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Current status and development of CMOS SiPM for scintillator-based radiation detectors toward all-digital sensors[Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 17-27页

作者： Nico.a D'Ascenzo 胡文韬劳慧华越轩张博房磊奚道明郑睿邱奥 Emanuele Antonecchia 凌怡清刘雨晴李琰俞航肖鹏谢庆国 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430074China Biomedical Engineering Department Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China RAYQUANT technology co. Ltd.Ezhou 436044China RAYSOLUTION Healthcare co. Ltd.Hefei 230000China RAYMEASURE technology co. Ltd.Suzhou 215000China RAYCAN technology co. Ltd.Suzhou 215000China co.lege of co.puter science and Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Modern scintillator-based radiation detectors require silico. photomultipliers(Si PMs)with photon detection efficiency higher than 40%at 420 nm,possibly extended to the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)region,single-photon time resolution(SPTR)co.nt rate(DCR)co.centrations at low CMOS scales,deep-level carrier generation in shallow trench isolation fabrication,and power co.sumption,among *** advances at 350 and 110 nm CMOS nodes are benchmarked against available Si PMs obtained in CMOS and co.mercial customized *** co.cept of digital multithreshold Si PMs with a single microcell readout is finally reported,proposing a possible direction toward fully digital scintillator-based radiation detectors.

关键词： silico. photomultiplier co.plementary metal-oxide semico.ductor digital SiPM

Scenarios analysis and performance assessment of blockchain integrated in 6G scenarios

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 5-26页

作者： Bo LI Guanjie CHENG Honghao GAO Xueqiang YAN Shuiguang DENG co.lege of co.puter science and technology Zhejiang University co.lege of co.puter science and technology Shanghai University 2012 Lab Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.

Emerging applications such as smart city infrastructures and virtual reality landscapes are setting rigorous benchmarks for 6G mobile networks, requiring elevated levels of co.fidentiality, integrity, nonrepudiation, authentication, and stringent access co.trols. Blockchain technology is heralded as a transformative enabler for meeting 6G standards, owing to its intrinsic attributes. However, a gap exists in the holistic investigation of blockchain's applicability in 6G realms, particularly addressing the “whether”, “when”, and“how” of its deployment. Present research trails in developing robust methodologies to gauge blockchain's efficacy within 6G use cases. Addressing this, our study introduces a novel co.fluence of blockchain with 6G networks, where data resides in distributed Hash tables(DHTs) while their hashes are secured in distributed ledger technology(DLT), harnessing blockchain's co.e strengths-immutability, traceability, and fortified security. We delineate seven specific 6G use cases poised for enhancement through blockchain integration,and scrutinize the rationale, nature, and timing of this co.vergence. Furthermore, we devise a co.prehensive methodology for assessing blockchain's performance metrics and scalability in 6G environments. Our extensive experimental analyses evaluate the synergistic performance of this integration, revealing that the Quorum blockchain satisfactorily supports 80% of 6G scenarios. The findings suggest that, with appropriate co.figurations, co.sortium blockchains are well-equipped to fulfill the demanding performance and scalability requisites of 6G networks.

关键词： blockchain distributed ledger technology (DLT) 6G performance assessment 6G scenarios analysis transaction arrival rate

Advanced rare earth tantalate RETaO_(4)(RE=Dy,Gd and Sm) with excellent oxygen/thermal barrier performance

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第8期42卷 1595-1603,I0007页

作者： Jun Wang Jianyu Li Chunyu Jiang Jianbo Song Xing Yang Xiaolong Ma Kailiang Luo Peng Wu Xiaoyu Chong Jing Feng Faculty of Material science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093China Shanxi Tianxuan co.ting technology co. LtdXi'an710000China

Thermal barrier co.tings(TBCs) materials with lowered the rmal and oxygen ion co.ductivity can provide thermal and oxidative protection for high te mperature hot-end co.ponents in aero nautical engines and gas turbines,The rare-earth tantalate RETaO_(4)(RE=Dy,Gd and Sm) ceramics with monoclinic(m) phase were successfully synthesized via spark plasma *** vacancies responsible for the thermal and oxygen ion co.ductivities of RETaO_(4) were demonstrated by atomic-resolution energy dispersive Xray and X-ray photoelectron *** the three samples,DyTaO_(4) has excellent oxygen/thermal barrier *** to the current service thermal barrier co.ting material ZrO_(2)-8 wt% Y_(2)O_(3)(8 YSZ),DyTaO_(4) has an ultra-low oxygen ion co.ductivity benefiting from low oxygen vacancy co.centration and strong stretching force *** intrinsic thermal co.ductivity of DyTaO_(4)is 68.2% less than that of 8 ***,the thermal expansion rate curves indicate that the phase transformation does not happen from room te mperature to 1200℃.The above results demonstrate that high-growth rate the rmally grown oxide can be retarded by creating dense DyTaO_(4) co.ting with lowered thermal and oxygen ion co.ductivity.

关键词： Thermal barrier co.tings Rare earths Oxygen vacancies Thermal co.ductivity Oxygen ion co.ductivity

OpBench: an operator-level GPU benchmark for deep learning

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 76-87页

作者： Qingwen GU Bo FAN Zhengning LIU Kaicheng CAO Songhai ZHANG Shimin HU Department of co.puter science and technology Tsinghua University National Innovation Institute of Defense technology Academy of Military Science Beijing Fitten technology co. Ltd.

Operators(such as co.v and ReLU) play an important role in deep neural networks. Every neural network is co.posed of a series of differentiable operators. However, existing AI benchmarks mainly focus on accessing model training and inference performance of deep learning systems on specific models. To help GPU hardware find co.puting bottlenecks and intuitively evaluate GPU performance on specific deep learning tasks, this paper focuses on evaluating GPU performance at the operator level. We statistically analyze the information of operators on 12 representative deep learning models from six prominent AI tasks and provide an operator dataset to show the different importance of various types of operators in different networks. An operator-level benchmark, OpBench, is proposed on the basis of this dataset, allowing users to choose from a given range of models and set the input sizes acco.ding to their demands. This benchmark offers a detailed operator-level performance report for AI and hardware developers. We also evaluate four GPU models on OpBench and find that their performances differ on various types of operators and are not fully co.sistent with the performance metric FLOPS(floating point operations per seco.d).

关键词： deep learning operator benchmark model benchmark GPU performance analysis deep neural networks

Warhead fragments motion trajectories tracking and spatio-temporal distribution reco.struction method based on high-speed stereo photography

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 162-172页

作者： Pengyu Hu Jiangpeng Wu Zhengang Yan Meng He Chao Liang Hao Bai Xi'an Modern co.trol technology Research Institute Xi'an710065China Xi'an OET science and technology co. LtdXi'an710076China

High speed photography technique is potentially the most effective way to measure the motion parameter of warhead fragment benefiting from its advantages of high accuracy,high resolution and high ***,it faces challenge in dense objects tracking and 3D trajectories reco.struction due to the characteristics of small size and dense distribution of fragment *** address these challenges,this work presents a warhead fragments motion trajectories tracking and spatio-temporal distribution reco.struction method based on high-speed stereo ***,background difference algorithm is utilized to extract the center and area of each fragment in the image ***,a multi-object tracking(MOT)algorithm using Kalman filtering and Hungarian optimal assignment is developed to realize real-time and robust trajectories tracking of fragment *** reco.struct 3D motion trajectories,a global stereo trajectories matching strategy is presented,which takes advantages of epipolar co.straint and co.tinuity co.straint to co.rectly retrieve stereo co.respondence followed by 3D trajectories refinement using polynomial ***,the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately track the motion trajectories and reco.struct the spatio-temporal distribution of 1.0×10^(3)fragments in a field of view(FOV)of 3.2 m×2.5 m,and the accuracy of the velocity estimation can achieve 98.6%.

关键词： Warhead fragment measurement High speed photography Stereo vision Multi-object tracking Spatio-temporal reco.struction

Single Fe atom-anchored manganese dioxide for efficient removal of volatile organic co.pounds in refrigerator

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3927-3933页

作者： Yiwen Wang Jun Zhang Yongfei Zhang Yu Zhang Zhe Wang Jing Wang Yuen Wu Department of Endocrinology the First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001China School of Chemistry and Materials science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei Hualing co. LtdHefei 230088China Linkway technology co. LtdResearch Institute of Single Atom Catalysts Industry TechnologyNanning 530000China

The efficient and rapid removal of volatile organic co.pounds(VOCs)holds significant importance for ensuring food quality and human health,particularly within the low-temperature co.fined spaces in ***,achieving effective VOCs degradation under such co.ditions poses challenges in terms of activating inert bonds and facilitating mass *** this study,we propose a novel solution by designing a cleaner module that inco.porates 1.07%single Fe atom-anchored manganese dioxide catalysts(FeSAs-MnO_(2)).The co.bination of single Fe atoms and defect-rich MnO_(2) substrate efficiently activates molecular oxygen,leading to enhanced generation of highly reactive oxygen species(ROS).Non-thermal plasma(NTP)and circulating fan are introduced to facilitate the regeneration of catalytic activity and improve mass *** FeSAs-MnO_(2) cleaner module demonstrates exceptional performance in trimethylamine(TMA)removal,achieving a co.version efficiency of 98.9%for 9 ppm within just 9 ***,accelerated aging tests predict an extended service life of up to 45 years for the FeSAs-MnO_(2) cleaner module,surpassing the expected lifespan of refrigerators significantly.

关键词： single atom catalysts volatile organic co.pounds(VOCs) trimethylamine(TMA) non-thermal plasma(NTP) refrigerator

co.stitutive model of visco.lastic dynamic damage for the material of gas obturator in modular-charge howitzer

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第9期39卷 203-216页

作者： Zhonggang Li Longmiao Chen Yifan Li Yufeng Jia Quan Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China technology Center Shanxi North Machine-building Co.Ltd.Taiyuan 030009China Research and Development Department Kelong New Material Technology Co.Ltd.Xianyang 712000China

In order to investigate the mechanical response behavior of the gas obturator of the breech mechanism,made of polychloroprene rubber(PCR), uniaxial co.pression experiments were carried out by using a universal testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB), obtaining stress-strain responses at different temperatures and strain rates. The results revealed that, in co.parison to other polymers, the gas obturator material exhibited inco.spicuous strain softening and hardening effects;meanwhile, the mechanical response was more affected by the strain rate than by temperature. Subsequently, a succinct visco.lastic damage co.stitutive model was developed based on the ZWT model, including ten undetermined parameters, formulated with inco.porating three parallel co.ponents to capture the visco.lastic response at high strain rate and further enhanced by integrating a three-parameter Weibull function to describe the damage. co.pared to the ZWT model, the modified model co.ld effectively describe the mechanical response behavior of the gas obturator material at high strain rates. This research laid a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the influence of chamber sealing issues on artillery firing.

关键词： Breech mechanism Gas obturator Polychloroprene rubber co.stitutive model Strain rate Damage

Synergistically co.structed lamination-like network of redox-active polyimide and MXene via π-π interactions for aqueous NH_(4)^(+) storage

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 217-224页

作者： Jing He Hongye Xuan Jing Jin Ke Yu Changyao Liyang Lintong Hu Minjie Shi Chao Yan School of Materials science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China Jiangsu New Yangzi Shipbuilding co. LtdJingjiang 214532China

As a nonmetallic charge carrier,ammonium ion(NH_(4)^(+))has garnered significant attention in the co.struction of aqueous batteries due to its advantages of low molar mass,small hydration size and rapid diffusion in aqueous *** are a kind of potential electro-active materials for aqueous NH_(4)^(+)***,traditional polymer electrodes are typically created by co.ering the bulky co.lectors with excessive additives,which co.ld lead to low volume capacity and unsatisfactory ***,a nanoparticle-like polyimide(PI)was synthesized and then co.bined with MXene nanosheets to synergistically co.struct an additive-free and self-standing PI@MXene co.posite ***,the redox-active PI nanoparticles are enclosed between co.ductive MXene flakes to create a 3D lamination-like network that promotes electron transmission,while theπ-πinteractions existing between PI and MXene co.tribute to the enhanced structural integrity and stability within the co.posite *** such,it delivers superior aqueous NH_(4)^(+)storage behaviors in terms of a notable specific capacity of 110.7 mA·h·cm^(–3) and a long lifespan with only 0.0064%drop each ***,in-situ Raman and UV–Vis examinations provide evidence of reversible and stable redox mechanism of the PI@MXene co.posite electrode during NH_(4)^(+)uptake/removal,highlighting its significance in the area of electrochemical energy storage.

关键词： Synergetic co.pling co.posite materials Polyimide Energy storage Aqueous ammonium ion batteries

Study on the oxidation mechanism of Al-SiC co.posite at elevated temperature

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第9期31卷 2077-2087页

作者： Jishuo Han Yong Li Chenhong Ma Qingyao Zheng Xiuhua Zhang Xiaofang Wu School of Materials science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Vesuvius Advanced Ceramics(China)co. LtdSuzhou 215000China

Resin-bonded Al-SiC co.posite was sintered at 1100,1300,and 1500℃ in the air,the oxidation mechanism was *** reaction models were also *** oxidation resistance of the Al-SiC co.posite was significantly enhanced with temperature *** in the exterior of the co.posite was partially oxidized slightly,while the transformation of metastable Al_(4)C_(3) to stable Al_(4)SiC_(4) existed in the *** 1100℃,Al in the interior reacted with residual C to form Al_(4)C_(3).With increasing to 1300℃,high temperature and low oxygen partial pressure lead to active oxidation of SiC,and internal gas co.position transforms to Al_(2)O(g)+co.g)+SiO(g)as the reaction *** Al_(4)C_(3) is formed,co.g)and SiO(g)are co.tinuously deposited on its surface,transforming to Al_(4)SiC_(4).At 1500℃,a dense layer co.sisting of SiC and Al_(4)SiC_(4) whiskers is formed which cuts off the diffusion channel of *** active oxidation of SiC is accelerated,enabling more gas to participate in the synthesis of Al_(4)SiC_(4),eventually forming hexagonal lamellar Al_(4)SiC_(4) with mutual accumulation between SiC *** Al enhances the oxidation resistance of *** addition,the in situ generated non-oxide is uniformly dispersed on a micro-scale and bonds SiC stably.

关键词： Al-SiC co.posite kiln furniture Al_(4)SiC_(4) Al_(4)C_(3) oxidation mechanism