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Genome of Plant Maca （Lepidium meyenil） Illuminates Genomic Basis for High-Altitude Adaptation in the Central Andes

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Molecular Plant 2016年第7期9卷 1066-1077页

作者： Jing Zhang Yang Tian Liang Yan GuanghuiZhang Xiao Wang Yan Zeng Jiajin Zhang Xiao Ma Yuntao Tan Ni Long yangzi Wang Yujin Ma Yuqi He Yu Xue Shumei Hao Shengchao Yang Wen Wang Liangsheng Zhang Yang Dong Wei Chen Jun Sheng College of Life Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China College of Life Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130012 China Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science Ministry of Education Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China Pu'er institute of Pu-erh Tea Pu'er 665000 China Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials Yunnan Agricultural University Kunrning 650201 China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Science and Information Engineering Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China College of Life Science Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650504 China Public Technical Service Center Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Center for Genomics and Biotechnology Haixia Institute of Science and Technology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China yunnan Research institute for Local Plateau Agriculture and Industry Kunming 650201 China These authors contributed equally to this article.

Maca （Lepidium meyenii Walp, 2n = 8x = 64）, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is an economic plant cultivated in the central Andes sierra in Peru （4000-4500 m）. Considering that the rapid uplift of the central Andes occurred 5-10 million years ago （Ma）, an evolutionary question arises regarding how plants such as maca acquire high-altitude adaptation within a short geological period. Here, we report the high-quality genome assembly of maca, in which two closely spaced maca-specific whole-genome duplications （WGDs; ~6.7 Ma） were identified. Comparative genomic analysis between maca and closely related Brassicaceae species revealed expansions of maca genes and gene families involved in abiotic stress response, hormone signaling pathway, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis via WGDs. The retention and subsequent functional divergence of many duplicated genes may account for the morphological and physiological changes （i.e., small leaf shape and self-fertility） in maca in a high-altitude environment. In addition, some duplicated maca genes were identified with functions in morphological adaptation （i.e., LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS） and abiotic stress response （i.e., GL YClNE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEINS and DNA-DAMAGE-REPAIR/TOLERATION2） under positive selection. Collectively, the maca genome provides use- ful information to understand the important roles of WGDs in the high-altitude adaptation of plants in the Andes.

关键词： genome sequencing whole-genome duplication high-altitude adaptation Brassicaceae Lepidium,leaf morphogenesis self-incompatibility

Correlation Between Birth Defects and Dietary Nutrition Status in a High Incidence Area of China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第1期21卷 37-44页

作者： BAO-YUAN ZHANG TING ZHANG LIANG-MING LIN FANG WANG RUO-LEI XIN XUE GU YU-NA HE DONG-MEI YU PEI-ZHEN LI QING-SHAN ZHANG JIN ZHAO Yu-Fu QIN XIU-FENG YANG GONG CHEN JU-FEN LIU XIN-MING SONG XIAO-YING ZHENG Capital institute of Pediatrics Beijing 100020 China Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Department of Epidemiology Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi China Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shanxi Province Taiyuan 030012 Shanxi China Xinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Xinzhou 034000 Shanxi China WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Reproductive Health and Population Science Institute of Population Research Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Objective To investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China. Methods A dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnancy was affected by neural tube defects （NTDs） or unaffected by any birth defects （BDs） in Zhongyang and Jiaokou Counties in Shanxi Province of China. ResuIts The local average consumption of foods including dark green vegetables, fruits, fat and meat, and nutrient intake （e.g. energy, protein, retinol, riboflavin, vitamin E, and selenium） were lower than the national average level. In women of childbearing age, these regions, the intake of nutrients was much lower than the recommended nutrient intake （9%-77%）. The case-control dietary nutrition study of women whose pregnancy was affected by BDs （including NTDs and congenital heart defects） demonstrated that, in early pregnancy, adequate nutrition （i.e. eating meat, fresh vegetables, fruit more than once a week） was a protective factor, while eating germinated potatoes was a risk factor. The geometrical mean （pS- p95） of serum folic acid in women with NTD birth defects was 9.6 nmol/L （3.6, 23.03）, which was significantly lower than that in normal women （14.03 nmol/L）. Conclusion Women of childbearing age in the two counties of Shanxi Province, China, have a marked insufficient intake of some nutrients, especially folic acid, zinc, vitamins A and B12. This nutrient deficiency may be an important risk factor for the high prevalence of birth defects in these regions. Therefore, adequate dietary nutrition in early pregnancy can prevent BDs.

关键词： Birth defects Dietary survey Folic acid Nutrition status

Micropaleontology and palaeoclimate during the early Cretaceous in the Lishu depression,Songliao basin,Northeast China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第1期8卷 93-106页

作者： Wei Yan Tailiang Fan Hongyu Wang Chen Zhu Zhiqian Gao Xiangjie Meng yangzi Sun Fan Yang School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism Ministry of EducationChina University of GeoscieneesBeijing 100083China Department of Geosciences Indiana University BloomingtonBloomington47405USA Exploration and Development Research institute of Huabei Oilfield PetroChinaRenqiu062550China The Research institute of CNOOC Shenzhen Branch ZhuangzhouGuangdong510000China The First Oil Production of SINOPEC North Chino Company QingyangCansu745000China

Diverse and abundant microfossils, such as palynomorphs, algae and Ostracoda, were collected from lower Cretaceous strata of Lishu depression, located in southeastern Songliao basin, and were identified and classified in order to provide relevant, detailed records for paleoclimate research. The early Creta- ceous vegetation and climate of southeastern Songliao basin have been inferred from the analysis of palynomorph genera, algae and Ostracoda of the LSI and SW110 wells. The lower Cretaceous strata include, in ascending stratigraphic order, the Shahezi, Yingcheng and Denglouku formations. Palyno- logical assemblages for each formation, based on biostratigraphic and statistical analyses, provide an assessment of their longitudinal variations. During deposition of the Shahezi Formation, the climate was mid-subtropical. Vegetation consisted of coniferous forest and herbage. During deposition of the Ying- cheng Formation, the climate was south Asian tropical. Vegetation consisted mainly of coniferous forest and herbal shrub. In addition, fresh and saline non-marine water dominated the lacustrine setting during deposition of these formations. Deposition of the Denglouku Formation, however, occurred under a hot and dry tropical climate. The vegetation was mostly coniferous forest and lake waters became saline. Palaeoclimate variation is correlated by the lake level change and the development of sedimentary facies. Palaeoclimate contribute to the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoir.

关键词： Palynomorph Palaeoclimate Early Cretaceous Lishu depression Songliao Basin

Identifying QTL and candidate genes for prolificacy in maize

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The Crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 531-539页

作者： Min Wang Renyu Zhang yangzi Zhao Jieyuan Yao Weiya Li Zhixing Yang Fei Sun Xiaohong Yang State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement Center of China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China institute of Advanced Agricultural Technology Qilu Normal UniversityJinan 250200ShandongChina

In maize,prolificacy,the number of ears per plant,is a trait of interest to maize breeders for breeding high grain-yielding cultivars or specialty corn,as well as being a model trait for decoding the molecular mechanism of maize *** genetic basis remains largely *** identified a stable quantitative trait locus,qEN7,for ear number on chromosome 7 in both F2 and F2:3 populations derived from a single cross between the nonprolific inbred line Mo17 and the prolific inbred line LAN404 derived from the landrace ***7 explained 10.7%-11.9%of phenotypic variation,and the LAN404 allele at this locus was associated with an increase of around one ear per ***7 was confined by fine-mapping to a 0.56-Mb region containing eight annotated *** of selection,gene expression patterns in various maize tissues,and sequence polymorphisms between the two parental lines suggested that Zm00001d020683,which encodes a putative INDETERMINATE DOMAIN(IDD)transcription factor,is the most likely candidate gene underlying ***00001d020683 is expressed mainly in the vegetative meristem,immature ears,and internodes and has undergone selection during maize *** identification of qEN7 and the prediction of its candidate gene sheds some light on the evolution of maize ear number and provides a novel resource for breeding of multi-ear maize cultivars.

关键词： Prolificacy QTL mapping Fine mapping Selection analysis Maize

COVID-19 reinfection in the presence of neutralizing antibodies

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National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 42-47页

作者： Ju Zhang Nan Ding Lili Ren Rui Song Danying Chen Xuesen Zhao Budong Chen Junyan Han Jiarui Li yangzi Song Lin Di Kai Han Fengting Yu Ruming Xie Zhihai Chen Wen Xie Jingyuan Liu Shan Cen Yuhai Bi Angela R.Wu Fujie Zhang Chen Chen Hui Zeng Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center Peking University institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE) CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases(CEEID) Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Division of Life Science and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Due to the high transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it continues to infect over 300 000 people worldwide per day(WHO statistics, December 2020), even almost one year after the first COVID-19 cases were confirmed [1,2]. One of the most important public health discussions being undertaken currently concerns the protective nature of the immune response and the possibility of reinfection in recovered individuals.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 reinfection neutralizing antibody

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields prime mesenchymal stem cells to peptide ghrelin and enhance chondrogenesis and osteochondral defect repair in vivo

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第5期65卷 927-939页

作者： Kejia Li Litong Fan Jianjing Lin Boon Chin Heng Zhantao Deng Qiujian Zheng Jue Zhang yangzi Jiang Zigang Ge Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Arthritis Clinical and Research Center Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China Arthritis institute Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking University School of Stomatology Beijing 100081China Department of Orthopedics Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080China institute of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are important cell sources in cartilage tissue development and homeostasis,and multiple strategies have been developed to improve MSCs chondrogenic differentiation with an aim of promoting cartilage *** we report the effects of combining nanosecond pulsed electric fields(ns PEFs) followed by treatment with ghrelin(a hormone that stimulates release of growth hormone) to regulate chondrogenesis of *** PEFs and ghrelin were observed to separately enhance the chondrogenesis of MSCs,and the effects were significantly enhanced when the bioelectric stimulation and hormone were combined,which in turn improved osteochondral tissue repair of these cells within Sprague Dawley *** further found that ns PEFs can prime MSCs to be more receptive to subsequent stimuli of differentiation by upregulated Oct4/Nanog and activated JNK signaling *** initiated chondrogenic differentiation by activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway,and RNA-seq results indicated 243 genes were regulated,and JAK-STAT signaling pathway was ***,the sequential order of applying these two stimuli is critical,with ns PEFs pretreatment followed by ghrelin enhanced chondrogenesis of MSCs in vitro and subsequent cartilage regeneration in vivo,but not vice *** synergistic prochondrogenic effects provide us new insights and strategies for future cell-based therapies.

关键词： mesenchymal stem cells nanosecond pulsed electric fields ghrelin chondrogenic differentiation

Trace elements in volcanic rocks from Yangba Formation, Bikou Group, Qinling area, China——Implications for tectonics

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 44-46页

作者： DING Zhenju~(1,2) and LIU Congqiang~1 1. Open Laboratory of Ore Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China 2. China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China Open Laboratory of Ore Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

YANGBA Formation of Bikou Group is located in south Qinling, a famous orogenic belt separating Chinesecontinent into two parts: North China plate and yangzi plate. The Yangba Formation comprises the maficand felsic volcanic rocks formed in an ancient seafloor environment during the Proterozoic era. The suitesof mafic and felsic volcanic rocks are petrochemically divided into tholeiite and calc-alkaline dacite, respectively, showing characteristics of bimodal volcanic rock mainly by lithology and major element content, and a lack of typical intermediate rocks. These signatures indicate that the volcanic rocks of YangbaFormation were generated in rift tectonics setting. The tholeiites of Yangba Formation are similar in trace element content to mid-ridge basalt, displaying a slight depletion to enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE’s) (La/Yb_n = 0.6-1.4), slightfractionation between LREE (La/Sm_n =0.55-1.14) and HREE (Gd/Lu_n = 1.09-1.50), and relative flat patterns in whole. The decoupling of Eu to its neighboring elements in two samples likely indicates an effect of fractional crystallization in magma evolution. The La-La/Sm, Ni-La, Ni-Th, Ni-Ta,and Ni-Hf diagrams all support a conclusion that the mafic rocks are generated by partial melting pro-

关键词： trace element volcanic rock tectonics setting Bikou Group.

Land Reclamation in the Rhine and yangzi Deltas: An Explorative Comparison, 1600-1800

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2019年第3期12卷 423-455页

作者： Guanmian Xu Leonard Blusse institute for Area Studies Leiden University Lekstraat 112 2314 VJ Leiden The Netherlands Professor Emeritus of History of European-Asian Relations Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands

In the early sixteenth century, the deltas of Rhine and yangzi faced comparable ecological crises, but neither of these riverine societies was deterred by the mounting challenges. They independently developed divergent ways to not only defend against the encroaching water, but also reclaim new land from the *** paper aims to examine the factors in the making of that transformation in these two riverine societies and to ask how they took different paths, why, and what were the implications of that divergence. In asking these questions, particular attention will be paid to the significance of technological and institutional breakthroughs in the Dutch case, such as highly efficient windmills for pumping water, the mapping of cadastral surveys with triangulation, the centralization of power in the local water boards (heem raden), and the involvement of the financial market. In the Chinese case, we focus on the importance of the developing domestic market, the relationship between state and society in local water management, and the formation of unique local land reclamation organizations.

关键词： China Dutch Republic Water management Great Divergence Jiangnan

Determination of Tebuconazole Residue in Apples and Vegetables by Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion-Gas Chromatography

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2013年第7期4卷 26-27,31页

作者： Peng Cao Yunjie Ma Yue Cao Jianyun Wang yangzi Wang Department of Chemical Engineering Taizhou Institute of Technology Nanjing University of Science and Technology Taizhou 225300 China Taizhou institute of Nanjing University of Science and Technology Taizhou 225300 China

[ Objective] The study aimed to determine tebuconazole residue in apples and vegetables using matrix solid phase dispersion-gas chro- matography （MSPD-GC）. [ Method] The effects of extraction and determination conditions on the detection of tebuconazole left in apples and veg- etables were analyzed, and the optimum extraction conditions were determined. [ Result] The recovery rate of tebucenazole was the highest when the ratio of a sample to florisil dispersant was 1 ： 4, and the mixture of hexane and acetone （ 1 ： 1 ） with total volume of 8 ml was as the eluant. Under the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation （RSD） of the method was 4.9% -7.6%, and the detection limit was 0.1 tJg/g, while the re- covery rate of tebuconazole changed from 86.7% to 95. 2% . [ Conclusion] The method was simple, accurate, sensitive and applicable to the de- termination of tebuconazole in aaricultural Droducts.

关键词： Matrix solid phase dispersion Gas chromatography Tebuconazole Apples Vegetables China