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Safeguarding our future by protecting biodiversity

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 221-228页

作者： Richard T.Corlett Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China

The Anthropocene is marked by twin crises:climate change and biodiversity *** change has tended to dominate the headlines,reflecting,in part,the greater complexity of the biodiversity *** itself is a difficult *** plants dominate the global biomass and terrestrial arthropods probably dominate in terms of numbers of species,but most of the Tree of Life consists of single-celled eukaryotes,bacteria,and *** plants provide a huge variety of products and services to people,ranging from those that are species-specific,such as food,medicine,and genetic resources,to many which are partly interchangeable,such as timber and forage for domestic animals,and others which depend on the whole community,but not on individual species,such as regulation of water supply and carbon *** use of information from remote sensing has encouraged a simplified view of the values of nature's contributions to people,but this does not match the way most people value *** can currently estimate the proportion of species threatened by human impacts only for a few well-assessed groups,for which it ranges from 14%(birds)to 63%(cycads).Less than 8%of land plants have been assessed,but it has been estimated that 30e44%are threatened,although there are still few(0.2%)well-documented *** for improving protection of biodiversity include:improving the inventory,with surveys focused on geographical areas and taxonomic groups which are under-collected;expanding the protected area system and its representativeness;controlling overexploitation;managing invasive species;conserving threatened species ex situ;restoring degraded ecosystems;and controlling climate *** Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)COP15 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)COP26 meetings,both postponed to 2021,will provide an opportunity to address both crises,but success will require high ambition from all participants.

关键词： Anthropocene Climate change Conservation Ecosystem services Values

Overexpression of the stress-induced OsWRKY08 improves osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第24期54卷 4671-4678页

作者： SONG Yu JING ShaoJuan YU DiQiu Key Laboratory of tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Previous Northern blotting analyses of rice seedlings have screened several WRKY genes among the transcripts that are differentially regulated in the following treatments: high salinity, cold stress, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and heat shock. Here, we report characterization of a WRKY gene, OsWRKY08, in rice, which was found to be inducible by PEG, NaCl, Abscisic acid (ABA), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as its ortholog AtWRKY28 in Arabidopsis. To determine whether overexpression of OsWRKY08 alters abiotic stress tolerance, 35S::OsWRKY08 recombinant was generated and transformed into Arabidopsis. Physiological tests indicated that 35S::OsWRKY08 transgenic Arabidopsis displayed increased tolerance to mannitol stress through increasing the lateral root number and primary root length during seeding root development. Further, semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that AtCOR47 and AtRD21, two ABA-independent abiotic stress responded genes, were induced in 35S::OsWRKY08 transgenic plants. These results suggest OsWRKY08 improves the osmotic stress tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis through an ABA-independent signaling pathway.

关键词：转基因拟南芥渗透胁迫应力诱发 Northern杂交 35S启动子非生物胁迫水稻幼苗 WRKY

The tropical-subtropical evergreen forest transition in East Asia:An exploration

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 255-280页

作者： Peter Ashton Hua Zhu Arnold Arboretum Harvard UniversityRoyal Botanic GardensKewUK Center for Integrative Biology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYunnanPR China

The transition from tropical to subtropical(warm temperate)evergreen forests is more clearly apparent in East Asia,fromNepal to the western Pacific coast,than elsewhere in the *** review the nature of this transition and hypothesize the physical,ultimately climatic,factors thatmay maintain it,with a special focus on how the increasing instability and warming of climates will affect these forests.A primary climatic mediator of the transition is proposed,thereby offering a testable hypothesis for the climateeforest transition *** is known of this transition is summarized in context of the primary climatic mediators of elevational zonation of forest formations in equatorial Asia to the tree line,in the Himalaya at the India-Indo-Burma northern tropical margin,and as both elevational and latitudinal zonation in southern *** secondary edaphic and other physical changes are described for the Himalaya,and hypothesized for southern *** forest ecotones are seen to be primarily defined by tree floristic change,on which account changes in structure and physiognomy are *** montane tropical-subtropical transition in the Himalaya is narrowand observed to correlate with an as yet ill-defined frost line.A distinct tropical-subtropical transition forest is recognized in the southwest *** is a total change in canopy species at the Himalayan ecotone,but subcanopy tropical species persist along an elevational decline of c.400 *** latitudinal transition in South China is analogous,but here the tropical subcanopy component extends north over ten degrees latitude,albeit in *** tropical-subtropical transition is uniquely clear in East Asia because here alone a tropical wet summer-dry winter monsoon extends to 35north latitude,encompassing the subtropical evergreen forest,whereas subtropical evergreen forests elsewhere exist under drier temperate summer climate regimes.

关键词： tropical Subtropical Forest transition Ecotone East Asia

Ethiopian vegetation types,climate and topography

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 302-311页

作者： Mengesha Asefa Min Cao Yunyun He Ewuketu Mekonnen Xiaoyang Song Jie Yang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences666303YunnanChina Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational SciencesUniversity of Gondar196GondarEthiopia

Ethiopia is land of geographical contrasts with elevations that range from 125 m below sea level in the Danakil Depression to 4533 m above sea level in the Semien Mountains,a world heritage *** diverse climate of various ecological regions of the country has driven the establishment of diverse vegetation,which range from Afroalpine vegetation in the mountains to the arid and semi-arid vegetation type in the *** formation of Ethiopian vegetation is highly connected to the climate and geological history of the *** uplift and rift formation due to volcanic forces formed novel habitats with different topography and climatic conditions that have ultimately become drivers for vegetation *** to Ethiopia's connection with the temperate biome in the north and the Arabian Peninsula during the dry glacial period,the biotic assemblage of Ethiopian highlands consists of both Afrotropical and palearctic *** general,eight distinct vegetation types have been identified in Ethiopia,based mainly on elevation and climate *** vegetation types host their own unique species,but also share several common *** of the vegetation types are identified as centers of endemism and have subsequently been identified globally as the East African Afromontane *** is biologically rich,with more than 6500 vascular plant *** these species,12%are endemic mainly due to geographical isolation and unique climatic ***,researchers have yet to extensively investigate the ecology,phenology,as well as the evolutionary,genetics,and conservation status of Ethiopian vegetations at community and species level over space and *** lack of research is a barrier to achieving the goal of zero global plant *** extinction risk assessment has not been extensively carried out for majority of Ethiopian *** research is needed to explore how vegetation and species respond to rapidly growing envir

关键词： Elevation Biodiversity Climate Ethiopia Vegetation types Topography

MicroRNA (miR396) negatively regulates expression of ceramidase-like genes in Arabidopsis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第6期19卷 781-785页

作者： Dongmei Liu a,b, Diqiu Yu a, a xishuangbanna tropical botanical garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China b Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China xishuangbanna tropical botanical garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21-23 nucleotide (nt), endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for direct cleavage or translational repression in plants. In Arabidopsis, miR396 is encoded by two different loci (MIR396a and MIR396b) and sequence analysis suggests it may target three ceramidase-like genes (Atceramidase-like 1, Atceramidase-like 2 and Atceramidase-like 3). To demonstrate the biological function of miR396, we inserted the synthetic precursors, MIR396a or MIR396b, under the control of the enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, into a plant transformation vector (pOCA30) and transformed the constructs into Arabidopsis. The promoter increased miR396 levels by more than 2-fold, indicating appropriate maturation of the synthetic precursor MIR396a or MIR396b transcript in transgenic plants. Microarray analysis showed that the transcript levels of two ceramidase-like genes (Atceramidase-like 1, Atceramidase-like 2) were decreased by more than 2-fold and lactosylceramide 4-a-galactosyltransferase increased by more than 2-fold in transgenic plants compared with the empty vector-transformed plants. Northern blot analysis showed that the mRNA levels of the two ceramidase-like genes were significantly reduced in transgenic plants. These results indicated that miR396 probably plays a crucial role in the ceramide metabolism pathway by negatively regulating the expression of ceramidase-like genes in Arabidopsis.

关键词： miR396 miR396 precursor Ceramidase Ceramide

Tibet,the Himalaya,Asian monsoons and biodiversity-In what ways are they related？

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Plant Diversity 2017年第5期39卷 233-244页

作者： Robert A. Spicer Key Laboratory of tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Menglun Yunnan 666303 PR China School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem Sciences The Open University MK7 6AA UK

Prevailing dogma asserts that the uplift of Tibet, the onset of the Asian monsoon system and high biodiversity in southern Asia are linked, and that all occurred after 23 million years ago in the ***, spanning the last 60 million years of Earth history, the geological, climatological and palaeontological evidence for this linkage is reviewed. The principal conclusions are that: 1) A proto-Tibetan highland existed well before the Neogene and that an Andean type topography with surface elevations of at least 4.5 km existed at the start of the Eocene, before final closure of the Tethys Ocean that separated India from Eurasia. 2) The Himalaya were formed not at the start of the India-Eurasia collision, but after much of Tibet had achieved its present elevation. The Himalaya built against a pre-existing proto-Tibetan highland and only projected above the average height of the plateau after approximately 15 Ma. 3)Monsoon climates have existed across southern Asia for the whole of the Cenozoic, and probably for a lot longer, but that they were of the kind generated by seasonal migrations of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone. 4) The projection of the High Himalaya above the Tibetan Plateau at about 15 Ma coincides with the development of the modern South Asia Monsoon. 5) The East Asia monsoon became established in its present form about the same time as a consequence of topographic changes in northern Tibet and elsewhere in Asia, the loss of moisture sources in the Asian interior and the development of a strong winter Siberian high as global temperatures declined. 6) New radiometric dates of palaeontological finds point to southern Asia's high biodiversity originating in the Paleogene, not the Neogene.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Himalaya Uplift history Monsoons Biodiversity Molecular phylogeny

Seed size affects rodent–seed interaction consistently across plant species but not within species:evidence from a seed tracking experiment of 41 tree species

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 930-943页

作者： Si CHEN Li FENG Bo WANG School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan ProvinceChina Ailaoshan Station of Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesJingdongYunnan ProvinceChina Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration(Anhui University) HefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Scatter-hoarding rodents play a crucial role in seed survival and seed *** one of the most important seed traits,seed size and its effect on rodent–seed interaction attract lots of *** studies usually target one or a few species and show inconsistent patterns;however,few experiments include a large number of species although many plant species usually coexist in natural forest and overlap in fruiting ***,we tracked the dispersal and predation of 26100 seeds belonging to 41 tree species in a subtropical forest for 2 *** species showed no relationships between seed size and rodent foraging preference,while the remaining species displayed diverse of patterns:monotonic decrease and increase trends,and hump-shaped and U-shaped patterns,indicating that a one-off study with a few species might give misleading ***,the seed size effect across species was consistent in both years,indicating that including a large number of species that hold a sufﬁcient range of seed size may avoid the aforementioned ***,seed size effect differed among rodent foraging processes:a negative effect on seed harvest,a hump-shaped effect on seed removal and removal distance,while a positive effect on overwinter survival of cached seeds,indicating that rodents may make trade-offs between large and small seeds both among foraging processes and within a single process,thus lead to a parabolic relationship between seed size and seed dispersal success,that is medium-sized seeds were more likely to be removed and cached,and transported with a further distance.

关键词： foraging preference plant–animal interaction scatter-hoarding seed dispersal seed predation

Lianas as structural parasites:A re-evaluation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第4期57卷 307-312页

作者： TANG Yong Roger L.KITCHING CAO Min Key Laboratory of tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China Griffith School of the Environment Griffith UniversityNathanQueensland 4111Australia

Lianas are a principal physiognomic component of tropical and subtropical forests and are typically considered to be parasites of trees. In contrast, the substantial contribution of lianas to rainforest leaf litter production (up to 40%) suggests that they play important roles in nutrient cycles and may benefit their host trees. Lianas contribute disproportionately to total forest litter production at least partially because lianas invest relatively little in support structures and proportionately much more to leaf production when compared with trees. In contrast to tree leaves, liana leaves are higher in nutrient concentrations, relatively short-lived, and decompose more rapidly. In addition, the special life form of lianas allows them to grow vertically and horizontally in the forest and relocate nutrients, mainly towards their host trees, through the production of leaf litter. Consequently, lianas may contribute substantially to the high rainforest productivity, and the roles they play in liana/tree associations and rainforest dynamics needs to be re-evaluated.

关键词：木质藤本植物支撑结构寄生虫重新评价亚热带森林森林凋落物烟叶生产热带雨林

Fluxes of CH4 and N_2O from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in xishuangbanna, Southwest China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期20卷 207-215页

作者： YAN Yuping SHA Liqing CAO Min ZHENG Zheng TANG Jianwei WANG Yinghong ZHANG Yiping WANG Rui LIU Guangren WANG Yuesi SUN Yang xishuangbanna tropical botanical garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduated School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

CH4 and N2O fluxes from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in xishuangbanna, Southwest China were measured for one year using closed static chamber technique and gas chromatography method. Three treatments were set in the studied field：（A） litter-free, （B） with litter, and （C） with litter and seedling. The results showed that the soil in our study was a sink of atmospheric CH4 and source of atmospheric N2O. The observed mean CH4 fluxes from treatments A, B, and C were -50.0 ± 4.0, -35.9 ± 2.8, -31.6 ± 2.8 μgC/（m^2·h）, respectively, and calculated annual fluxes in 2003 were -4.1, -3.1, and -2.9 kgC/hm^2, respectively. The observed mean N2O fluxes from treatments A, B, and C were 30.9 ± 3.1, 28.2 ± 3.5, 50.2±3.7 μgN/（m^2·h）, respectively, and calculated annual fluxes in 2003 were 2.8, 2.6, and 3.7 kgN/hm^2, respectively. Seasonal variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were significant among all the three treatments. The presence of litter decreased CH4 uptake during wet season （P 〈 0.05）, but not during dry season. There was a similar increase in seedlings-mediated N2O emissions during wet and dry seasons, indicating that seedlings increased N2O emission in both seasons. A strong positive relationship existed between CH4 fluxes and soil moisture for all the three treatments, and weak relationship between CH4 fluxes and soil temperature for treatment B and treatment C. The N2O fluxes correlated with soil temperature for all the three treatments.

关键词： global warming greenhouse gases rain forest seasonal variability soil moisture soil temperature