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Poly(ethylenimine)-assisted synthesis of hollow carbon spheres comprising multi-sized Ni species for CO_(2)electroreduction

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第9期64卷 66-76页

作者： Kaining Li Yasutaka Kuwahara Hiromi Yamashita Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2‐1 Yamada‐okaOsaka 565‐0871Japan Innovative Catalysis Science Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives(OTRI)Osaka University2‐1 Yamada‐okaSuitaOsaka 565‐0871Japan

Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to produce value-added chemicals and fuels is one of the research hotspots in the field of energy *** development of efficient catalysts with high conductivity and readily accessible active sites for CO_(2)electroreduction remains challenging yet *** this work,a reliable poly(ethyleneimine)(PEI)-assisted strategy is developed to prepare a hollow carbon nanocomposite comprising a single-site Ni-modified carbon shell and confined Ni nanoparticles(NPs)(denoted as Ni@NHCS),where PEI not only functions as a mediator to induce the highly dispersed growth of Ni NPs within hollow carbon spheres,but also as a nitrogen precursor to construct highly active atomically-dispersed Ni-Nx *** from the unique structural properties of Ni@NHCS,the aggregation and exposure of Ni NPs can be effectively prevented,while the accessibility of abundant catalytically active Ni-Nx sites can be *** a result,Ni@NHCS exhibits a high CO partial current density of 26.9 mA cm^(-2)and a Faradaic efficiency of 93.0%at-1.0 V ***,outperforming those of its PEI-free *** from the excellent activity and selectivity,the shell confinement effect of the hollow carbon sphere endows this catalyst with long-term *** findings here are anticipated to help understand the structure-activity relationship in Ni-based carbon catalyst systems for electrocatalytic CO_(2)***,the PEI-assisted synthetic concept is potentially applicable to the preparation of high-performance metal-based nanoconfined materials tailored for diverse energy conversion applications and beyond.

关键词： Hollow carbon sphere Ni nanoparticle CO_(2)reduction Electrocatalysis Single-atom catalyst

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Biodegradability of four phthalic acid esters under anaerobic condition assessed using natural sediment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期18卷 793-796页

作者： Ruttapol Lertsirisopon Satoshi Soda Kazunari Sei Michihiko Ike Masanori Fuj ita Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka Japan.

Biodegradability of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP）, di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP）, and di-isononyl phthalate （DINP） under an anaerobic condition was evaluated using three natural sediment microcosms obtained from ponds in Osaka, which had not been significantly polluted by the chemicals. The degradabilities of the four phthalic acid esters（PAEs） were analyzed by a first-order kinetic model with a lag phase and ranked as DBP〉BBP〉〉DEHP〉DINP. The PAEs with shorter alkyl-chains, DBP and BBP, were degraded with quite short lag phases near to zero and short half-lives of a few days. The PAEs with longer alkyl-chains, DEHP and DINP, were degraded with lag phases of 5-30 d and the quite long half-lives of a couple of hundred days. Although no data was available on the anaerobic biodegradability of D1NP before this study, it was clarified that DINP can be degraded with slow degradation rates. The fact that all the three intact sediments were capable of biodegradation of the PAEs suggests that potential of anaerobic biodegradation of PAEs is widespread in the aquatic environment.

关键词： phthalic acid esters anaerobic biodegradation sediment first-order kinetics

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Present Status and Future Prospects of Laser Fusion Research at ILE Osaka University

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第1期6卷 2179-2184页

作者： K.Mima K.A.Tanaka R.Kodama T.Johzaki H.Nagatomo H.Shiraga Y.Sentoku N.Miyanaga H.Azechi M.Nakai T.Norimatu K.Nagai J.Sunahara K.Nishihara T.Taguchi H.Sakagami Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanInstitute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanSetunan University Neyagawa Osaka JapanHimeji Institute of technology Himeji Hyougo Japan

Reviewed are the present status and future prospects of the laser fusionresearch at the ILE Osaka. The Gekko XII and Peta Watt laser system have been operated forinvestigating the implosion hydrodynamics, fast ignition, and the relativistic laser plasmainteractions and so on. In particular, the fast ignition experiments with cone shell target havebeen in progress as the UK and US-Japan collaboration programs. In the experiments, the implodedhigh density plasmas are heated by irradiating 500 J level peta-watt laser pulse. The thermalneutron yield is found to increase by three orders of magnitude by injecting the peta-watt laserinto the cone shell target. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiment results are also reviewed isthis paper.

关键词： laser fusion present ststus future prospects

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Fog simulation using a mesoscale model in and around the Yodo River Basin,Japan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第7期20卷 838-845页

作者： HIKARI Shimadera KUNDAN Lal Shrestha AKIRA Kondo AKIKAZU Kaga YOSHIO Inoue Graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversityYamada-oka 2-1SuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan.

In this study,fog simulations were conducted using the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) in and around the Yodo River Basin,*** purpose is to investigate the MM5 performance of fog simulation for long-term *** simulations were performed for January,February,March,and July,2005 with a coarse 3-kin and a nested fine 1-km grid domains. Results of the simulations were compared with data from ten meteorological observatories,fog sampling site in ***,and visibility measurem...

关键词： fog simulation the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) model evaluation occurrence of fog liquid water content

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Distance dependence of atomic-resolution near-field imaging on α-Al2O3 （0001） surface with respect to surface photovoltage of silicon probe tip

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Nano Research 2016年第2期9卷 530-536页

作者： Junsuke Yamanishi Takashi Tokuyama Yoshitaka Naitoh Yan Jun Li Yasuhiro Sugawara Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan

Recently, we achieved atomic-resolution optical imaging with near-field scanning optical microscopy using photon-induced force detection. In this technique, the surface photovoltage of the silicon-tip apex induced by the optical near field on the surface is measured as the electrostatic force. We demonstrated atomicresolution imaging of the near field on the α-Al2O3 （0001） surface of a prism. We investigated the spatial distribution of the near field by scanning at different tip-sample distances and found that the atomic corrugation of the near-field signal was observed at greater distances than that of the atomic force microscopy signal. As the tip-sample distance increased, the normalized signal-to-noise ratio of the near field is in a gradual decline almost twice that of the frequency shift （Δf）.

关键词： near-field scanning optical microscopy near field surface photovoltage ci-Al2O3 (0001) force detection

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Novel wide band gap alloyed semiconductors, x(LiGaO_2)_(1/2)-(1-x)ZnO, and fabrication of their thin films

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 111-115页

作者： T. OMATA K. TANAKA A. TAZUKE K. NOSE S. OTSUKA-YAO-MATSUO Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita

Oxide semiconductor alloys of x(LiGaO2)1/2-(1−x)ZnO were fabricated by the solid state reaction between β-LiGaO2 and ZnO and rf-magnetron sputtering. For the solid state reaction, the wurtzite-type single phases were obtained in the composition range of x⩽0.38. The formation range of the alloys was wider than that of the (Mg1−x Zn x )O system, because the β-LiGaO2 possesses a wurtzite-derived structure and approximately the same lattice constants with ZnO. The electrical resistivity and energy band gap of the 0.38(LiGaO2)1/2-0.62ZnO alloyed ceramic were 0.45 Ωcm and 3.7 eV, respectively, at room temperature. For the alloying by sputtering, the films consisting of the wurtzite-type single phase were obtained over the entire composition range of x(LiGaO2)1/2-(1−x)ZnO. The energy band gap was controllable in the range from 3.3 to 5.6 eV. For the as-deposited film fabricated using the 0.4(LiGaO2)1/2-0.6ZnO alloyed ceramic target, the energy band gap was 3.74 eV, and the electrical resistivity, carrier density and the Hall mobility at room temperature were 3.6 Ωcm, 3.4×1017 cm−3 and 5.6 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.

关键词： zinc oxide transparent conductor ultraviolet light band gap engineering oxide electronics

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Abiotic degradation of four phthalic acid esters in aqueous phase under natural sunlight irradiation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 285-290页

作者： Ruttapol Lertsirisopon Satoshi Soda Kazunari Sei Michihiko Ike Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-okaSuita 565-0871 Osaka Japan

Abiotic degradability of four phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the aquatic phase was evaluated over a wide pH range 5-9. The PAE solutions in glass test tubes were placed either in the dark and under the natural sunlight irradiation for evaluating the degradation rate via hydrolysis or photolysis plus hydrolysis, respectively, at ambient temperature for 140 d from autumn to winter in Osaka, Japan. The efficiency of abiotic degradation of the PAEs with relatively short alkyl chains, such as butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP） and di-nbutyl phthalate （DBP）, at neutral pH was significantly lower than that in the acidic or alkaline condition. Photolysis was considered to contribute mainly to the total abiotic degradation at all pH. Neither hydrolysis nor photolysis of di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP） proceeded significantly at any pH, especially hydrolysis at neutral pH was negligible. On the other hand, the degradation rate of di- isononyl phthalate （DINP） catalyzed mainly by photolysis was much higher than those of the other PAEs, and was almost completely removed during the experimental period at pH 5 and 9. As a whole, according to the half-life （t1/2） obtained in the experiments, the abiotic degradability of the PAEs was in the sequence： DINP （32-140 d）〉 DBP （50-360 d）, BBP （58-480 d）〉 DEHP （390-1600 d） under sunlight irradiation （via photolysis plus hydrolysis）. Although the abiotic degradation rates for BBP, DBP, and DEHP are much lower than the biodegradation rates reported, the photolysis rate for DINP is comparable to its biodegradation rate in the acidic or alkaline condition.

关键词： phthalic acid esters abiotic degradation photolysis hydrolysis first-order kinetics

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Low-temperature GaAs-based plasmonic photoconductive terahertz detector with Au nano-islands

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Photonics Research 2020年第9期8卷 1448-1456页

作者： HIRONARU MURAKAMI TOMOYA TAKARADA AND MASAYOSHI TONOUCHI Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-08771Japan

We have fabricated low-temperature grown GaAs(LT-GaAs)-based plasmonic photoconductive antennas by RF sputtering of Au nanoparticles and have evaluated their terahertz detection *** surface plasmon resonance enhances the electric fields near the surface and increases the optical absorption of *** resonance frequency depends on the density of electrons,the effective electron mass,and the size and shape of the ***,we tried to develop a high-sensitivity LT-GaAs photoconductive detector(PCD),which is effective over a wide range of wavelengths,by RF sputtering of Au nano-islands with a variety of aspect ratios from 1.2 to 5.1 on the dipole gap region of the *** a result,we succeeded in increasing the sensitivity by 29%and 40%in the amplitude of observed terahertz pulse for 800 nm and 1560 nm femtosecond laser excitations,respectively.

关键词： photoconductive antennas plasmon

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Impacts of converting from leaded to unleaded gasoline on ambient lead concentrations in Jakarta metropolitan area

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第6期19卷 709-713页

作者： Akira KONDO Esrom HAMONANGAN Satoshi SODA Akikazu KAGA Yoshio INOUE Masaharu EGUCHI Yuta YASAKA Graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversityYamada-oka 2-1Suita Osaka 565-0871Japan Environmental Management Center Komplek PUSPIPTEKJI.RayaPuspiptekSerpong Bantan 15314Indonesia Research Center for Environmental Preservation Osaka University Yamada-oka 2-1SuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

Total suspended particulate mater （TSP） concentrations were monitored for one year from July 2000 and for one year from April 2003 in Jakarta City. Thirteen elemental TSP components, aluminum （Al）, sodium （Na）, iron （Fe）, lead （Pb）, potassium （K）, zinc （Zn）, titanium （Ti）, manganese （Mn）, bromine （Br）, copper （Cu）, chromium （Cr）, nickel （Ni）, and vanadium （V） were analyzed by a sequential X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Al, Na, Fe, K, and Pb were major components at most of the sampling locations in 2000. However, only Pb in 2003 dramatically decreased to one tenth. The phase-out of leaded gasoline began on July 1, 2001 in Jakarta City and lead content in gasoline decreased to one tenth, too. The decrease in Pb concentration was a result of the phase-out of leaded gasoline, as lead emissions mainly are exhaust gas from vehicles.

关键词： TSP concentration lead concentration unleaded gasoline

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Grain refining in weld metal using short-pulsed laser ablation during CW laser welding of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2019年第4期1卷 34-41页

作者： Masaki Kasuga Tomokazu Sano Akio Hirose Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

The 2024 aluminum alloy is used extensively in the aircraft and aerospace industries because of its excellent mechanical ***,the weldability of 2024 aluminum alloy is generally low because it contains a high number of solutes,such as copper(Cu),magnesium(Mg),and manganese(Mn),causing solidification *** high speed welding of 2024 aluminum alloy without the use of filler is achieved,the applicability of 2024 aluminum alloys will *** refining is one of the methods used to prevent solidification cracking in weld metal,although it has never been achieved for high-speed laser welding of 2024 aluminum alloy without ***,we propose a short-pulsed,laser-induced,grain-refining method during continuous wave laser welding without ***-on-plate welding was performed on a 2024-T3 aluminum alloy at a welding speed of 1 m min−1 with a single mode fiber laser at a wavelength of 1070 nm and power of 1 *** in and around the molten pool were irradiated with nanosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of 1064 nm,pulse width of 10 ns,and pulse energy of 430 *** grain-refinement effect was confirmed when laser pulses were irradiated on the molten *** grain-refinement region was formed in a semicircular shape along the solid–liquid *** of the vertical section indicate that the grain-refinement region reached a depth of 1 mm along the solid–liquid *** Vickers hardness test results demonstrated that the hardness increased as a result of grain refinement and that the progress of solidification cracking was suppressed in the grain refinement region.

关键词： 2024 aluminum alloy hot cracking laser welding grain refinement dendrite fragmentation short pulsed laser laser ablation

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