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Electromagnetic characteristic analysis and design of a linear motor used for ultra-high-speed EMS maglev train

Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1957-1973页

作者： GAO Han SHI TingNa GAO XinMai LEI YanXiao YAN Dong GUO LiYan YAN Yan co.lege of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Advanced Electrical Equipment Innovation Center State Key Laboratory of High-speed Maglev Transportation technology crrc Qingdao Sifang co.Ltd.

The operating speed of the co.mercial electromagnetic suspension(EMS) maglev train has been over 430 km/h, making it the fastest means of land transportation. With the increasing demands of people traveling, it is necessary to further improve the operating speed of maglev trains. Aiming to examine whether the existing EMS system can meet the requirements of ultra-highspeed operation(more than 600 km/h), the electromagnetic characteristics of an EMS linear motor under the operating speed of 600–1000 km/h fed by a square-wave voltage supply is investigated in this article. First, an electromagnetic field model of the EMS system under the square-wave voltage supply is established to investigate its electromagnetic performance, e.g., the characteristics of phase current, the magnetic flux density, and the electromagnetic force. Seco.d, the relationship between the harmonic co.ponents of the air-gap magnetic flux density and electromagnetic force is investigated using the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform(2D-FFT) to reveal the mechanism of electromagnetic force ripple. Third, to address the issues of excessive armature current density and significant electromagnetic force ripple, the linear motor is re-designed by enlarging the stator slot area and reshaping the mover's main magnetic poles. Furthermore, the Taguchi method is used to further improve the electromagnetic characteristics of the linear electric motor. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimal design is validated by the finite-element analysis(FEA) based co.simulation.

关键词： ultra-high-speed maglev transportation electromagnetic suspension (EMS) linear motor electromagnetic force ripple suppression

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Method with reliable accuracy and fast speed for measuring operational current of HTS NI closed-loop co.ls in steady persistent-current-mode

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Superco.ductivity 2024年第1期9卷 65-73页

作者： Li Lu Wei Wu Xin Yu Zhuoyan Zhong Kai Li Chengyun Pan Mengzhu Li Zhijian Jin School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityMinghang District200240 ShanghaiPR China Shanghai Superco.ductor technology co. Ltd.Pudong New District201203 ShanghaiPR China crrc Changchun Railway Vehicles co. Ltd.Changchun 130062JilinPR China

This study proposes a method for measuring the operational current of high temperature superco.ducting(HTS)non‐insulation(NI)closed‐loop co.ls,which operate in the steady persistent‐current‐mode(PCM).HTS NI closed‐loop co.ls are promising for many easily‐quenching direct‐current(DC)applications,where their performance is determined by magnetomotive forces,total number of turns,and dimensions.As the primary interface parameter in an application system,the operational current must be accurately and rapidly measured.Generally,this is achieved by dividing the measured magnetic field by the co.l co.stant.However,even if the influence of the screening current induced field(SCIF)is not co.sidered,existing methods for the co.l co.stant may be disturbed by the performance and location of Hall sensors,or experience a long measuring period.Therefore,a relatively accurate and fast method is proposed in this study,which is based on adjusting the output current of the adjustable power supply and monitoring the co.l voltage as an indicator.The proposed method was validated through experiments and simulations using an equivalent circuit model co.pled with a finite element method(FEM)model,and its current accuracy can be equivalent to the resolution of the employed power supply.It was demonstrated that this method reduced the requirements for Hall sensor’s performance and location,and has a more reliable accuracy in co.trast to the simulation method.co.pared to the experimentally co.ventional method,the proposed method presents a significantly faster speed.The impact of the SCIF was co.sidered and proven to be negligible for the tested pancake co.ls.Even for co.ls whose co.l co.stant vibrates owing to the SCIF,this method can be adapted to directly measure various operational currents.Furthermore,it was demonstrated that the measurement error can be influenced by the current discrepancy among turns when the co.l is not in the steady PCM,and a procedure for reducing this error was proposed.

关键词： Operational current HTS NI closed‐loop co.ls Measurement method Adjustable power supply co.l voltage

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Reliability evaluation of IGBT power module on electric vehicle using big data

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Journal of Semico.ductors 2024年第5期45卷 50-60页

作者： Li Liu Lei Tang Huaping Jiang Fanyi Wei Zonghua Li Changhong Du Qianlei Peng Guocheng Lu The School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China The Deepal Automobile technology co. Ltd.Chongqing 400023China

There are challenges to the reliability evaluation for insulated gate bipolar transistors(IGBT)on electric vehicles,such as junction temperature measurement,co.putational and storage resources.In this paper,a junction temperature estimation approach based on neural network without additional co.t is proposed and the lifetime calculation for IGBT using electric vehicle big data is performed.The direct current(DC)voltage,operation current,switching frequency,negative thermal co.fficient thermistor(NTC)temperature and IGBT lifetime are inputs.And the junction temperature(T_(j))is output.With the rain flow co.nting method,the classified irregular temperatures are brought into the life model for the failure cycles.The fatigue accumulation method is then used to calculate the IGBT lifetime.To solve the limited co.putational and storage resources of electric vehicle co.trollers,the operation of IGBT lifetime calculation is running on a big data platform.The lifetime is then transmitted wirelessly to electric vehicles as input for neural network.Thus the junction temperature of IGBT under long-term operating co.ditions can be accurately estimated.A test platform of the motor co.troller co.bined with the vehicle big data server is built for the IGBT accelerated aging test.Subsequently,the IGBT lifetime predictions are derived from the junction temperature estimation by the neural network method and the thermal network method.The experiment shows that the lifetime prediction based on a neural network with big data demonstrates a higher accuracy than that of the thermal network,which improves the reliability evaluation of system.

关键词： IGBT junction temperature neural network electric vehicles big data

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On the electric behaviour of co.ductive grease inside the co.tact zone

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 683-697页

作者： Yuxin ZHOU Jinjie LIU Xinming LI He CHONG Bo HAN Qinghua BAI SKF(Shanghai)Automotive Technologies co. Ltd.Shanghai 201814China School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266250China

co.ductive grease has been co.sidered as a potential solution in addressing electric erosion issue inside motor bearings.Understanding the co.ductive grease performance,especially the electric and tribological behaviour is crucial for its application.This paper co.bines bulk grease characterization and co.tact film study co.sidering both electrical and tribological loading co.ditions.The results show that the electric performance for the selected co.ductive grease sample is electric field dependent,including both frequency and voltage amplitude.Its film impedance inside the co.tact area is closely related to the external electric field,running co.dition,and lubrication regime.The following film impedance calculation tells that not only bulk grease electric parameters,but the co.tact parameter,lubricant film co.tour and lubrication co.dition should be co.sidered when performing the overall bearing electrical modelling.

关键词： Electric erosion lubricant co.ductivity grease film impedance

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Remaining useful life prediction for train bearing based on an ILSTM network with adaptive hyperparameter optimization

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第2期6卷 75-86页

作者： Deqiang He Jingren Yan Zhenzhen Jin Xueyan Zou Sheng Shan Zaiyu Xiang Jian Miao State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for co.posite Structures Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System&Advanced Manufacturing Tec hnologySc hool of Mec hanical EngineeringGuangxi Univ ersityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Zhuzhou crrc Times Electric co. Ltd.Zhuzhou 412001HunanChina

Remaining useful life(RUL)prediction for bearing is a significant part of the maintenance of urban rail transit trains.Bearing RUL is closely linked to the reliability and safety of train running,but the current prediction accuracy makes it difficult to meet the re-quirements of high reliability operation.Aiming at the problem,a prediction model based on an improved long short-term memory(ILSTM)network is proposed.Firstly,the variational mode deco.position is used to process the signal,the intrinsic mode function with stronger representation ability is determined acco.ding to energy entropy and the degradation feature data is co.structed co.-bined with the time domain characteristics.Then,to improve learning ability,a rectified linear unit(ReLU)is applied to activate a fully co.nected layer lying after the long short-term memory(LSTM)network,and the hidden state outputs of the layer are weighted by attention mechanism.The Harris Hawks optimization algorithm is introduced to adaptively set the hyperparameters to improve the performance of the LSTM.Finally,the ILSTM is applied to predict bearing RUL.Through experimental cases,the better perfor-mance in bearing RUL prediction and the effectiveness of each improving measures of the model are validated,and its superiority of hyperparameters setting is demonstrated.

关键词： train bearing remaining useful life prediction long short-term memory(LSTM) attention mechanism Harris Hawks op-timization(HHO)

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A Multiscale Reliability-Based Design Optimization Method for Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced co.posite Drive Shafts

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co.puter Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1975-1996页

作者： Huile Zhang Shikang Li Yurui Wu Pengpeng Zhi Wei Wang Zhonglai Wang Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou313001China Huzhou Key Laboratory of Green Energy Materials and Battery Cascade Utilization Huzhou CollegeHuzhou313000China SAIC motor co.poration Limited Passenger Vehicle co. Shanghai201804China School ofMechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China

Carbon fiber co.posites,characterized by their high specific strength and low weight,are beco.ing increasingly crucial in automotive lightweighting.However,current research primarily emphasizes layer co.nt and orientation,often neglecting the potential of microstructural design,co.straints in the layup process,and performance reliability.This study,therefore,introduces a multiscale reliability-based design optimization method for carbon fiber-reinforced plastic(CFRP)drive shafts.Initially,parametric modeling of the microscale cell was performed,and its elastic performance parameters were predicted using two homogenization methods,examining the impact of fluctuations in microscale cell parameters on co.posite material performance.A finite element model of the CFRP drive shaft was then co.structed,achieving parameter transfer between microscale and macroscale through Python programming.This enabled an investigation into the influence of both micro and macro design parameters on the CFRP drive shaft’s performance.The Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization(MOPSO)algorithm was enhanced for particle generation and updating strategies,facilitating the resolution of multi-objective reliability optimization problems,including co.posite material layup process co.straints.Case studies demonstrated that this approach leads to over 30%weight reduction in CFRP drive shafts co.pared to metallic co.nterparts while satisfying reliability requirements and offering insights for the lightweight design of other vehicle co.ponents.

关键词： Multiscale reliability-based design optimization carbon-fabric-reinforced co.posite drive shaft

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Torque effect on vibration behavior of high-speed train gearbox under internal and external excitations

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 229-243页

作者： Yue Zhou Xi Wang Hongbo Que Rubing Guo Xinhai Lin Siqin Jin Chengpan Wu Yu Hou School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China crrc Qishuyan Institute co. Ltd.No.258Wuyi RoadQishuyanChangzhou 213011China Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

The high-speed train transmission system,experiencing both the internal excitation originating from gear meshing and the external excitation originating from the wheel-rail interaction,exhibits co.plex dynamic behavior in the actual service environment.This paper focuses on the gearbox in the high-speed train to carry out the bench test,in which various operat-ing co.ditions(torques and rotation speeds)were set up and the excitation co.dition co.ering both internal and external was created.Acceleration responses on multiple positions of the gearbox were acquired in the test and the vibration behavior of the gearbox was studied.Meanwhile,a stochastic excitation modal test was also carried out on the test bench under different torques,and the modal parameter of the gearbox was identified.Finally,the sweep frequency response of the gearbox under gear meshing excitation was analyzed through dynamic modeling.The results showed that the torque has an attenuating effect on the amplitude of gear meshing frequency on the gearbox,and the effect of external excitation on the gearbox vibration cannot be ignored,especially under the rated operating co.dition.It was also found that the torque affects the modal param-eter of the gearbox significantly.The torque has a great effect on both the gear meshing stiffness and the bearing stiffness in the transmission system,which is the inherent reason for the changed modal characteristics observed in the modal test and affects the vibration behavior of the gearbox co.sequently.

关键词： High-speed train Gearbox Bench test Vibration behavior Modal identification

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Intelligent Network-co.nected New Energy Vehicle technology and Application Under the Dual-Carbon Strategy

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Proceedings of Business and Eco.omic Studies 2024年第2期7卷 79-83页

作者： Honghong Xiao JMCG Jingma motor co. Ltd.Nanchang 330001China

In responding to the“dual carbon”strategy,intelligent networked new energy vehicle technology plays a crucial role.This type of vehicle co.bines the advantages of new energy technology and intelligent network technology,effectively reduces carbon emissions in the transportation sector,improves energy utilization efficiency,and co.tributes to the green transportation system through intelligent transportation management and co.laborative work between vehicles,making significant co.tributions.This article aims to explore the development of intelligent network-co.nected new energy vehicle technology and applications under the dual-carbon strategy and lay the foundation for the future development direction of the automotive industry.

关键词： Dual carbon strategy Intelligent network co.nection New energy vehicles

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Progress on the glassy-crystal laminates:From design,microstructure to deformation and future solutions

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2024年第5期172卷 113-144页

作者： Yu Chen Ronggao Cui Jun Shen Gang Wang co.lege of Mechatronics and co.trol Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China co.lege of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of motor Design Business Weichai New Energy Technology Co.Ltd.Weifang 261061China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic co.trol and Intelligent Robots Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Laboratory for Microstructures Institute of MaterialsShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

The development of new design strategies to create innovative structural materials,refine existing ones,and achieves co.patible co.binations of strength and plasticity remains a worldwide goal.Promising alloys,such as shape memory alloys(SMAs),bulk metallic glasses(BMGs),high entropy alloys(HEAs),and heterogeneous pure metals such as Cu,have excellent mechanical responses,but they still fall short of meeting all the requirements of structural materials due to specific flaws,such as lack of tensile de-formation for BMGs and low yielding strength for HEAs.To address these shortco.ings,proposals such as integrating glassy matrices and crystallized alloys,such as HEAs/SMAs,have been suggested.However,these solutions have unresolved issues,such as the challenging co.trol of B2 phase formation in BMG co.posites.Recently,glass-crystal(A/C)laminated alloys with alternating layers have been reported to exhibit improved mechanical properties and activated work-hardening behaviors,but they still face press-ing issues such as bonding interfaces and unknown deformation mechanisms.This review focuses on design routes such as the selection of alloy co.ponents and processing techniques,exploration of micro-structural evolution and deformation modes with an increase in strain,and future solutions to address pressing and unsolved issues.These prominent advantages include diversified deformation mechanisms,such as deformation twinning,martensitic phase transformation,and precipitation hardening,as well as tuned interactive reactions of shear bands(SBs)near the A/C interfaces.Thus,this review provides a promising pathway to design and develop structural materials in the materials field co.munity.

关键词： Glassy-crystal laminates Bulk metallic glasses High entropy alloys Shape memory alloys Microstructure Deformation mechanisms Future solutions

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Winding Function Theory Based Thrust Calculation on Nested-loop Seco.dary Linear Machine Adapted to Linear Metro

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2023年第2期7卷 153-162页

作者： Yaping Zhang Jian Ge Wei Xu Hao Tang Yang Gao Xiaoliang Chen Shihu Su Zhen Bao the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China IEEE xiangyang crrc motor technology co. Ltd.Xiangyang 441000China crrc Zhuzhou Institute co. Ltd.Zhuzhou 412001China Guangzhou Metro Group co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510330China the Zhuzhou crrc Times Electric co. Ltd.and CRRC Zhuzhou Motor Co.Ltd.Zhuzhou 412001China

With advantages of strong drive capability,nested-loop seco.dary linear machine(NLS-LM)has great potentiality in linear metro.For its seco.dary structure with multiple loops,it is difficult to calculate the electromagnetic thrust of NLS-LM reasonably.Hence,in this paper,one thrust calculation method is proposed co.sidering variable loop inductance and transient loop current.Firstly,to establish the seco.dary winding function,the modeling domain is co.fined to a limited range,and the equivalent loop span is employed by analyzing the co.pling relationship between primary and seco.dary.Then,in order to obtain the seco.dary flux density,the transient seco.dary current is solved based on the loop impedance and induced voltage.Finally,the electromagnetic thrust can be calculated reasonably by the given primary current sheet and the calculated seco.dary flux density.co.prehensive simulations and experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Nested-loop seco.dary Linear metro Electro-magnetic thrust Finite element algorithm(FEA) Transient nested-loop current Winding function

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