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Detection of a temporal salient object benefits from visual stimulus-specific adaptation in avian midbrain inhibitory nucleus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 288-306页

作者： Jiangtao WANG Xiaoping RAO Shuman HUANG Zhizhong WANG Xiaoke NIU Minjie ZHU Songwei WANG Li SHI Department of Automation Zhengzhou University School of Electrical EngineeringZhengzhouChina State Key Laboratory of magnetic resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics National Center for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanKey Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological SystemsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Food and predators are the most noteworthy objects for the basic survival of wild animals,and both are often deviant in both spatial and temporal domains and quickly attract an animal’s *** stimulus-specific adaptation(SSA)is considered a potential neural basis of salient sound detection in the temporal domain,related research on visual SSA is limited and its relationship with temporal saliency is *** avian nucleus isthmi pars magnocellularis(Imc),which is central to midbrain selective attention network,is an ideal site to investigate the neural correlate of visual SSA and detection of a salient object in the time ***,the constant order paradigm was applied to explore the visual SSA in the Imc of *** results showed that the firing rates of Imc neurons gradually decrease with repetitions of motion in the same direction,but recover when a motion in a deviant direction is presented,implying visual SSA to the direction of a moving ***,enhanced response for an object moving in other directions that were not presented ever in the paradigm is also *** verify the neural mechanism underlying these phenomena,we introduced a neural computation model involving a recoverable synaptic change with a“center-surround”pattern to reproduce the visual SSA and temporal saliency for the moving *** results suggest that the Imc produces visual SSA to motion direction,allowing temporal salient object detection,which may facilitate the detection of the sudden appearance of a predator.

关键词： adaptation attention model pigeon saliency

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Chronic sleep deprivation induces alterations in DNA and RNA modifications by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第8期35卷 413-417页

作者： Tian Feng Yun-Ling Gao Di Hu Ke-Yu Yuan Shu-Yi Gu Yao-Hua Gu Si-Yu Yu Jun Xiong Yu-Qi Feng Jie Wang Bi-Feng Yuan School of Public Health Research Center of Public HealthRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Key Laboratory of magnetic resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular PhysicsNational Center for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanWuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases Xiangyang Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang 441000China Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China

Sleep deprivation(SD)is a widespread issue that disrupts the lives of millions of *** effects ini-tiate as changes within neurons,specifically at the DNA and RNA level,leading to disruptions in neuronal plasticity and the dysregulation of various cognitive functions,such as learning and *** acid epigenetic modifications that could regulate gene expression have been reported to play crucial roles in this ***,there is a lack of comprehensive research on the correlation of SD with nucleic acid epigenetic *** the current study,we aimed to systematically investigate the landscape of modifications in DNA as well as in small RNA molecules across multiple tissues,including the heart,liver,kidney,lung,hippocampus,and spleen,in response to chronic sleep deprivation(CSD).Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)analysis,we characterized the dynamic changes in DNA and RNA modification profiles in different tissues of mice under CSD ***,we ob-served a significant decrease in the level of 5-methylcytosine(5mC)and a significant increase in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5hmC)in the kidney in CSD *** RNA modifications,we observed an overall increased trend for most of these significantly changed modifications across six tis-sues in CSD *** study sheds light on the significance of DNA and RNA modifications as crucial epigenetic markers in the context of CSD-induced stress.

关键词： Sleep deprivation Epigenetics Mass spectrometry DNA modification RNA modification Small RNA

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magnetic Switching Dynamics and Tunnel Magnetoresistance Effect Based on Spin-Splitting Noncollinear Antiferromagnet Mn_(3)Pt

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第4期41卷 132-138页

作者：朱蒙董建艇李新录郑凡星周晔吴琨张佳 School of Physics and wuhan National High magnetic Field center Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

In comparison to ferromagnets,antiferromagnets are believed to have superior advantages for applications in next-generation magnetic storage devices,including fast spin dynamics,vanishing stray fields and robust against external magnetic field,***,unlike ferromagnetic orders,which could be detected through tunneling magnetoresistance effect in magnetic tunnel junctions,the antiferromagnetic order(i.e.,Néel vector)cannot be effectively detected by the similar mechanism due to the spin degeneracy of conventional *** discovered spin-splitting noncollinear antiferromagnets,such as Mn_(3)Pt with momentum-dependent spin polarization due to their special magnetic space group,make it possible to achieve remarkable tunneling magnetoresistance effects in noncollinear antiferromagnetic tunnel *** first-principles calculations,we demonstrate that the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio can reach more than 800% in Mn_(3)Pt/perovskite oxides/Mn_(3)Pt antiferromagnetic tunnel *** also reveal the switching dynamics of Mn_(3)Pt thin film under magnetic fields using atomistic spin dynamic *** study provides a reliable method for detecting Néel vector of noncollinear antiferromagnets through the tunnel magnetoresistance effect and may pave its way for potential applications in antiferromagnetic memory devices.

关键词： tunneling magnetoresistance momentum

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Unconventional room-temperature negative magnetoresistance effect in Au/n-Ge:Sb/Au devices

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 602-608页

作者：何雄杨凡黎牛浩峪王立峰易立志许云丽刘敏潘礼庆夏正才 Hubei Engineering Research center of Weak magnetic-field Detection College of ScienceChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China wuhan National High magnetic Field center Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Non-magnetic semiconductor materials and their devices have attracted wide attention since they are usually prone to exhibit large positive magnetoresistance(MR)effect in a low static magnetic field environment at room ***,how to obtain a large room-temperature negative MR effect in them remains to be *** this paper,by designing an Au/n-Ge:Sb/Au device with metal electrodes located on identical side,we observe an obvious room-temperature negative MR effect in a specific 50 T pulsed high magnetic field direction environment,but not in a static low magnetic field *** the analysis of the experimental measurement of the Hall effect results and bipolar transport theory,we propose that this unconventional negative MR effect is mainly related to the charge accumulation on the surface of the device under the modulation of the stronger Lorentz force provided by the pulsed high magnetic *** theoretical analytical model is further confirmed by regulating the geometry size of the *** work sheds light on the development of novel magnetic sensing,magnetic logic and other devices based on non-magnetic semiconductors operating in pulsed high magnetic field environment.

关键词： magnetoresistance germanium-based devices pulsed high magnetic fields

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Operando NMR methods for studying electrocatalysis

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magnetic resonance Letters 2024年第2期4卷 54-64页

作者： Zhiyu Zhu Ruipeng Luo Evan Wenbo Zhao magnetic resonance Research center Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University6525 AJ Nijmegenthe Netherlands

The combination of electrochemical measurements with spectroscopic characterizations provides valuable insights into reaction *** magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,as a powerful technique due to its atomic specificity and versatility in studying gas,liquid,and solid,allows the study of electrolyte solution,catalyst and catalyst-adsorbate *** applied in operando,NMR can offer molecular-level insights into various electrochemical *** NMR has been applied extensively in battery research,but relatively underexplored for electrocatalysis in the past two *** this mini review,we first introduce the operando electrochemical NMR setups,categorized by different probe *** we review the applications of operando NMR for monitoring the electrolyte solution and the catalyst-adsorbate *** the high environmental impact of electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into value-added products,we zoom in to the use of operando NMR in studying electrochemical CO_(2)***,we provide our perspective on further developing and applying operando NMR methods for understanding the complex reaction network of Cu-catalyzed electrochemical CO_(2)reduction.

关键词： Operando NMR In situ NMR EC-NMR Electrocatalysis Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

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A Non-canonical Excitatory PV RGC–PV SC Visual Pathway for Mediating the Looming-evoked Innate Defensive Response

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第3期40卷 310-324页

作者： Man Yuan Sen Jin Gao Tan Siyuan Song Yizong Liu Huadong Wang Yin Shen Eye center Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430060China The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for BiomedicineShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research InstitutionsNational Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal ProductsShenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based TherapeuticsGuangdong Provincial Medical Products AdministrationShenzhen518055China Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute Baylor College of MedicineHouston77030USA State Key Laboratory of magnetic resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological SystemsWuhan Center for Magnetic ResonanceInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyCASWuhan430071China Frontier Science center of Immunology and Metabolism Medical Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China

Parvalbumin-positive retinal ganglion cells(PV+RGCs)are an essential subset of RGCs found in various ***,their role in transmitting visual information remains ***,we characterized PV+RGCs in the retina and explored the functions of the PV+RGC-mediated visual *** applying multiple viral tracing strategies,we investigated the downstream of PV+RGCs across the whole ***,we found that the PV+RGCs provided direct monosynaptic input to PV+excitatory neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus(SC).Ablation or suppression of SC-projecting PV+RGCs abolished or severely impaired the flight response to looming visual stimuli in mice without affecting visual ***,using transcriptome expression profiling of individual cells and immunofluorescence colocalization for RGCs,we found that PV+RGCs are predominant glutamatergic ***,our findings indicate the critical role of PV+RGCs in an innate defensive response and suggest a non-canonical subcortical visual pathway from excitatory PV+RGCs to PV+SC neurons that regulates looming visual *** results provide a potential target for intervening and treating diseases related to this circuit,such as schizophrenia and autism.

关键词： Parvalbumin-positive retinal ganglion cell Innate fear Superior colliculus Excitatory-excitatory neuronal connection Looming-evoked defensive response Subcortical pathway

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Strong-field photoelectron holography in the subcycle limit

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1032-1040页

作者： Tsendsuren Khurelbaatar Jaewuk Heo ShaoGang Yu XuanYang Lai XiaoJun Liu Dong Eon Kim center for Attosecond Science and Technology Department of PhysicsPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangGyeongbuk37673Korea Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative PohangGyeongbuk37673Korea State Key Laboratory of magnetic resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071WuhanChina wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology 430206WuhanChina

Strong-field photoelectron holography is promising for the study of electron dynamics and structure in atoms and molecules,with superior spatiotemporal resolution compared to conventional electron and X-ray ***,the application of strong-field photoelectron holography has been hindered by inter-cycle interference from multicycle ***,we address this challenge by employing a near-single-cycle field to suppress the inter-cycle *** observed and separated two distinct holographic patterns for the first *** measurements allow us not only to identify the Gouy phase effect on electron wavepackets and holographic patterns but also to correctly extract the internuclear separation of the target molecule from the holographic *** work leads to a leap jump from theory to application in the field of strong-field photoelectron holography-based ultrafast imaging of molecular structures.

关键词： photoelectron holographic cycle

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Hole mobility enhancement in monolayer WSe2 p-type transistors through molecular doping

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 207-213页

作者： Shiyuan LIU Xiong XIONG Xin WANG Xinhang SHI Ru HUANG Yanqing WU School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing Advanced Innovation center for Integrated Circuits Peking University wuhan National High magnetic Field center and School of Integrated Circuits Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Two-dimensional （2D） transition metal dichalcogenide （TMDC） semiconductor materials exhibit extraordinary electrical properties,holding promise for the realization of next-generation complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor （CMOS） devices at ultimate ***,constrained by effective device doping strategies,the hole mobility and device performance of tungsten diselenide （WSe2） p-type transistors,especially monolayer chemical vapor deposition （CVD）-grown WSe2,have not met *** this paper,an effective performance enhancement of monolayer WSe2p-type transistor was achieved through a molecular doping *** monolayer WSe2directly on SiO2back-gated substrates and leveraging energy band alignment design,4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate （4-NBD） molecular dopant with a concentration of 10 m M was utilized to modulate the Fermi level position of monolayer WSe2for hole *** devices demonstrated a more than 98%increase in hole mobility,reaching up to 97 cm2·V-1·s-1while maintaining the current on/off ratio of *** p-type WSe2transistors with 1μm channel length exhibit a high drive current surpassing 176μA·μm-1,exceeding previous CVD-WSe2devices with similar channel *** straightforward and effective approach to improving the electrical performance of WSe2transistors paves the way for advanced logic technologies based on transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors.

关键词： CVD-grown WSe$_2$ molecular doping 4-NBD p-type transistors hole mobility

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Preliminary clinical application of total free-breathing cardiac MR examination

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中国医学影像技术 2024年第8期40卷 1183-1188页

作者： YANG Kai YIN Gang AN Jing YANG Xinling LAN Tian ZHAO Shihua LU Minjie Department of magnetic resonance Imaging Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100037China Siemens Shenzhen magnetic resonance Ltd. Shenzhen 518057China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China

Objective To observe the clinical application value of total free-breathing cardiac MR(CMR)examination *** Two patients who underwent CMR scanning under free-breathing state,including cine,motion correction T1 and T2 mapping,blood flow imaging,and late gadolinium enhancement scanning were retrospectively enrolled,and the qualities of the above images were evaluated and compared with that of conventional CMR images under breath-holding *** No significant difference of imaging quality was found between total free-breathing and conventional breath-holding *** differences of left ventricular ejection fraction,cardiac output,left ventricular end-diastolic volume index and left ventricular mass measured based on CMR images under different breath conditions were *** Total free-breathing CMR was feasible in clinical practice,which could provide"one-stop"evaluation of cardiac structure,function and myocardial histological characteristics,hence having promising clinical prospects.

关键词： heart magnetic resonance imaging respiratory motion motion correction

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Human islet amyloid polypeptide oligomers stabilized and probed by MAS NMR

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magnetic resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 61-62页

作者： Ziwei Chang Zhengfeng Zhang Key Laboratory of magnetic resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular PhysicsNational Center for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

The capture and characterization of oligomers are extremely important in the studies of amyloid aggregation of proteins and *** are critical intermediates that can impact the structures of amyloid ***,it is widely accepted that oligomers are the most toxic species along the aggregation pathway[1e4].The studies of oligomers are believed to shed light on the molecular mechanism of amyloid fibrillation and probably the medical clues for related *** vitro investigations of amyloid oligomers are challenging due to their transient and polymorphic nature[5].This is particularly evident in the case of human type-2 diabetes-associated islet amyloid polypeptide(hIAPP),which tends to rapidly form polymorphic fibrils within minutes[6].Notably,hIAPP demonstrates a higher propensity for rapid aggregation compared to other amyloid proteins such as a-synuclein[7].

关键词： aggregation oligomer stabilized

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