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Uncovering the functional basis of mantids that resemble plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 215-216页

作者： Wei Zhang David JLohman State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Biology Department City College of New YorkCity University of New YorkNew York 10031 USA PhD Program in Biology City University of New YorkNew York 10016 USA Entomology Section National Museum of Natural HistoryManila 1000Philippines

Convergent evolution frequently causes one species to look like another to increase its ***“adaptive resemblance”takes many forms:edible species mimic noxious ones to avoid predation;camouflaged patterns allow an organism to blend into its environment;and being mistaken for an inedible object allows a prey species to masquerade as a twig or dead *** resemblance is relatively common in insects,which comprise around 60%of known species.

关键词： species functional mimic

Experiencing the Rich Depth and Vast Diversity of Chinese Civilization Through the Palace museum

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Qiu Shi 2024年第3期16卷 64-72页

作者： Wang Xudong Palace museum in Beijing

The Palace museum,located in Beijing and once known as the Forbidden city,is a vital repository for more than 5,ooo years of Chinese civilization and a focal point for the best of China's traditional *** stands as a product of the creative genius of ancient China's working people and a testament to the history of exchanges and integration between diverse *** museum's vast collection of artifacts provides a window into the essence of China's material and cultural history across the ages,enabling us to fully appreciate the profound heritage and diversity of Chinese civilization.

关键词： heritage exchanges creative

萤火虫(鞘翅目:萤科)两性交流中的闪光信号

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生态学报 2005年第6期25卷 1439-1444页

作者：付新华王俊刚 Ohba Nobuyoshi 雷朝亮华中农业大学昆虫资源研究所武汉430070 yokosuka city museum

对国内外萤火虫两性交流闪光信号的研究进行了综述,萤火虫发光器因种而异,多数发出黄绿色萤光,闪光信号的频率、光谱、强度及其时空分布的闪光模式包含着两性交流信息。萤火虫闪光交流系统有两种分类方法,其一是萤火虫具两个类型的闪光... 详细信息

对国内外萤火虫两性交流闪光信号的研究进行了综述,萤火虫发光器因种而异,多数发出黄绿色萤光,闪光信号的频率、光谱、强度及其时空分布的闪光模式包含着两性交流信息。萤火虫闪光交流系统有两种分类方法,其一是萤火虫具两个类型的闪光信号交流系统,及系统和系统,前者多在旧大陆,后者多在新大陆;其二是萤火虫具6个类型闪光信号交流系统,即HP,LL,LC,PR,CR和LB型,其中PR型与系统相对应,HP型与系统对应。萤火虫两性交流闪光信号常因时间和空间上的差异及外界物体的干扰使两性闪光交流的效率受到影响。萤火虫两性交流的闪光信号起源于鞘翅目的幼虫阶段,并起警戒天敌的作用,经过两性选择成为成虫两性交流的一种途径,进而成为新大陆的一些萤火虫间捕食猎物和逃避天敌的生存策略。

关键词：萤火虫两性交流闪光信号闪光交流系统进化

Prospective study of differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors by pattern-based classification of contrast-enhanced sonography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第39期12卷 6290-6298页

作者： Kazushi Numata Tetsuo Isozaki Manabu Morimoto Kazuya Sugimori Reiko Kunisaki Toshio Morizane Katsuaki Tanaka Gastroenterological Center Yokohama City University Medical Center Yokohama 232-0024 Japan Department of Medicine Kanagawa Dental College Yokosuka 238-0003 Japan

AIM: To prospectively evaluate the usefulness of a pattern-based classification of contrast-enhanced sonographic findings for differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors. METHODS: We evaluated the enhancement pattern of the contrast-enhanced sonography images in 586 patients with 586 hepatic lesions, consisting of 383 hepatocellular carcinomas, 89 metastases, and 114 hemangiomas. After injecting a galactose-palmitic acid contrast agent, lesions were scanned by contrast- enhanced harmonic gray-scale sonography in three phases: arterial, portal, and late. The enhancement patterns of the initial 303 lesions were classified retrospectively, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify enhancement patterns that allowed differentiation between hepatic tumors. We then used the pattern-based classification of enhancement we had retrospectively devised to prospectively diagnose 283 liver tumors. RESULTS: Seven enhancement patterns were found to be significant predictors of different hepatic tumors. The presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement both in the arterial and portal phase was the typical enhancement pattern for hepatocellular carcinoma, while the presence of peritumoral vessels in the arterial phase and ring enhancement or a perfusion defect in the portal phase was the typical enhancement pattern for metastases, and the presence of peripheral nodular enhancement both in the arterial and portal phase was the typical enhancement pattern forhemangioma. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of prospective diagnosis based on the combinations of enhancement patterns, respectively, were 93.2%, 96.2%, and 94.0% for hepatocellular carcinoma, 87.9%, 99.6%, and 98.2% for metastasis, and 95.6%, 94.1%, and 94.3% for hemangioma. CONCLUSION: The pattern-based classification of the contrast-enhanced sonographic findings is useful for differentiating among hepatic tumors.

关键词： Contrast-enhanced sonography Hepatocellular carcinoma Metastasis Hemangioma

Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroglossal Duct Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2015年第3期4卷 196-203页

作者： Ai Suzuki Kazumasa Suzuki Yoshiaki Mori Yoshifumi Fujita Takashi Hatano Nobuhiko Oridate Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yokosuka City Hospital Yokosuka Japan Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital Yokosuka Japan Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Yokohama City University School of Medicine Yokosuka Japan

Objective: To clarify the preoperative diagnostic rate and elucidate the morphological features of thyroglossal duct cancer through a literature search on cases reported in Japan. Methods: A search of a medical database (Japan Medical Abstracts Society) identified 40 studies on thyroglossal duct cancer in Japanese patients between 1976 and 2014. A total of 47 cases, including the present case, are summarized herein. Patient characteristics, preoperative diagnosis, and morphological features were reviewed and analyzed. Morphological features of the internal portions in the cystic lesions were classified using the previously reported yokosuka Kyosai Hospital criteria for ultrasonography findings of thyroid cystic tumors. Results: Preoperative diagnosis was described for 43 of the 47 cases. Malignancy was suspected in 18 (41.9%) of the 43 cases on the basis of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology (presence of suspected papillary carcinoma cells) and imaging studies (presence of calcifications), 12 and 6 cases, respectively. Preoperative FNA was performed in 24 cases with a correct diagnosis obtained in only 12 (50%) cases. Morphological features were evaluated by preoperative imaging studies and/or postoperative histopathology. We found 6 cases (15%) with solid lesions, 32 cases (80%) with cystic lesions containing a solid part, and 2 cases (5%) with solo cystic lesions, respectively. Calcification was observed in 28 (72.5%) cases. We further examined the internal morphology of 32 cases with cystic lesions according to the criteria for ultrasonography findings of thyroid cystic tumors described in Methods. Of the 32 cases, 25 (62.5%) and 7 (17.5%) were classified as “eccentric acute angle type (Ea)” and “multiseptate type (M)”, respectively. The boundary between the solid part and the cystic part was irregular in all 7 “M” cases. No “eccentric and blunt angle type (Eb)” or “concentric type (C)” lesions were observed. Conclusions: The preoperative diagnostic rate for t

关键词： Thyroglossal Duct Cancer Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Preoperative Diagnosis

Exploring ancestral phenotypes and evolutionary development of the mammalian middle ear based on Early Cretaceous Jehol mammals

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National Science Review 2021年第5期8卷 57-66页

作者： Fangyuan Mao Cunyu Liu Morgan Hill Chase Andrew K.Smith Jin Meng Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History Beipiao Pterosaur museum of China 5. Microscopy and Imaging Facility American Museum of Natural History Earth and Environmental Sciences Graduate CenterCity University of New York

We report a new Cretaceous multituberculate mammal with 3 D auditory bones preserved. Along with other fossil and extant mammals, the unequivocal auditory bones display features potentially representing ancestral phenotypes of the mammalian middle ear. These phenotypes show that the ectotympanic and the malleus-incus complex changed notably during their retreating from the dentary at various evolutionary stages and suggest convergent evolution of some features to extant mammals. In contrast, the incudomalleolar joint was conservative in having a braced hinge configuration, which narrows the morphological gap between the quadroarticular jaw joint of non-mammalian cynodonts and the incudomalleolar articulations of extant mammals. The saddle-shaped and abutting malleus-incus complexes in therians and monotremes, respectively, could have evolved from the braced hinge joint *** evolutionary changes recorded in the Mesozoic mammals are largely consistent with the middle ear morphogenesis during the ontogeny of extant mammals, supporting the relation between evolution and development.

关键词： Cretaceous Jehol Biota malleus-incus ectotympanic mammal evolution

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条背萤的形态和生物学研究

昆虫学报 2004年第3期47卷 372-378页

作者：付新华 Ohba Nobuyoshi 雷朝亮华中农业大学植物科技学院昆虫资源研究所武汉430070 yokosuka city museum Yokosuka238Japan

首次在中国大陆发现水栖萤火虫条背萤Luciolasubstriata。形态观察发现 ,条背萤成虫橙黄色 ,鞘翅末端灰黑色 ;发光器均为白色 ,雄虫发光器位于第 5、6腹节 ,位于第 5腹节的发光器呈带状 ,第 6腹节的发光器呈“V”字形 ;雌虫的发光器呈带... 详细信息

首次在中国大陆发现水栖萤火虫条背萤Luciolasubstriata。形态观察发现 ,条背萤成虫橙黄色 ,鞘翅末端灰黑色 ;发光器均为白色 ,雄虫发光器位于第 5、6腹节 ,位于第 5腹节的发光器呈带状 ,第 6腹节的发光器呈“V”字形 ;雌虫的发光器呈带状 ,位于第 5腹节 ;卵椭圆形 ,橙黄色。幼虫有两种形态 ,1～ 2龄具有 7对呼吸鳃 ,3～ 6龄幼虫无呼吸鳃。幼虫具有一对发光器 ,位于第 7腹节腹面 ;初蛹期仍保留幼虫形态的发光器 ,后呈现成虫的发光器 ,两种形态的发光器并存直至羽化。对条背萤生活史及习性调查发现 ,条背萤生活在水草较多的池塘、湖泊和流速缓慢的河流中。该虫 1年发生 1代 ,以幼虫在水中越冬 ,5月初老熟幼虫开始上岸化蛹。在 2 5℃下 ,条背萤预蛹期平均为 6 17天 ,蛹期平均为 4 4 3天。成虫 5月上旬至 9月中旬发生。日落后的 1h内是条背萤成虫闪光求偶的最盛期。卵期平均 12 5天。幼虫的猎物为静水椎实螺Lymnaeastagnalis,凸旋螺Gyraulusconwexiusculus等 ,天敌为克氏原螯虾Procambarusclarkii、中华绒毛蟹Eriocheirsinensis、草鱼Ctenopharyngodonidellus等。利用光谱仪对条背萤的发光光谱进行测定发现 ,条背萤的萤光光谱为 4 2 5～ 6 0 3nm ,峰值为 5 0 4nm 。

关键词：条背萤形态生物学水栖萤火虫闪光求偶节律萤光光谱

An analysis of Great Salt Lake Winogradsky columns

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第4期41卷 1352-1368页

作者： Sierra A.DE LEON Anna E.JACKSON William BLACK William THOMAS Matt KRUBACK June BAXTER Bonnie K.BAXTER Great Salt Lake Institute Westminster UniversitySalt Lake City 84105USA Department of Visual Arts Westminster UniversitySalt Lake City 84105USA Natural History museum of Utah University of UtahSalt Lake City 84112USA

Sergei Winogradsky illuminated revolutionary concepts and produced a tool to visualize complex microbial communities and their metabolisms over time:columns displaying aquatic consortia with variety of *** worked with museums in Utah to create Winogradsky columns that would highlight aesthetic properties of the Great Salt Lake(GSL)ecosystem,which has a salinity gradient from the freshwater wetlands to salt *** column,constructed using haloarchaea-rich hypersaline brine and oolitic sand of the lake’s north arm,was enriched with nutrients,and resulted in the desired pink hue over *** a seven-year maturation period,we examined the microbial taxa present in the water through 16 S/18 S rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS)gene sequencing.A pigment analysis revealed an abundance of bacteriochlorophyll *** presence of this pigment coupled with the DNA sequencing results,suggest that the haloarchaea that dominate the GSL brine,were not responsible for the pink coloration,but instead Gammaproteobacteria,especially Halorhodospira *** the eukaryotes,the lack of phytoplankton and the abundance of fungi were noteworthy *** data likely relate to the reduction of oxygen in a non-aerated sealed system over *** second exhibit had the goal of educating museum goers about the varying salinities of Great Salt *** we employed three distinct columns of water and sediment from this salinity *** of these columns overtime gave us information about invertebrate communities in addition to the microbial *** installations taught us about comparing an artificial environment in a museum setting to the natural *** together,we present the data collected and lessons learned from using Winogradsky columns in public spaces for teaching about an important saline lake.

关键词： Great Salt Lake Winogradsky halophiles extreme environment museum exhibit

Effectiveness of nature reserves for bird conservation in urban parks in Tokyo

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2011-2022页

作者： Kazuhiro Katoh Misako Matsuba The Open University of Japan Wakaba 2-11Mihama-kuChiba City 261-8586Japan Research Institute for Global Change Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyNatsushima-cho 2-15Yokosuka-CityKanagawa 237-0061Japan

In some urban parks in Tokyo,semi-natural habitat patches are maintained as nature reserves for birds,called bird *** censuses and vegetation surveys were conducted in eight urban parks in Tokyo from December 2015 to July 2016 to determine the effectiveness of bird sanctuaries on avian species *** relationship between avian species composition and environmental conditions was analyzed by partial redundancy analysis(partial RDA)using vegetation variables,number of visitors,presence or absence of reserves within the same park,area of wooded parts,and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)in the surrounding *** results of the partial RDA are as follows:(1)Area,lower vegetation cover,higher vegetation cover,tree species composition obtained from detrended correspondence analysis(DCA)on vegetation survey data,and NDVI in the surrounding area were considered as covariates and explained 17.4-33.6%of the total variation in bird species composition,(2)The presence or absence of sanctuary significantly explained bird species compositional variation regardless of season,indicating that the sanctuaries were beneficial for urban avoider species not only in the sanctuaries but also in the surrounding wooded area,and(3)Tree coverage within a 100 m range and leaf litter coverage also influenced avian species *** concluded that bird sanctuaries and other nature reserves can be beneficial to bird conservation,even within *** positive effect of sanctuaries could be due to the limited influence of human presence and the developed vegetation within *** reserves may play the role of core habitats within the studied urban parks.

关键词： Avian species composition Leaf litter Nature reserve Tree coverage Urban biodiversity Vegetation structure