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Exosomes:the next-generation therapeutic platform for ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1221-1235页

作者： Wenjing Yin Hongyin Ma Yang Qu Jiaxin Ren Yingying Sun Zhen-Ni Guo Yi Yang Stroke center Department of NeurologyFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Neuroscience Research center Department of NeurologyFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional ***,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this *** are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological *** have low immunogenicity,good stability,high delivery efficiency,and the ability to cross the blood–brain *** physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic *** rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes,which can effectively improve targeting ability,enhance therapeutic efficacy,and minimize the dosages *** in technology have also driven clinical translational research on *** this review,we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes and their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke,including their antiinflammation,anti-apoptosis,autophagy-regulation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,and glial scar formation reduction ***,it is worth noting that,despite their significant therapeutic potential,there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified *** optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic ***,our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.

关键词： blood–brain barrier electroacupuncture engineering exercise exosomes ischemic stroke mesenchymal stem cells microglia neuroprotection stents

Peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for major depressive disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1541-1554页

作者： Jinmei Ye Cong Duan Jiaxin Han Jinrong Chen Ning Sun Yuan Li Tifei Yuan Daihui Peng Division of Mood Disorder Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Psychiatry First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Brain Health InstituteNational Center for Mental DisordersShanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Co-Innovation center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release from stress-induced dysfunctional central nervous system mitochondria into peripheral circulation. This evidence supports the potential use of peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein, we critically review the neuroinflammation theory in major depressive disorder, providing compelling evidence that mitochondrial DNA release acts as a critical biological substrate, and that it constitutes the neuroinflammatory disease pathway. After its release, mitochondrial DNA can be carried in the exosomes and transported to extracellular spaces in the central nervous system and peripheral circulation. Detectable exosomes render encaged mitochondrial DNA relatively stable. This mitochondrial DNA in peripheral circulation can thus be directly detected in clinical practice. These characteristics illustrate the potential for mitochondrial DNA to serve as an innovative clinical biomarker and molecular treatment target for major depressive disorder. This review also highlights the future potential value of clinical applications combining mitochondrial DNA with a panel of other biomarkers, to improve diagnostic precision in major depressive disorder.

关键词： biomarker cytokine exosomes inflammasome major depressive disorder microglia mitochondrial DNA mitochondrial dysfunction neuroinflammation Toll-like receptor

Delayed neural damage induced by lightning and electrical injury: neural death, vascular necrosis and demyelination?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第9期9卷 907-908页

作者： Andrew D. Reisner Forensic diagnostic center of District Nine

The structural damage to vascular endothelial cell In a recent article in the journal Brain Injury, four potential hypotheses for delayed neurological disorders following lightning and electrical injury were suggested （Reisner, 2013）. The phenomenon of delayed neurodegenerative syndromes following lighting and electrical injury has been known since the early 1930s （Critchley, 1934）, but to the present day, the mechanisms involved have been poorly un- derstood. An initial and still plausible theory is that the electrical insult causes damage to the vascular structures feeding the spinal cord via damage to vascular endothelial cells （Farrell and Starr, 1968）.

关键词： neural death Delayed neural damage induced by lightning and electrical injury

Next-generation sequencing and its clinical application

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 4-10页

作者： Dahui Qin Molecular diagnostic Laboratory Department of Pathology Moffitt Cancer Center

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a new technology used for DNA and RNA sequencing and variant/mutation detection. NGS can sequence hundreds and thousands of genes or whole genome in a short period of time. The sequence variants/mutations detected by NGS have been widely used for disease diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic decision, and follow up of patients. The capacity of its massive parallel sequencing offers new opportunities for personalized precision medicine.

关键词： NGS DNA capacity

Current status and challenges in sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2017年第2期29卷 93-99页

作者： Bang Wool Eom Young-II Kim Hong Man Yoon Soo-Jeong Cho Jong Yeul Lee Chan GyooKim Soo Jin Kim Ji Yoon Rho Seok Ki Kim Myeong-Cherl Kook Young-Woo Kim Keun Won center for gastric cancer national cancer centerrepublic of korea center for diagnostic oncology national cancer centerrepublic of korea

Although a number of feasibility studies for sentinel node （SN） concepts in gastric cancer have been conducted since 2000, there remains a debate regarding detailed detection techniques and oncological safety. Two important multicenter phase II clinical trials were performed in Japan that used different methods and reached different conclusions; one confirmed acceptable results with a false-negative rate of 7%, and the other showed an unacceptably high false-negative rate of 46.4%. The Sentinel Node Oriented Tailored Approach （SENORITA） trial is a multicenter randomized controlled phase 1/I trial being performed in Korea. Patient enrollment is now complete and the long-term results are currently awaited. Recently, an image-guided SN mapping technique using infrared ray/fluorescence was introduced. This method might be a promising technology because it allows the clear visualization of SNs. With regard to the primary tumor, the non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery technique and non-exposure endolaparoscopic full-thickness resection with simple suturing technique have been reported. These methods prevent abdominal infection and tumor seeding and can be good alternatives to conventional laparoscopic gastric wedge resection. For indications, SN navigation surgery can be extended to patients who underwent non-curative endoscopic resection. Although a few studies have been performed on these patients, sentinel concepts may be beneficial to patients as they omit the need for additional gastrectomy. SN navigation surgery can lead to actual organ-preserving surgery and plays a key role in improving the quality of life of patients with early gastric cancer in the future.

关键词： Sentinel node navigation surgery early gastric cancer SENORITA

Successful balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for bleeding duodenal varices using cyanoacrylate

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第6期19卷 951-954页

作者： Rintaro Hashimoto Keitaro Sofue Yoshito Takeuchi Kentaro Shibamoto Yasuaki Arai Department of diagnostic Radiology National Cancer Center Central Hospital

A 76-year-old woman with hepatitis C cirrhosis presented with tarry stools and *** endoscopy demonstrated bleeding duodenal varices in the second portion of the ***-enhanced computed tomography revealed markedly tortuous varices around the wall in the *** afferent veins appeared to have developed,and the right ovarian vein draining into the inferior vena cava was detected as an efferent ***-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) of the varices using cyanoacrylate was successfully performed in combination with the temporary occlusion of the portal *** no previous publications have used cyanoacrylate as an embolic agent for BRTO to control bleeding duodenal varices,this strategy can be considered as an alternative procedure to conventional BRTO using ethanolamine oleate when numerous afferent vessels that cannot be embolized are present.

关键词： Bleeding duodenal varices Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration Cyanoacrylate Combination therapy Temporary portal vein occlusion

Transformation of sulfamethazine during the chlorination disinfection process: Transformation,kinetics, and toxicology assessment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第2期31卷 48-56页

作者： Yunjia Yang Jiachen Shi Yi Yang Jie Yin Jing Zhang Bing Shao Beijing Key Laboratory of diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control Beijing Research center for Preventive Medicine

Various disinfection byproducts(DBPs) form during the process of chlorination disinfection,posing potential threats to drinking water safety and human health. Sulfamethazine(SMT),the most commonly used and frequently detected veterinary antibiotic, was investigated in detail with regard to its transformation and kinetics in reactions with free available chlorine(FAC). Using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, several DBPs were identified based on different confidence levels, and a variety of reaction types, including desulfonation, S–N cleavage, hydroxylation, and chlorine substitution, were proposed. The kinetic experiments indicated that the reaction rate was FAC-and pH-dependent, and SMT exhibits low reactivity toward FAC in alkaline conditions. The DBPs exhibited a much higher acute toxicity than SMT, as estimated by quantitative structure activity relationship models. More importantly, we observed that the FAC-treated SMT reaction solution might increase the genotoxic potential due to the generation of DBPs. This investigation provides substantial new details related to the transformation of SMT in the chlorination disinfection process.

关键词： LC-QTOF Sulfamethazine Transformation products Chlorination Toxicity

Hypertriglyceridemia:a case report from diagnostic laboratory,Barasat,West Bengal,India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第4期1卷 328-329页

作者： Utpal Kumar Biswas Arun Kumar Medicave diagnostic center Private Limited Barasa

Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as an abnormal concentration of triglyceride in the blood and has been associated with atherosclerosis,even in the absence of *** case report is of 40-year-old man diagnosed to have hypertriglyceridemia who attended for routine screening in our diagnostic laboratory at *** was nonsmoker,non-alcoholic,had a reasonable diet with abundant fruits and vegetables,and was on regular *** was not taking any lipid lowering *** hailed from Barasat,and was employed in Government sector in Barasat and policeman by *** father died at the age of 57 years in a heart attack;but his mother is healthy and now almost 62 years of age,and he has two brothers one elder and another younger to him,both are *** blood pressure was normal,his body-mass index was 27,and his waist circumference was 96 cm and hip circumference was *** waist/hip ratio was *** Biochemical analyses were as follows- Fasting Glucose:186 mg/dL,Total Cholesterol:90 mg/dL,Triglycerides:372 mg/dL,High-density cholesterol:3.80 mg/dL,Low-density cholesterol:2.90 mg/dL,VLDL:83.20 mg/dL,Cholesterol/HDL-C ratio:23.6:1,LDL-C/HDL-C:0.07:*** study revealed the increased prevalence of dyslipidemia to be more prevalent in 31-40 year males,suggesting that this group is at an increased risk of developing CAD leading to young *** lifestyle therapies i.e.,enhanced physical activity and dietary modification and therapeutic intervention would help us in the treatment and management of dyslipidemia.

关键词： Hypertriglyceridemia Diabetes Hypo LDL-C Hypo HDL-C Barasat Triglyceride dyslipidemia Fasting glucose Total cholesterol

Products of methotrexate during chlorination

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第5期29卷 100-108页

作者： Jie Yin Yumin Niu Bing Shao Beijing Key Laboratory of diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine Beijing 100013 China.

Methotrexate （MTX） is a cytotoxic drug widely used in the treatment of tumors, autoimmune diseases and severe asthma, jen00883This drug has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment with concentrations up to μg/L levels. The MTX present in environmental water might be transformed and removed during chlorination disinfection treatment. In this work, the fate of MTX during aqueous chlorination was investigated in laboratory batch experiments, and the transformation products of MTX were identified. Aqueous solutions of MTX （1 mg/L） were chlorinated by sodium hypochlorite solution at room temperature under neutral pH conditions. Chlorinated products were pre-concentrated with solid-phase extraction （SPE） cartridges and determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS/MS）. The reaction of MTX chlorination exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics and the half-life time of MTX degradation was calculated to be 1.65 min, when the initial chlorine concentration was 2 mg/L. Two chlorinated MTX congeners, 4-amino-3-chlorinated-N10-methylpteroylglutamic （monochloro-MTX） and 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-N10-methylpteroylglutamic （dichloro-MTX） were found in the chlori- nated solution. Monochloro-MTX was successfully fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and its structure was further identified using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） analysis. The presence of the two products in real hospital wastewater was then examined and both compounds were detected. Finally, the effects of MTX and monochloro-MTX on the cell cycle progression in vitro were evaluated using zebrafish liver cell line. It was found that both compounds could inhibit the proliferation of zebrafish liver cells through S phase arrest and their effects on the cell cycle profile had no significant difference.

关键词： Methotrexate Chlorination Chlorinated methotrexate Cell cycle arrest