematics and Interdisciplinary studies South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631P.R.China

Let An∈M2(ℤ)be integral matrices such that the infinite convolution of Dirac measures with equal weightsμ{A_(n),n≥1}δA_(1)^(-1)D*δA_(1)^(-1)A_(2)^(-2)D*…is a probability measure with compact support,where D={(0,0)^(t),(1,0)^(t),(0,1)^(t)}is the Sierpinski *** prove that there exists a setΛ⊂ℝ2 such that the family{e2πi〈λ,x〉:λ∈Λ} is an orthonormal basis of L^(2)(μ{A_(n),n≥1})if and only if 1/3(1,-1)A_(n)∈Z^(2)for n≥2 under some metric conditions on A_(n).

关键词： Moran-Sierpinski measures orthonormal basis of exponential functions self-affine measures spectral measures

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Radiative heat transfer analysis of a concave porous fin under the local thermal non-equilibrium condition:application of the clique polynomial method and physics-informed neural networks

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第9期45卷 1613-1632页

作者： K.CHANDAN K.KARTHIK K.V.NAGARAJA B.C.PRASANNAKUMARA R.S.VARUN KUMAR T.MUHAMMAD Amrita School of Artificial Intelligence Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru 560035KarnatakaIndia Department of studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityDavangere 577002KarnatakaIndia Computational Science lab Amrita School of EngineeringAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru 560035KarnatakaIndia Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics School of Mathematical SciencesSunway UniversityPetaling Jaya 47500Malaysia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

The heat transfer through a concave permeable fin is analyzed by the local thermal non-equilibrium(LTNE)*** governing dimensional temperature equations for the solid and fluid phases of the porous extended surface are modeled,and then are nondimensionalized by suitable dimensionless ***,the obtained nondimensional equations are solved by the clique polynomial method(CPM).The effects of several dimensionless parameters on the fin's thermal profiles are shown by graphical ***,the current study implements deep neural structures to solve physics-governed coupled equations,and the best-suited hyperparameters are attained by comparison with various network *** results of the CPM and physicsinformed neural network(PINN)exhibit good agreement,signifying that both methods effectively solve the thermal modeling problem.

关键词： heat transfer fin porous fin local thermal non-equilibrium(LTNE)model physics-informed neural network(PINN)

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Precise control of page cache for containers

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第2期18卷 17-30页

作者： Kun WANG Song WU Shengbang LI Zhuo HUANG Hao FAN Chen YU Hai JIN National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabCluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Container-based virtualization isbecoming increasingly popular in cloud computing due to its efficiency and *** isolation is a fundamental property of *** works have indicated weak resource isolation could cause significant performance degradation for containerized applications and enhanced resource ***,current studies have almost not discussed the isolation problems of page cache which is a key resource for *** leverage memory cgroup to control page cache ***,existing policy introduces two major problems in a container-based ***,containers can utilize more memory than limited by their cgroup,effectively breaking memory ***,the Os kernel has to evict page cache to make space for newly-arrived memory requests,slowing down containerized *** paper performs an empirical study of these problems and demonstrates the performance impacts on containerized *** we propose pCache(precise control of page cache)to address the problems by dividing page cache into private and shared and controlling both kinds of page cache separately and *** do so,pCache leverages two new technologies:fair account(f-account)and evict on demand(EoD).F-account splits the shared page cache charging based on per-container share to prevent containers from using memory for free,enhancing memory *** EoD reduces unnecessary page cache evictions to avoid the performance *** evaluation results demonstrate that our system can effectively enhance memory isolation for containers and achieve substantial performance improvement over the original page cache management policy.

关键词： page cache memory cgroup container isolation cloud computing

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