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Variable retention harvesting in Great Lakes mixed-pine forests: emulating a natural model in managed ecosystems

Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 210-224页

作者： Brian J.Palik Anthony W.D’Amato USDA Forest service Northern Research StationGrand RapidsMN 55744USA Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05095USA.

Variable retention harvesting(VRH)systems have gained wide use in many different forest types across the globe,but largely have been implemented in forests characterized by severe,infrequent disturbance *** has been less attention given to developing VRH approaches in forests that are characterized as having a mixed-severity disturbance regime that often results in only partial mortality of canopy trees in spatially heterogeneous *** example of such a forest type is red pine(Pinus resinosa Ait.)-dominated ecosystem of the western Great Lakes region of North *** purpose of this review is to provide a conceptual foundation for developing VRH approaches in red pine ecosystems that are based on a mixed-severity disturbance *** contention is that red pine forests managed following a natural model are more resilient to disturbances and external threats such as climate *** the red pine ecosystem,VRH application should reflect the often severe,but partial canopy removal from natural disturbance that is characteristic of this ecosystem and that results in more than trivial numbers of surviving overstory trees across a range of spatial configurations in regenerating *** live trees should span a range of diameters,but favor the larger end of the diameter distribution,as this reflects the likely pattern of survival after natural disturbance and is often a key structural element lacking from managed *** should be applied in ways that vary the spatial pattern of legacy trees in and among stands,but largely in ways that reflect the pattern of spatially patchy canopy structure,with large openings surrounded by a less disturbed matrix,as occurs with a natural disturbance *** trees and deadwood structures should reflect the composition of the pre-disturbance forest,including species in addition to dominant red ***,retained structures should be viewed as dynamic entities that grow,die,and decay and that need

关键词： Red pine Mixed-severity Variable retention Natural disturbance

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Comparative morphometric and chemical analyses of phenotypes of two invasive ambrosia beetles （Euwallacea spp.） in the United States

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 647-662页

作者： Yigen Chen Paul L. Dallara Lori J. Nelson Tom W. Coleman Stacy M. Hishinuma Daniel Carrillo Steven J. Seybold Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis USA USDA Forest service Pacific Southwest Research Station Davis USDA Forest service Forest Health Protection San Bemardino California USA Tropical Research and Education Center University of Florida Homestead Florida USA

The polyphagous shot hole borer （PSHB）, Euwallacea sp., was first detected in 2003 in Los Angeles County, California, USA. Recently, this invasive species has become a major pest of many hardwood trees in urban and wildland forests throughout southern California. PSHB is nearly identical in morphology and life history to the tea shot hole borer （TSHB）, Euwallaceafornicatus, an invasive pest of hardwoods in Florida, USA and many other parts of the world. However, molecular studies have suggested that the taxa are different species. We conducted morphometric and chemical analyses of the pheno- types of Euwallacea sp. collected in southern California （Los Angeles County） and E. fornicatus collected in Florida （Miami-Dade County）. Our analyses indicated that PSHB has 3 larval instars. The third larval instar was separated from the first 2 instars by head capsule width with 0 probability of misclassification. The body length, head width, and pronotal width of PSHB adult males were significantly less than those of females. Head width and pronotal width of female PSHB were significantly less than those of female TSHB. In contrast, body length, and ratio of body length to pronotal width of female PSHB were significantly greater than those of female TSHB. However, females of these 2 species could not be separated completely by these 4 measurements because of the overlapping ranges. Cuticular hydrocarbons detected in both species were exclusively alkanes （i.e., n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, and trimethylalkanes）. Cuticular hydro- carbon profiles of PSHB males and females were similar, but they both differed from that of TSHB females. Cuticular hydrocarbons of PSHB were predominantly internally branched dimethylalkanes with backbones of 31 and 33 carbons, whereas cuticular hydro- carbons of TSHB females were dominated by internally branched monomethylalkanes and dimethylalkanes with backbones of 28 and 29 carbons. Multiple compounds within these classes appear

关键词： cuticular hydrocarbons Euwallaceafornicatus larval instars polyphagousshot hole borer Scolytidae tea shot hole borer

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Pedigree analysis of nationally approved soybean cultivars from 1984 to 2013 and implications for breeding

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Oil Crop Science 2016年第4期1卷 30-39页

作者： Zhonglu Yang Xiaomin Guan Yanqin He Zhihui Shan Dezhen Qiu Xiaojuan Zhang Limiao Chen Chanjuan Zhang Songli Yuan Shuilian Chen Qingnan Hao Haifeng Chen Xin'an Zhou Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improrement of Oil crops Ministry of Agriculture Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China National Extension and service Center of Agricultural Technology Beijing China

To reveal origins of 316 state authorized varieties from 1984 to 2013, rules of their parentsJ selection including types and hybrid configurations of direct parents, geo-graphical sources and types of their ancestors were analyzed. Various important direct parents and ancestors were summarized and nuclear contribution of ancestors was also estimated by pedigree analysis. Among 316 registered cultivars, 298 （94.3%） were bred by hybridization, and most of their direct parents were cultivars or breeding lines （65.5%）. Cultivars and breeding lines were mostly used as female parents, with 53.0% and 38.7% respectively. The 316 released cultivars were traced to 373 final ancestors, mainly com-posed of landraces （55.5%） and breeding lines （36.7%）. The 373 final ancestors came from different regions, including 121 from northern area, 110 from Huang-Huai-Hai area, 53 from southern area and 76 from abroad. These ancestors were mainly from the same ecologic zone as the approved cultivars. Newly approved cultivars always have more ancestors and a broader genetic base. However, distribution of these ancestors was unbalanced, and a few ancestors provided significant genetic contributions to later generations, such as the most concentrated final ancestors from Huang-Huai-Hai region followed by northern and southern regions. These results offer more information regarding their important parents and provide valuable references to soybean breeding. We should increase soybean germplasm exchanges with different regions and make use of elite lines, foreign cultivars and wild soybean germplasm to broaden the genetic background.

关键词： soybean uniform test nationally approved cultivars pedigree analysis direct parent ancestor genetic base

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Whole-genome sequencing provides insights into the genetic diversity and domestication of bitter gourd(Momordica spp.)

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1758-1768页

作者： Junjie Cui Yan Yang Shaobo Luo Le Wang Rukui Huang Qingfang Wen Xiaoxia Han Nansheng Miao Jiaowen Cheng Ziji Liu Changyuan Zhang Chengcheng Feng Haisheng Zhu Jianwen Su Xinjian Wan Fang Hu Yu Niu Xiaoming Zheng Yulan Yang Dai Shan Zhensheng Dong Weiming He Narinder P.S.Dhillon Kailin Hu College of Horticulture South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(South China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs510642 GuangzhouChina Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences571737 DanzhouChina vegetable Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences510640 GuangzhouChina BGI Genomics BGI-Shenzhen518083 ShenzhenChina vegetable Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences530007 NanningChina Crop Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences350013 FuzhouChina Institute of vegetable Research Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences410125 ChangshaChina Institute of vegetables and Flowers Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences330200 NanchangChina World vegetable Center East and Southeast AsiaResearch and Training StationKasetsart UniversityKamphaeng SaenNakhon Pathom 73140Thailand

Bitter gourd(Momordica charantia)is a popular cultivated vegetable in Asian and African *** reveal the characteristics of the genomic structure,evolutionary trajectory,and genetic basis underlying the domestication of bitter gourd,we performed whole-genome sequencing of the cultivar Dali-11 and the wild small-fruited line TR and resequencing of 187 bitter gourd germplasms from 16 *** major gene clusters(Bi clusters)for the biosynthesis of cucurbitane triterpenoids,which confer a bitter taste,are highly conserved in cucumber,melon,and *** analysis among cucurbit genomes revealed that the Bi cluster involved in cucurbitane triterpenoid biosynthesis is absent in bitter *** analysis revealed that the TR group,including 21 bitter gourd germplasms,may belong to a new species or subspecies independent from ***,we found that the remaining 166 *** germplasms are geographically differentiated,and we identified 710,412,and 290 candidate domestication genes in the South Asia,Southeast Asia,and China populations,*** study provides new insights into bitter gourd genetic diversity and domestication and will facilitate the future genomics-enabled improvement of bitter gourd.

关键词： insight cluster Whole

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LsAP2 regulates leaf morphology by inhibiting CIN-like TCP transcription factors and repressing LsKAN2 in lettuce

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2600-2614页

作者： Chen Luo Shenglin Wang Kang Ning Zijing Chen Yixin Wang Jingjing Yang Qian Wang Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected vegetable crops Department of Vegetable ScienceCollege of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Leaf size and flatness directly affect photosynthesis and are closely related to agricultural *** final leaf size and shape are coordinately determined by cell proliferation,differentiation,and expansion during leaf ***(Lactuca sativa L.)is one of the most important leafy vegetables worldwide,and lettuce leaves vary in shape and ***,the molecular mechanisms of leaf development in lettuce are largely *** this study,we showed that the lettuce APETALA2(LsAP2)gene regulates leaf ***2 encodes a transcriptional repressor that contains the conserved EAR motif,which mediates interactions with the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED(JPL/TPR)*** of LsAP2 led to small and crinkly leaves,and many bulges were seen on the surface of the leaf ***2 physically interacted with the CINCINNATA(CIN)-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR(TCP)transcription factors and inhibited their transcriptional activation *** sequencing analysis showed that LsAP2 affected the expression of auxin-and polarity-related *** addition,LsAP2 directly repressed the abaxial identity gene KANAD12(LsKAN2).Together,these results indicate that LsAP2 regulates leaf morphology by inhibiting CIN-like TCP transcription factors and repressing LsKAN2,and our work provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of leaf development in lettuce.

关键词： inhibiting inhibited Together

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Attenuation of ethylene signaling increases cotton resistance to a defoliating strain of Verticillium dahliae

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作物学报：英文版 2023年第1期11卷 89-98页

作者： Tianyi Wang Muhammad Shaban Junhui Shi Weiran Wang Shiming Liu Xinhui Nie Yu Yu Jie Kong Steven J.Klosterman Xianlong Zhang Alifu Aierxi Longfu Zhu National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agricu Institute of Economic crops Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesKuqa 842000XinjiangChina Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of the Xinjiang Production and Construction crops College of AgronomyShihezi UniversityShihezi 832000XinjiangChina Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural&Reclamation Sciences Shihezi 832000XinjiangChina United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceSalinasCA 93905USA

The severity of Verticillium wilt on cotton caused by defoliating strains of Verticillium dahliae has gradually increased and threatens production worldwide. Identification of the molecular components of leaf defoliation may increase cotton tolerance to V. dahliae. Ethylene, a major player in plant physiological processes, is often associated with senescence and defoliation of plants. We investigated the cotton–*** interaction with a focus on the role of ethylene in defoliation and defense against V. *** plants inoculated with V. dahliae isolate V991, a defoliating strain, accumulated more ethylene and showed increased disease symptoms than those inoculated with a non-defoliating strain. In cotton with a transiently silenced ethylene synthesis gene(GhACOs) and signaling gene(GhEINs) during cotton–V. dahliae interaction, ethylene produced was derived from cotton and more ethylene increased cotton susceptibility and defoliation rate. Overexpression of AtCTR1, a negative regulator in ethylene signaling, in cotton reduced sensitivity to ethylene and increased plant resistance to V. ***, the results indicated precise regulation of ethylene synthesis or signaling pathways improve cotton resistant to Verticillium wilt.

关键词： Cotton Verticillium dahilae Ethylene Defoliation

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Effects of phenolic acids on soil nitrogen mineralization over successive rotations in Chinese fir plantations

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 303-311页

作者： Long-Chi Chen Xin Guan Qing-Kui Wang Qing-Peng Yang Wei-Dong Zhang Si-Long Wang Huitong Experimental station of Forest Ecology Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016People’s Republic of China Hunan Key Laboratory for Structure and Ecosystem service of Subtropical Forest Huitong National Research Station of Forest EcosystemHuitong 418307People’s Republic of China

Phenolic acids are secondary metabolites of plants that significantly affect nutrient cycling *** investigate such effects,the soil available nitrogen(N)content,phenolic acid content,and net N mineralization rate in three successive rotations of Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China were *** N mineralization and nitrification rates in soils treated with phenolic acids were measured in an ex situ *** with first-rotation plantations(FCP),the contents of total soil nitrogen and nitrate in second(SCP)-and third-rotation plantations(TCP)decreased,and that of soil ammonium *** net N mineralization rates in the second-and third-rotation plantations also increased by 17.8%and 39.9%,*** contrast,soil net nitrification rates decreased by 18.0%and 25.0%,*** concentrations of total phenolic acids in the FCP soils(123.22±6.02 nmol g^-1)were 3.0%and 17.9%higher than in the SCP(119.68±11.69 nmol g^-1)and TCP(104.51±8.57 nmol g^-1,respectively).The total content of phenolic acids was significantly correlated with the rates of net soil N mineralization and net *** ex situ experiment showed that the net N mineralization rates in soils treated with high(HCPA,0.07 mg N kg^-1 day^-1)and low(LCPA,0.18 mg N kg^-1 day^-1)concentrations of phenolic acids significantly decreased by 78.6%and 42.6%,respectively,comparing with that in control(0.32 mg N kg^-1 day^-1).Soil net nitrification rates under HCPA and LCPA were significantly higher than that of the *** results suggested that low contents of phenolic acids in soil over successive rotations increased soil net N mineralization rates and decreased net nitrification rates,leading to consequent reductions in the nitrate content and enhancement of the ammonium content,then resulting in enhancing the conservation of soil N of successive rotations in Chinese fir plantation.

关键词： Secondary metabolics Nitrogen cycle Chinese fir Vanillin Vanillic acid p-Hydroxybenzoic acid

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Response of seed yield and fatty acid compositions for some sunflower genotypes to plant spacing and nitrogen fertilization

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2017年第3期4卷 241-252页

作者： Mohamed Ali Abd EL-Satar Asmaa Abd-EL-Halime Ahmed Tamer Hassan Ali Hassan Oil crops Research Department Field Crops Research InstituteAgricultural Research Center9 El-Gamaa St.GizaEgypt

A field experiment was conducted at the experiment Farm of Kafr-El-Hamam Research station,Zagazig,Sharkia Governorate,Agricultural Research Center,Egypt during the two successive summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 to achieve the highest yield and good oil quality of three tested sunflower *** both seasons,the experiment was conducted using the split split plot design in randomized complete block design with three replicates arrangement keeping plant spaces(15,20 and 25 cm apart between hills)in main plots,nitrogen fertilization levels(15,30 and 45 N fad.^-1)in sub plots and sunflower genotypes(Giza 102,Sakha 53 and promising line of L120)in sub sub *** and quality traits were significantly influenced by plant spaces,nitrogen fertilization levels and genotypes as well as interactions in both seasons and their combined *** wider plant spacing of 25 cm seems to be a good compromise between the highest seed yield fad.^-1 and good acid composition of *** increasing of nitrogen fertilization level had a positive reflected on yield and desirable acid composition of *** 53 was ranked in the first order in stem diameter,head diameter,100-seed weight,seed weight plant^-1,flowered late and hence seed yield fad.^-1 as well as seed oil content whereas,Giza 102 characterized with its contained the highest proportion of oleic and linoleic unsaturated fatty *** highest values of head diameter,100-seed weight,seed weight plant^-1 and hence seed yield fad.^-1 as well as the highest proportion of oleic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids composition were obtained by grown sunflower *** 53 at wider spacing of 25 cm with application of nitrogen fertilization levels of 45 N fad.^-*** and path analyses revealed that 100-seed weight and head diameter had the highest direct and indirect influence on seed weight plant1,at the same time also,oleic acid content and linoleic acid content had the highest direct and indirect effect inf

关键词： Sunflower Plant spacing Nitrogen fertilization Genotypes Seed yield Fatty acids

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Application of CRISPR/Cas12i.3 for targeted mutagenesis in broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第8期66卷 1544-1547页

作者： Yuhe Bai Shengnan Liu Yan Bai Zhisong Xu Hainan Zhao Haiming Zhao Jinsheng Lai Ya Liu Weibin Song State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding Key Laboratory of Genome Editing Research and ApplicationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingNational Maize Improvement CenterCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China National Agricultural Technology Extension&service Center Beijing 100125China Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China

As the global human population continues to grow and is predicted to reach 10 billion by 2050,the demand for food volume and quality raises a tremendous challenge(OECD/FAO,2017).The worldwide arable land area is decre... 详细信息

关键词： arable continue raise

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Glycosylated and Non-glycosylated Apigenin Inhibits Vegetative Morphogenesis,Zoosporogenesis,and Virulence of Phytophthora capsici

Glycosylated and Non-glycosylated Apigenin Inhibits Vegetati...

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中国植物病理学会2024年学术年会

作者： LI Linying LI Fenqi SHI Ruqi QIU Xiang LAI Bingting GUO Hengyuan LIU Wenbo Justice Norvienyeku Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests Ministry of EducationSchool of Tropical Agriculture and ForestryHainan University Danzhou Invasive Species Observation and Research station of Hainan Province Hainan University

Apigenins are a group of naturally occurring biologically active plant flavonoids that mainly accumulate in *** studies have reported the accumulation of apigenin in fruit and vegetable crops,including Apium graveolenss (celery),Cynara scolymus(artichoke),and Petroselinum crispum(parsley) in the glycosylated state,the generation and accumulation of apigenin in Capsicum annum(pepper) have been ***,while previous studies have linked apigenin-mediated progression of apoptosis to the suppression of cancer and tumors in animals,the likely anti-microbial effects of glycosylated and non-glycosylated apigenin against phytopathogenicoomycetes,specifically Phytophthora capsici have not been ***-targeted metabolomics profiling of three pepper cultivars,including HNUCB0081(highly susceptible),HNUCB0226(moderately resistant),and XIAO ZHOU PI (completely resistant) pepper cultivars challenged with ***,revealed the exclusive accumulation of apigenin and apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucoside in all three pepper cultivars during *** infection in a trend that corresponds to the resistant capabilities of the i-ndividual pepper *** the same time,targeted metabolomics analysis confirmed that pepper seedlings undergo metabolomics reprogramming that generates and accumulates apigenin and apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucoside in response to P capsici ***,we demonstrated that exogenous supplementation culture medium with apigenin,apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucoside,and a combination of apigenin and apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucoside significantly suppressed vegetative growth,and sporulation and *** from scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy examinations revealed collapsing of hyphae,nuclear condensation,and increasing incidences of liposome formation in the vegetative hyphae of *** treated with apigenin and apigenin-7-o-β-*** the first time,we report the generation of apigenin and apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucoside

关键词： Apigenin Phytophthora capsici Apoptosis Pathogen-host interaction Green prevention

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