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biosynthetic pathway of prescription cucurbitacin IIa and high-level production of key triterpenoid intermediates in engineered yeast and tobacco

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Plant Communications 2024年第6期5卷 154-172页

作者： Geng Chen Zhaokuan Guo Yanyu Shu Yan Zhao Lei Qiu Shaofeng Duan Yuan Lin Simei He Xiaobo Li Xiaolin Feng Guisheng Xiang Bo Nian Yina Wang Zhiyuan Li Chongkang Yang Yang Shi Yingchun Lu Guanze Liu Shengchao Yang Guanghui Zhang Bing Hao State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of bio-resources in Yunnan The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan ProvinceNational&Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation&Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest ChinaYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory KunmingYunnan 650106China

Cucurbitacin IIa is a triterpenoid isolated exclusively from Hemsleya plants and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that functions as the main ingredient of prescription Hemslecin capsules and tablets in *** biology provides new strategies for production of such valuable cucurbitacins at a large scale;however,the biosynthetic pathway of cucurbitacin IIa has been unknown,and the heterologous production of cucurbitacins in galactose medium has been expensive and low *** this study,we characterized the functions of genes encoding two squalene epoxidases(HcSE1-2),six oxidosqualene cyclases(HcOSC1-6),two CYP450s(HcCYP87D20 and HcCYP81Q59),and an acyltransferase(HcAT1)in cucurbitacin IIa biosynthesis by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana *** achieved high-level production of the key cucurbitacin precursor 11-carbonyl-20b-hydroxy-Cuol from glucose in yeast via modular engineering of the mevalonate pathway and optimization of P450 expression *** resulting yields of 46.41 mg/l 11-carbonyl-20b-hydroxy-Cuol and 126.47 mg/l total cucurbitacin triterpenoids in shake flasks are the highest yields yet reported from engineered ***,production of 11-carbonyl-20b-hydroxy-Cuol by transient gene expression in tobacco resulted in yields of 1.28 mg/g dry weight in *** work reveals the key genes involved in biosynthesis of prescription cucurbitacin IIa and demonstrates that engineered yeast cultivated with glucose can produce high yields of key triterpenoid *** describe a low-cost and highly efficient platform for rapid screening of candidate genes and high-yield production of pharmacological triterpenoids.

关键词： cucurbitacin IIa oxidosqualene cyclase OSC 11-carbonyl-20b-hydroxy-Cuol Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nicotiana benthamiana Hemsleya chinensis

Porous block copolymer films with self-adjustable optical transmittance and passive radiative cooling

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Nano research 2024年第9期17卷 8472-8478页

作者： Xue Meng Weiming Tang Shuyun Zhuo Jince Zhao Zixuan Ren Zhonghe Sun Hao Yan Tianyi Zhao Ziguang Zhao Mingjie Liu School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

As an energy-free cooling technique,radiative cooling has garnered significant attention in the field of energy ***,traditional radiative cooling films often possess static optical properties and their inherent opacity limits their applications in building such as ***,there exists a requirement for passive radiative cooling films endowed with adjustable *** we report the porous block copolymer films with self-adjustable optical transmittance and passive radiative *** a result,the film exhibited a high solar reflectance(0.3-2.5μm)of 96.9%and a high infrared emittance(8-13μm)of 97.9%.Outdoor experiments demonstrated that the film surface temperature was 6.6℃lower than ambient temperature,with a cooling power of 104.8 W·m^(-2).In addition,the film’s transmittance can be regulated by altering the polarity of the post-processing solvent,providing an effective approach for regulating indoor light intensity and thermal balance,thereby enhancing the applicability of radiative cooling.

关键词： passive radiative cooling block copolymer porous structure self-adjustable optical transmittance

Pressure-induced hydrogen-dominant high-temperature superconductors

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 14-16页

作者： Ho-kwang Mao Shanghai Advanced research in Physical Sciences Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced research

Recent studies of hydrogen-dominant（superhydride） materials have led to putative discoveries of near-room temperature superconductivity at high pressures. The idea started more than half-a-century ago as a by-product of the quest for metallic hydrogen for which a natural consequence of its very high Debye temperature and phonon frequency due to the very low mass of the hydrogen atoms would lead to a high superconducting critical temperature （Tc） in weak coupling Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer（BCS） expression.

关键词： HYDRIDE LANTHANUM

Diverse nucleotide substitutions in rice base editing mediated by novel TadA variants

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 104-112页

作者： Man Yu Yongjie Kuang Chenyang Wang Xuemei Wu Shaofang Li Dawei Zhang Wenxian Sun Xueping Zhou Bin Ren Huanbin Zhou State Key Laboratory for biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of Plant Pathology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guilin Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuilin 541399China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for bio-Resource and Eco-Environment College of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China State Key Laboratory of Vegetable biobreeding National Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijing Vegetable Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ScienceBeijing 100097China State Key Laboratory of Rice biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies(Hainan) Ministry of Agricultural and Rural AffairsSanya 572024China

CRISPR-mediated base editors have been widely used to correct defective alleles and create novel alleles by artificial evolution for the rapid genetic improvement of *** editing capabilities of base editors strictly rely on the performance of various nucleotide modification *** with the welldeveloped adenine base editors(ABEs),cytosine base editors(CBEs)and dual base editors suffer from unstable editing efficiency and patterns at different genomic loci in rice,significantly limiting their ***,we comprehensively examined the base editing activities of multiple evolved TadA8e variants in *** found that both TadA-CDd and TadA-E27R/N46L achieved more robust C-to-T editing than previously reported hyperactive hAID*D,and TadA-CDd outperformed TadA-E27R/N46L.A C-to-G base editor(CGBE)engineered with TadA-CDd and OsUNG performed highly efficient C-to-G editing in rice compared with that of *** addition,a dual base editor constructed with a single protein,TadDE,enabled simultaneous,highly efficient C-to-T and A-to-G editing in ***,our results demonstrate that TadA8e derivatives improve both CBEs and dual base editors in rice,providing a powerful way to induce diverse nucleotide substitutions for plant genome editing.

关键词： CRISPR TadA variants cytosine base editing dual base editor rice

Natural evidence of coronaviral 2′-O-methyltransferase activity affecting viral pathogenesis via improved substrate RNA binding

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2819-2834页

作者： Jikai Deng Shimin Yang Yingjian Li Xue Tan Jiejie Liu Yanying Yu Qiang Ding Chengpeng Fan Hongyun Wang Xianyin Chen Qianyun Liu Xiao Guo Feiyu Gong Li Zhou Yu Chen State Key Laboratory of Virology RNA InstituteCollege of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhanChina School of Medicine Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina School of Basic Medical Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina Animal bio-Safety Level Ⅲ Laboratory/Institute for Vaccine research Wuhan University School of MedicineWuhanChina

Previous studies through targeted mutagenesis of K-D-K-E motif have demonstrated that 2′-O-MTase activity is essential for efficient viral replication and immune ***,the K-D-K-E catalytic motif of 2′-O-MTase is highly conserved across numerous viruses,including flaviviruses,vaccinia viruses,coronaviruses,and extends even to ***,we observed a stronger 2′-O-MTase activity in SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV,despite the presence of a consistently active catalytic *** further identified critical residues(Leu-36,Asn-138 and Ile-153)which served as determinants of discrepancy in 2′-O-MTase activity between SARS-CoV-2 and *** residues significantly enhanced the RNA binding affinity of 2′-O-MTase and boosted its versatility toward RNA *** interest,a triple substitution(Leu^(36)→Ile^(36),Asn^(138)→His^(138),Ile^(153)→Leu^(153),from SARS-CoV-2 to SARS-CoV)within nsp16 resulted in a proportional reduction in viral 2′-O-methylation and impaired viral ***,it led to a significant upregulation of type I interferon(IFN-I)and proinflammatory cytokines both in vitro and vivo,relying on the cooperative sensing of melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5(MDA5)and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2(LGP2).In conclusion,our findings demonstrated that alterations in residues other than K-D-K-E of 2′-O-MTase may affect viral replication and subsequently influence *** changes in nsp16 residues is crucial as it may aid in identifying and assessing future alteration in viral pathogenicity resulting from natural mutations occurring in nsp16.

关键词： pathogenesis impaired alterations

Disentangling the relative contributions of variables determining the divergence of hoarding strategies of rodents

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 270-272页

作者： Bo Wang School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-Term scientific research Base DongzhiAnhui 247230China

Understanding the driving mechanism of the divergence of hoarding strategies of animals(i.e.,scatter-hoarding ***-hoarding)is crucial to understand the ecological and evolutionary implications of plant-animal *** et al.(2022)compiled a global-scale dataset from the published literature including 183 species of seed-hoarding rodents,and concluded that phylogenetic conservatism,functional traits,and environmental factors counted for the hoarding behavior divergence of rodents.A more thought-provoking question may be asked:Do these variables contribute equally or not to explain the divergence of hoarding strategies?Here,we re-analyzed Zhang et al's(2022)dataset using partial Ralk calculation(Ives 2019)to parse out the relative contri-lik butions of these variables.

关键词： hoarding strategies rodents

Differential roles of C-3 and C-6 phosphate monoesters in affecting potato starch properties

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 79-86页

作者： Li Ding Andreas Blennow Yuyue Zhong Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark Department of Sustainable and bio-inspired Materials Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany

The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphorylated maize starches with a similar range of amylose content(AC)as *** starch property results showed that a higher SPC is associated with lower turbidity,storage and loss modulus after storage,and water solubility,but higher swelling power(SP)and pasting *** findings suggested that SPC inhibited molecular rearrangement during storage and starch leaching during heating,and enhanced swelling and viscosities due to increased hydration and water uptake caused by the repulsion effect of phosphate groups and a less ordered crystalline *** SPC also resulted in lower resistant starch(RS)content in a native granular state but higher RS after *** correlations further indicated that SPC/C3P/C6P were positively correlated with peak(r^(2)=0.925,0.873 and 0.930,respectively),trough(r^(2)=0.994,0.968 and 0.988,respectively),and final viscosities(r^(2)=0.981,0.968 and 0.971,respectively).Notably,SPC,mainly C3P,exhibited a significantly positive correlation with SP(r^(2)=0.859)and setback viscosity(r^(2)=0.867),whereas SPC,mainly C6P,showed a weak positive correlation with RS after retrogradation(r^(2)=0.746).However,SPC had no significant correlations with water solubility,turbidity and rheology properties,which were more correlated with *** findings are helpful for the food industry to select potato starches with desired properties based on their contents of SPC,C3P,or C6P.

关键词： Starch phosphate monoesters C-3 phosphate monoesters C-6 phosphate monoesters Physicochemical properties In vitro digestibility

The in vitro digestion fates of diacylglycerol under different intestinal conditions:a potential lipid source for lipid indigestion patients

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 1079-1092页

作者： Qingqing Xu Weifei Wang Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse Qian Zou Menglei Yan Xuan Liu Dongming Lan Yonghua Wang School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Sericultural and Agri-Food research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510610China School of Chemical Sciences The University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019New Zealand Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent bio-manufacturing Co. Ltd.Foshan 528200China

The in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal(GI)tract of general population and lipid indigestion patients(with lower levels of bile salts or pancreatic lipase)were selected to investigate whether diacylglycerols(DAGs)are potential good lipid sources for these *** oil-based DAG(LD)and linseed oil(LT)were ***-based emulsion((83.74±1.23)%)had higher lipolysis degree than LT-based emulsion((74.47±1.16)%)when monitoring the GI tract of normal population as previously *** conditions seriously decreased the digestive degree of LT-based emulsion((40.23±2.48)%-(66.50±3.70)%)while showed less influence on LD-based emulsion((64.18±2.41)%-(81.85±3.45)%).As opposed to LT-based emulsion,LD-based emulsion exhibited preference for releasing unsaturated fatty acids(especially oleic acid andα-linolenic acid)due to their different glycerolipid ***-based emulsion showed potential for providing lipids and nutrients(including essential fatty acids)for lipid indigestion patients.

关键词： Diacylglycerol In vitro digestion Lipolysis level Cholestatic Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

H-hop independently submodular maximization problem with curvature

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High-Confidence Computing

High-Confidence Computing 2024年第3期4卷 75-81页

作者： Yang Lv Chenchen Wu Dachuan Xu Ruiqi Yang Beijing Institute for scientific and Engineering Computing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China College of Science Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300382China

The Connected Sensor Problem(CSP)presents a prevalent challenge in the realms of communication and Internet of Things(IoT)*** primary aim is to maximize the coverage of users while maintaining connectivity among K *** the challenge of managing a large user base alongside a finite number of candidate locations,this paper proposes an extension to the CSP:the h-hop independently submodular maximization problem characterized by curvatureα.We have developed an approximation algorithm that achieves a ratio of 1−e−α/(2h+3)α.The efficacy of this algorithm is demonstrated on the CSP,where it shows superior performance over existing algorithms,marked by an average enhancement of 8.4%.

关键词： Internet of things UAV communication Approximation algorithms