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Synthesis of boron nitride nanorod and its performance as a metalfree catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 120-132页

作者： Tanaz Ghanadi Gholamreza Moradi Alimorad Rashidi Catalyst Research center Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringRazi UniversityKermanshahIran Nanotechnology Research center Research Institute of Petroleum Industry(RIPI)TehranIran

In order to reduce the sulfur compounds in diesel fuel,boron nitride(BN)has been used as a novel metal efree catalyst in the present research.This nanocatalyst was synthesized via template-free approach followed by heating treatment at 900℃in nitrogen atmosphere that the characteristics of the sample were identified by the X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,atomic force microscopy,and N2 adsorptionedesorption isotherms.The results of structural and morphological analysis represented that BN has been successfully synthesized.The efficacy of the main operating parameters on the process was studied by using response surface methodology based on the BoxeBehnken design method.The prepared catalyst showed high efficiency in oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel with initial sulfur content of 8040 mg·kg^(-1)S.From statistical analysis,a significant quadratic model was obtained to predict the sulfur removal as a function of efficient parameters.The maximum efficiency of 72.4%was achieved under optimized conditions at oxidant/sulfur molar ratio of 10.2,temperature of 71℃,reaction time of 113 min,and catalyst dosage of 0.36 g.Also,the reusability of the BN was studied,and the result showed little reduction in activity of the catalyst after 10 times regeneration.Moreover,a plausible mechanism was proposed for oxidation of sulfur compounds on the surface of the catalyst.The present study shows that BN materials can be selected as promising metal-free catalysts for desulfurization process.

关键词： Desulfurization Boron nitride(BN)nanostructure Experimental design BoxeBehnken

Machine learning predicts atomistic structures of multielement solid surfaces for heterogeneous catalysts in variable environments

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 79-87页

作者： Huan Ma Yueyue Jiao Wenping Guo Xingchen Liu Yongwang Li Xiaodong Wen State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Energy center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co.Ltd.Beijing 101400China Beijing Advanced Innovation center for Materials Genome Engineering IndustryUniversity Cooperation Base between Beijing Information S&T University and Synfuels China Co.Ltd.Beijing 100101China

Solid surfaces usually reach thermodynamic equilibrium through particle exchange with their environment under reactive conditions.A prerequisite for understanding their functionalities is detailed knowledge of the surface composition and atomistic geometry under working conditions.Owing to the large number of possible Miller indices and terminations involved in multielement solids,extensive sampling of the compositional and conformational space needed for reliable surface energy estimation is beyond the scope of ab initio calculations.Here,we demonstrate,using the case of iron carbides in environments with varied carbon chemical potentials,that the stable surface composition and geometry of multielement solids under reactive conditions,which involve large compositional and conformational spaces,can be predicted at ab initio accuracy using an approach that combines the bond valence model,Gaussian process regression,and ab initio thermodynamics.Determining the atomistic structure of surfaces under working conditions paves the way toward identifying the true active sites of multielement catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis.

关键词： surfaces solids environments

Identification of overlay differentially expressed genes in both rats and goats with blast lung injury through comparative transcriptomics

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第1期27卷 34-41页

作者： Hong Wang Jun-Hong Gao Xiao-Lin Fan Qing Lu Liang Li Ning Ma Qi Wang Yu-Hao Zhang Xi'an Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Biological Effects Research Center for Toxicological and Biological EffectsInstitute for Hygiene of Ordnance IndustryXi'an710065China

Purpose:To identify the potential target genes of blast lung injury(BLI)for the diagnosis and treatment.Methods:This is an experimental study.The BLI models in rats and goats were established by conducting a fuel-air explosive power test in an unobstructed environment,which was subsequently validated through hematoxylin-eosin staining.Transcriptome sequencing was performed on lung tissues from both goats and rats.Differentially expressed genes were identified using the criteria ofq≤0.05 and|log2 fold change|≥1.Following that,enrichment analyses were conducted for gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways.The potential target genes were further confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Observations through microscopy unveiled the presence of reddish edema fluid,erythrocytes,and instances of focal or patchy bleeding within the alveolar cavity.Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified a total of 83 differentially expressed genes in both rats and goats.Notably,49 genes exhibited a consistent expression pattern,with 38 genes displaying up-regulation and 11 genes demonstrating down-regulation.Enrichment analysis highlighted the potential involvement of the interleukin-17 signaling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway in the underlying mechanism of BLI.Furthermore,the experimental findings in both goats and rats demonstrated a strong association between BLI and several key genes,including anterior gradient 2,ankyrin repeat domain 65,bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1,bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1,and keratin 4,which exhibited up-regulation.Conclusions:Anterior gradient 2,ankyrin repeat domain 65,bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1,bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1,and keratin 4 hold potential as target genes for the prognosis,diagnosis,and treatment of BL

关键词： Blast lung injury Transcriptomic Target genes Differentially expressed genes

Carbon dots-derived three-dimensional-ordered macroporous host with high penetrability and catalytic activity for LSBs under lean electrolyte

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2560-2573页

作者： Jiao-Zi Duan Hua-Yu Pei Quan Yang Xue Li Xin Ba Xue Yong Jun-Ling Guo Si-Yu Lu Green Catalysis center College of ChemistryZhengzhou University Country State center for International cooperation On Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University Hubei Institute of Quality Supervision Inspection Department of Chemistry University of Sheffield

The practical energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries（LSBs） is seriously limited by the high electrolyte-to-sulfur ratios（E/S）.The E/S can be reduced by employing hosts with easy-to-infiltrate structure that ensures the uniform distribution of a lean electrolyte and high catalytic activity that can suppress "shuttle effect" via accelerating the slow conversion of soluble poly sulfides to insoluble sulfides.Among the easy-to-infiltrate structures,the three-dimensional-ordered macroporous（3DOM）structure is easier to scale preparation and more suitable for the existing industrial processes.However,it is difficult to obtain the 3DOM with（1） high penetrability due to the high viscosity of frequently-used organic polymer precursors and（2） high catalytic activity due to the low confinement effect,meaning that uniformly dispersed small-sized catalytic materials are difficult to load on 3DOM.Herein,using carbon dots（CDs） with both organic and inorganic properties as a precursor and aggregation limiting agent,a 3DOM host with high penetrability and homodispersed Ni particles of small sizes（Ni-CDs-3DOM）was synthesized.In this host:（1） CDs precursor with suitable viscosity can improve the penetrability.（2） CDs can effectively inhibit the agglomeration of Ni particles.（3） Uniformly dispersed small-size Ni particles offer high-efficiency catalytic activity toward sulfur reactions.Consequently,the Ni-CDs-3DOM/sulfur cathode exhibits high sulfur utilization and stable cycling performance even under high sulfur loading(5.5 mg·cm-1) and low E/S(6.5 μl·mg-1).This work indicates the usefulness of CDs in constructing hosts for LSBs with high energy density.

关键词： Lithium–sulfur batteries Carbon dots Catalytic action Easy-to-infiltrate structure Lean electrolyte

Computational fluid dynamics modeling of rapid pyrolysis of solid waste magnesium nitrate hydrate under different injection methods

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期66卷 224-237页

作者： Wenchang Wu Kefan Yu Liang Zhao Hui Dong SEP Key Laboratory of Eco-industry School of MetallurgyNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Liaoning Engineering Research center of Energy Saving and Green Low Carbon Technology for Process industry Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

This study developed a numerical model to efficiently treat solid waste magnesium nitrate hydrate through multi-step chemical reactions.The model simulates two-phase flow,heat,and mass transfer processes in a pyrolysis furnace to improve the decomposition rate of magnesium nitrate.The performance of multi-nozzle and single-nozzle injection methods was evaluated,and the effects of primary and secondary nozzle flow ratios,velocity ratios,and secondary nozzle inclination angles on the decomposition rate were investigated.Results indicate that multi-nozzle injection has a higher conversion efficiency and decomposition rate than single-nozzle injection,with a 10.3%higher conversion rate under the design parameters.The decomposition rate is primarily dependent on the average residence time of particles,which can be increased by decreasing flow rate and velocity ratios and increasing the inclination angle of secondary nozzles.The optimal parameters are injection flow ratio of 40%,injection velocity ratio of 0.6,and secondary nozzle inclination of 30°,corresponding to a maximum decomposition rate of 99.33%.

关键词： Multi-nozzle Computational fluid dynamics Thermal decomposition reaction Pyrolysis furnace

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Inhibition of protein degradation increases the Bt protein concentration in Bt cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1897-1909页

作者： Yuting Liu Hanjia Li Yuan Chen Tambel Leila.I.M Zhenyu Liu Shujuan Wu Siqi Sun Xiang Zhang Dehua Chen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Agricultural Research cooperation Biotechnology and Biosafety Research CenterKhartoum 13314Sudan

Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton production is challenged by two main problems,i.e.,the low concentration of Bt protein at the boll setting stage and the lowest insect resistance in bolls among all the cotton plant’s organs.Therefore,increasing the Bt protein concentration at the boll stage,especially in bolls,has become the main goal for increasing insect resistance in cotton.In this study,two protein degradation inhibitors(ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid(EDTA)and leupeptin)were sprayed on the bolls,subtending leaves,and whole cotton plants at the peak flowering stage of two Bt cultivars(medium maturation Sikang 1(SK1))and early maturation Zhongmian 425(ZM425)in 2019 and 2020.The Bt protein content and protein degradation metabolism were assessed.The results showed that the Bt protein concentrations were enhanced by 21.3 to 38.8%and 25.0 to 38.6%in the treated bolls of SK1 and ZM425 respectively,while they were decreased in the subtending leaves of these treated bolls.In the treated leaves,the Bt protein concentrations increased by 7.6 to 23.5%and 11.2 to 14.9%in SK1 and ZM425,respectively.The combined application of EDTA and leupeptin to the whole cotton plant increased the Bt protein concentrations in both bolls and subtending leaves.The Bt protein concentrations in bolls were higher,increasing by 22.5 to 31.0%and 19.6 to 32.5%for SK1 and ZM425,respectively.The organs treated with EDTA or/and leupeptin showed reduced free amino acid contents,protease and peptidase activities and significant enhancements in soluble protein contents.These results indicated that inhibiting protein degradation could improve the protein content,thus increasing the Bt protein concentrations in the bolls or/and leaves of cotton plants.Therefore,the increase in the Bt protein concentration without yield reduction suggested that these two protein degradation inhibitors may be applicable for improving insect resistance in cotton production.

关键词： Bt cotton Bt protein inhibition of protein degradation protein degradation metabolism

Risk Constrained Self-scheduling of AA-CAES Facilities in Electricity and Heat Markets:A Distributionally Robust Optimization Approach

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1159-1167页

作者： Zhiao Li Laijun Chen Wei Wei Shengwei Mei Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China New Energy(Photovoltaic)industry Research center Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China IEEE

Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage(AA-CAES)has the advantages of large capacity,long service time,combined heat and power generation(CHP),and does not consume fossil fuels,making it a promising storage technology in a low-carbon society.An appropriate self-scheduling model can guarantee AA-CAES’s profit and attract investments.However,very few studies refer to the cogeneration ability of AA-CAES,which enables the possibility to trade in the electricity and heat markets at the same time.In this paper,we propose a multimarket self-scheduling model to make full use of heat produced in compressors.The volatile market price is modeled by a set of inexact distributions based on historical data through-divergence.Then,the self-scheduling model is cast as a robust risk constrained program by introducing Stackelberg game theory,and equivalently reformulated as a mixed-integer linear program(MILP).The numerical simulation results validate the proposed method and demonstrate that participating in multienergy markets increases overall profits.The impact of uncertainty parameters is also discussed in the sensibility analysis.

关键词： Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage(AA-CAES) conditional value at risk(CVaR) distributionally robust optimization(DRO) heat market self-scheduling Stackelberg game

Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides:anxiolytic and antidepressant activities,characteristics,and mechanisms

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1168-1185页

作者： Wenhui Li Yu Xi Junru Wang Yinxiao Zhang He Li Xinqi Liu Beijing Advanced Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food AdditivesNational Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation CenterBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic proportions.Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with traditional pharmaceuticals while delivering superior anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.This review summarizes current research on food-derived anxiolytic and antidepressant protein hydrolysates and peptides,and subsequently analyses their physicochemical characteristics and elaborates on their mechanisms.The aim of this work is to contribute to the in-depth study and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of related products to better serve patients with anxiety and depression.

关键词： Anxiolytic Antidepressant Peptides Protein hydrolysates Neurotransmitter

Optimizing high-coordination shell of Co-based single-atom catalysts for efficient ORR and zinc-air batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 306-314页

作者： Yugang Qi Qing Liang Kexin Song Xinyan Zhou Meiqi Liu Wenwen Li Fuxi Liu Zhou Jiang Xu Zou Zhongjun Chen Wei Zhang Weitao Zheng Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE School of Materials Science & Engineering Electron Microscopy Center and International Center of Future Science Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials Jilin University Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Atom-level modulation of the coordination environment for single-atom catalysts(SACs) is considered as an effective strategy for elevating the catalytic performance. For the MNxsite, breaking the symmetrical geometry and charge distribution by introducing relatively weak electronegative atoms into the first/second shell is an efficient way, but it remains challenging for elucidating the underlying mechanism of interaction. Herein, a practical strategy was reported to rationally design single cobalt atoms coordinated with both phosphorus and nitrogen atoms in a hierarchically porous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks. X-ray absorption spectrum reveals that atomically dispersed Co sites are coordinated with four N atoms in the first shell and varying numbers of P atoms in the second shell(denoted as Co-N/P-C).The prepared catalyst exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) activity as well as zinc-air battery performance. The introduction of P atoms in the Co-SACs weakens the interaction between Co and N,significantly promoting the adsorption process of *OOH, resulting in the acceleration of reaction kinetics and reduction of thermodynamic barrier, responsible for the increased intrinsic activity. Our discovery provides insights into an ultimate design of single-atom catalysts with adjustable electrocatalytic activities for efficient electrochemical energy conversion.

关键词： Electrocatalytic Oxygen reduction reaction Shell coordination optimization Single atom catalyst