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Microphysical Insights into a Tornadic Supercell from Dual-Polarization Radar Observations in Jiangsu, China on 14 May 2021

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Journal of meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 303-320页

作者： Chao YUAN Yang BAI Pengfei SUN Hua BAI Lu XIA China meteorological Administration Tornado Key Laboratory Foshan 528315 Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological AdministrationShenyang 110166 Panjin National Climate Observatory Panjin 124010 Yangzhou meteorological bureau of Jiangsu province Yangzhou 225100 yichun meteorological bureau of heilongjiang province Yichun 153000

Tornadoes are incredibly powerful and destructive natural events,yet the microphysical characteristics of the parent storm and its effects on tornadogenesis remain *** study analyzed polarization radar data of a tornadic supercell that occurred in Jiangsu province of China on 14 May 2021,in comparison with another tornadic supercell and two non-tornadic supercells that occurred in the same region in *** two tornadic supercells exhibited lower differential reflectivity(ZDR)in the hook echo region compared with the non-tornadic supercells,indicating smaller median drop sizes.A distinct increase in ZDR from the melting of frozen hydrometeors,observed between2.5-and 4.0-km altitude in the non-tornadic storms,was absent in the tornadic *** non-tornadic supercells also displayed substantially higher specific differential phase(KDP)below the melting level,likely aroused from enhanced melting and *** findings suggest fundamental microphysical contrasts between tornadic and nontornadic ***,tornadic supercells have smaller droplets and may reduce melting in hook ***,greater separation between the ZDR arc and the KDP foot was observed during *** vertical gradient of KDP related to the cooling pool strength of the hook echo,regulating rear-flank downdraft *** the limited number of cases investigated,the findings of this study indicate that monitoring ZDR,KDP,and drop size distribution trends could assist with tornado prediction and warnings.

关键词： tornado polarimetric radar supercell hook echo drop size distribution

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THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY AT THE CHINESE GREAT WALL STATION,ANTARCTICA IN 1998

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2003年第3期17卷 364-375页

作者：汤洁于晓岚师昱峰程红兵王国贵 Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences meteorological bureau of heilongjiang province

This paper reports the analysis results (including pH,conductivity and ion concentrations) of the precipitation samples collected at the Chinese Great Wall Station,Antarctica (62°13′S, 58°58′W,ASL10.0 m) in *** average pH value and conductivity were 5.62 and 85.16 μS/cm,*** pH value and conductivity of precipitation were higher during autumn, but lower during other *** major ions in the precipitation were C1- and Na+,followed by SO_4^(2-),Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),K^+,NO_3^-,NH_4^+ with the lower concentrations in *** positive correlation significantly existing between the major ions,except NO_3^- and NH_4^+,indicated that those major ions might come from same *** fact that the relative abundances of ions in precipitation were very close to that of seawater of Antarctic Ocean indicated that marine aerosol was the dominant source of the ions of ***,there were yet other sources which may contribute to Ca^(2+) ion in the *** precipitation at the area was characterized by marine type chemically.

关键词： Antarctica precipitation chemistry the Chinese Great Wall Station observation

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Numerical Study on Microphysical Processes of Two Different Snowfall Cases in Northern China

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2007年第4期21卷 420-437页

作者：孙晶王鹏云李想逯莹 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences Shuangyashan meteorological bureau of heilongjiang province

In this paper, two snowfall cases under different weather conditions in northern China are simulated by using the meso scale model MM5. Two-way nesting structure of domains is designed for each case. Among the explicit schemes of MM5, the Reisner graupel scheme is selected to describe the microphysical process. The simulated snow-bands of two cases are basically consistent with observations. The simulated results of microphysical processes are mainly discussed. The hydrometeors and their sources and sinks under different weather backgrounds are described. The feedback effects of microphysical processes on the thermal and dynamic processes are also discussed. Method that outputs the accumulative sources and sinks per hour is used to analyze the distribution characteristics of hydrometeors during the strongest snowfall period. Two sensitivity tests （called heat test and drag test） are conducted to examine the effects of microphysical processes on cloud produced by the latent heat and drag force. Results have shown that the distribution of particles has a close relation with temperature. The temperature of Beijing snowfall is under 0℃ and there exist vapor and solid phase particles, while Liaoning snowfall has vapor, liquid, and solid phase particles due to the warm temperature. The distribution of these particles is not the same at different development stages. From the analyses of the characteristics of sources and sinks, it is found that snow is mainly produced by the deposition and accretion with ice. Cloud water is crucial to graupel. The melting of ice-phase particles enhances the rain production. The results of heat tests and drag tests reveal that the microphysical processes have interacted with the dynamic and thermal processes. Latent heat release of hydrometeors feeds back positively on snowfall while the drag force not. At last, comparisons of simulated results have been done between the two different kinds of snowfall cases. The microphysical processes o

关键词： snowfall mesoscale model MM5 microphysical process sources and sinks

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Impacts of climate warming on heating energy consumption and southern boundaries of severe cold and cold regions in China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第20期52卷 2854-2858页

作者： CHEN Li FANG XiuQi LI Shuai School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Harbin meteorological bureau Harbin 150080 China meteorological bureau of heilongjiang province Harbin 150001 China

Impacts of climate warming on heating energy consumption and southern boundaries of severe cold and cold regions of China in the past 20 years are analyzed by using daily and monthly average tem- perature data from 590 weather stations in China and based on regulations of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design Rules (GB50019-2003) and Thermal Design Rules for Civil Building (GB50175-93) (China National Standard). The contribution of climate warming to coal saving for heating during cold seasons in major cities is calculated according to indices of coal consumption for heating in major cities during cold seasons defined in Energy Conservation Design Standard for New Heating Residential Buildings (JCJ26-95). Comparing with the period before 1980, southern boundaries of se- vere cold and cold regions shift toward north up to 2 degrees in latitude since the mid-1980s. Theo- retically, climate warming could contribute to 5%―10% coal savings for heating since the mid-1980s in major cities, and even more since the mid-1990s.

关键词：气候变暖中国寒冷地区能源消耗

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Seasonal characterization of components and size distributions for submicron aerosols in Beijing

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第4期56卷 890-900页

作者： ZHANG YangMei SUN JunYing ZHANG XiaoYe SHEN XiaoJing WANG TingTing QIN MingKai Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences heilongjiang province meteorological bureau Fengtai District meteorological bureau of Beijing

Submicron aerosols （PMt） in Beijing were studied using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer （AMS） from January to Oc tober 2008. This paper presents seasonal variations of different chemical components （sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride and organics） and size distributions of PM1. Results show that mass concentration of PMI was highest in summer, and lowest in autumn. Organics represented the dominant species in all seasons, accounting for 36%58% of PML, and their concentrations were highest in winter. Concentrations of inorganic components, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium were highest in summer. Based on principal component analysis, organics were deconvolved and quantified as hydrocarbonlike and oxygenated organ ic aerosol （HOA and OOA, respectively）. HOA was highest in winter, accounting for about 70% of organics. However, OOA was highest in summer, and had lower values in autumn and winter. A similar diurnal pattern of various components was ob served, which is higher at nighttime and lower during daytime. HOA increased more dramatically than other species between 17：00 and 21：00 and peaked at noon, which could be related to cooking emissions. OOA, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and chlo ride varied with the same trend. Their concentrations increased with solar radiation from 9：00 to 13：00, and declined with weakening solar radiation. Size distributions of all species showed apparent peaks in the range 500600 nm. Size distributions of organics were much broader than other species, particularly in autumn and winter. Distributions of sulfate, nitrate and am monium had similar patterns, broadening in winter. Contributions of different species were sizedependent; the finer the parti cle, the greater the contribution of organics. Organics represented more than 60% of particles smaller than 200 nm, contrib uting 50% to PM1 in winter. In spring and summer, HOA was the dominant organic fraction for particles smaller than 200 nm, while OOA contributed more to particles la

关键词： aerosol chemical components size distribution AMS seasonal variation Beijing

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Reconstruction of October Mean Temperature since 1796 in Wuying Based on Tree Ring Data

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2010年第2期1卷 100-106页

作者： Hong Yin Hongbin Liu Lei Huang Hongmin Yu Shiyou Guo Fang Wang Pinwen Guo National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China meteorological bureau of yichun City Yichun 153000 China Climate Center of heilongjiang province Harbin 150001 China Department of Atmosphere Sciences Nanjing University of Information ＆ Technology Nanjing 210044 China

The monthly mean temperature for October in the Fenglin National Natural Reserve of Wuying, in heilongjiang province, was reconstructed for the period running from 1796 to 2004 using RES tree ring chronology. The explained variance of the reconstruction is 34.8%. In the past 209 years, there are 4 colder and 4 warmer periods according to the reconstructed series. A period of 3.33-year is found significant based on the power spectrum method. Abrupt changes are also detected in the reconstructed series with 30-year time scale based on the smoothing t-test, smoothing F-test and Le Page test methods. Significant abrupt changes in mean value are observed for around 1871 and 1900, and a significant abrupt change in standard deviation is observed for around 1851.

关键词： Wuying tree ring temperature reconstruction

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The Characteristics of Changes in Sunshine Hours of Jimusi Region in Sanjiang Plain

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meteorological and Environmental Research 2012年第12期3卷 13-16页

作者： LI Wen-fu YU Fang QIN Min LV Hong-yu GUAN Hong-shi Jiamusi meteorological bureau in heilongjiang province Fuyuan meteorological bureau in heilongjiang province Huanan meteorological bureau in heilongjiang province

Based on the data of sunshine hours from the four stations in Jiamusi region in Sanjiang Plain from 1961 to 2011, we analysed the changing tend and the abnormal year of sunshine hours in this region. The results showed that annual sunshine hours reduced extremely significantly in three stations of Jiamusi region in Sanjiang Plain in recent 50 years, especially in spring and winter, and the decrease of annual sunshine hours was the largest in the middle of Jiamusi region, followed by the west, while it was the smallest in the east. On the contrary, annual sunshine hours increased extremely significantly in Fuyuan in the northeast. Monthly sunshine hours of this area changed from 134.1 to 246.0 h, and the maximum data appeared in March, and the next was June, while the minimum one appeared in December. Total monthly sunshine hours reached the maximum in Tangyuan in the west, followed by middle Jiamusi and Fujin in the east, while the minimum appeared in Fuyuan in the northeast. Sunshine hours showed an increasing tendency only in July and August. From 2001 to 2011, annual sunshine hours showed a decreasing tendency in Jiamusi, while there was an obvious increase in Tangyuan, Fujin and Fuyuan; in the 20th century, annual average sunshine hours from the 1980s to 1990s decreased by 267.7 h compared with that from 1960s to 1970s. Among them, sunshine hours were the fewest in the 1990s. In recent 50 years, there was an abnormal increase in annual sunshine hours in Jiamusi in 1975 and 1982; while there were abnormal decreases in Tangyuan and Fujin in 1993, Fujin in 1995, and Fuyuan in 1982 and 1987.

关键词： Sunshine hours Abrupt changes of climate Abnormal year China

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Factors Limiting the Forecast Skill of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation in a Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第1期36卷 104-118页

作者： Zheng HE Pangchi HSU Xiangwen LIU Tongwen WU Yingxia GAO Key Laboratory of meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Weather Modification Office of heilongjiang province Heilongjiang Meteorological Bureau Climate Model Division National Climate CenterChina Meteorological Administration

In this study,we evaluate the forecast skill of the subseasonal-to-seasonal(S2S)prediction model of the Beijing Climate Center(BCC)for the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation(BSISO).We also discuss the key factors that inhibit the BSISO forecast skill in this *** on the bivariate anomaly correlation coefficient(ACC)of the BSISO index,defined by the first two EOF modes of outgoing longwave radiation and 850-hPa zonal wind anomalies over the Asian monsoon region,we found that the hindcast skill degraded as the lead time *** ACC dropped to below 0.5for lead times of 11 days and longer when the predicted BSISO showed weakened strength and insignificant northward *** identify what causes the weakened forecast skill of BSISO at the forecast lead time of 11 days,we diagnosed the main mechanisms responsible for the BSISO northward *** same analysis was also carried out using the observations and the outputs of the four-day forecast lead that successfully predicted the observed northward-propagating *** found that the lack of northward propagation at the 11-day forecast lead was due to insufficient increases in low-level cyclonic vorticity,moistening and warm temperature anomalies to the north of the convection,which were induced by the interaction between background mean flows and BSISO-related anomalous *** BCC S2S model can predict the background monsoon circulations,such as the low-level southerly and the northerly and easterly vertical shears,but has limited capability in forecasting the distributions of circulation and moisture anomalies.

关键词： BCC S2S model boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation forecast skill northward propagation

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Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in old growth forests of Korean pine

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Journal of Forestry Research 1998年第4期9卷 240-244页

作者：王政权王庆成陈全涉 Northeast Forestry University Harbin P.R. China yichun Silviculture bureau Heilongjiang Province

In this paper, we used geostatistics studied the spatial heterogeneity of total nitrogen and phosphorus on the top soil (0–10 cm) in old growth forests of Korean pine. There was a high degree of spatial heterogeneity of both nutrients which were dependent scales. The isotropic spatial dependent scale were 6.19 m (N%) and 11.10 m (P%). Both nutrients have anisotropic structures at sampled area. Spatial heterogeneity of autocorrelated was over 80%, and spatial autocorrelation was important in nutrient variations in space. This caused spatial patterns of total nitrogen and phosphorus in forest top soil.

关键词： Spatial heterogeneity Semivariogram Nitrogen Phosphorus Pinus koraiensis

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Growth models and site index table of natural Korean pine forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 1999年第4期10卷 236-238页

作者：孙玉文李实崔红李长胜刘鹏张俊华 Mudanjiang Forestry Administrative bureau of heilongjiang province Mudanjiang P.R. China yichun Forestry School of heilongjiang province Yichun P.R. China Northeast Forestry University Harbin P.R. China

According to the growth characteristics of natural Korean pine (Pinus Koraiensis) forests, 6 equations such as Chapman-Richards equation, Logistic equation, Power equation, and so on were selected to ftt for the growth modeIs for Korean pine forest. The growth models were developed based on 208 random trees and 24o dominant trees. Results show that the Chapman-Richards equation is the best model for estimating tree height by age and DBH, while the Parabola equation is fittest for predicting DBH by age or estimating age from DBH. The site index table of Korean pine forest was compiled by using the proportional method with the Chapman-Richards equation as the guide curve and vaIidated by accuracy test.

关键词： Korean pine forest Growth model Site index table

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