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Tuning the interfacial reaction environment via pH-dependent and induced ions to understand C–N bonds coupling performance in NO_(3)-integrated CO_(2)reduction to carbon and nitrogen compounds over dual Cu-based N-doped carbon catalyst

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 273-285页

作者： Tianhang Zhou Chen Shen Zhenghao wu Xingying Lan Yi Xiao College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil ProcessingChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology University of Waterloo WaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada institute of Materials Science TU DarmstadtDarmstadt 64287Germany Department of Chemistry Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123JiangsuChina

Dual atomic catalysts(DAC),particularly copper(Cu_(2))-based nitrogen(N)doped graphene,show great potential to effectively convert CO_(2)and nitrate(NO_(3)-)into important industrial chemicals such as ethylene,glycol,acetamide,and urea through an efficient catalytical process that involves C–C and C–N ***,the origin of the coupling activity remained unclear,which substantially hinders the rational design of Cu-based catalysts for the N-integrated CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).To address this challenge,this work performed advanced density functional theory calculations incorporating explicit solvation based on a Cu_(2)-based N-doped carbon(Cu_(2)N_(6)C_(10))catalyst for CO_(2)*** calculations are aimed to gain insight into the reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of ethylene,acetamide,and urea via coupling in the interfacial reaction *** to the sluggishness of CO_(2),the formation of a solvation electric layer by anions(F^(-),Cl^(-),Br^(-),and I^(-))and cations(Na+,Mg^(2+),K+,and Ca^(2+))leads to electron transfer towards the Cu *** process significantly accelerates the reduction of CO_(2).These results reveal that*CO intermediates play a pivotal role in N-integrated CO_(2)***,the Cu_(2)-based N-doped carbon catalyst examined in this study has demonstrated the most potential for C–N coupling to *** findings reveal that through the process of a condensation reaction between*CO and NH_(2)OH for urea synthesis,*NO_(3)-is reduced to*NH_(3),and*CO_(2)to*CCO at dual Cu atom *** dual-site reduction facilitates the synthesis of acetamide through a nucleophilic reaction between NH_(3)and the ketene ***,we found that the I-and Mg^(2+)ions,influenced by pH,were highly effective for acetamide and ammonia synthesis,except when F-and Ca^(2+)were ***,the mechanisms of C–N bond formation were investigated via ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations,and we found that adjusti

关键词： pH-dependent micro-environments C-N coupling N-integrated CO_(2)RR Dual Cu-based nitrogen carbon catalysts Explicit solvation model lon stabilizer AIMD

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Modulation of rice grain shape and appearance by the GS10-encoded long coiled-coil protein

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Crop Journal 2025年第1期13卷 158-169页

作者： Luo, Yanmin Chen, Yuyu Xue, Pao Wang, Beifang Kang, Yiwei Zhang, Yue Chen, Daibo Hong, Yongbo wu, Weixun Liu, Qunen Zhan, Xiaodeng Lin, Yongjun Cheng, Shihua Zhang, Yingxin Cao, Liyong State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research Institute Zhejiang Hangzhou 311400 China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research Huazhong Agricultural University Hubei Wuhan 430070 China Northern Rice Research Center of Bao Qing Heilongjiang Shuangyashan 155600 China National Nanfan Research institute (Sanya) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hainan Sanya 572025 China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research China National Rice Research Institute Zhejiang Hangzhou 311400 China

Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding, governed by grain length, width, and thickness. In this study, we cloned Grain Size 10 (GS10), a novel gene via map-based cloning. Biochemical, molecular, and genetic studies were performed to elucidate the GS10 involved grain size mechanism in rice. Mutant of GS10 lead to reduced grain size due to alterations in cell expansion. Additionally, GS10 is responsible for the formation of notched-belly grains, especially in smaller grain varieties possessing loss-function mutations. Overexpression of GS10 in Nipponbare results in increasing grain length, grain weight and improve the appearance quality of rice. GS10 encodes conserved protein with uncharacterized function. Furthermore, GS10 regulates the grain size by interacting OsBRICK1, a subunit of the WAVE complex that governs actin nucleation and affects the assembly of microfilaments in rice. Together, our study demonstrates that, GS10 positively regulates the grain length and grain weight, which is beneficial for further improvements in yield characteristics. © 2024 Crop Science Society of China and institute of Crop Science, CAAS

关键词： Appearance quality Grain size Grain weight GS10 Microfilaments

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In-situ Technologies for Controlling Sediment Phosphorus in Eutrophic Shallow Lakes:A Review

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 113-133页

作者： Zisen Liu Yi Zhang Qiaohong Zhou Zhenbin wu Yanxin Wang State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China

Phosphorus(P)is the main limiting factor in *** P can be released decades after its *** restoration requires the reduction of internal sediment P *** we tried to provide a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art sediment P control technologies,our analyses in this review are focused on the mechanisms,control effects,and application conditions of different in-situ technologies including physical control,chemical control,ecological remediation,and combined control *** design principles,feasibility,operation parameters,and pros&cons of these technologies are analyzed and *** efforts are needed to improve in-situ sediment P control technologies so as to enhance the interaction between materials and plant communities and promote the adsorption and fixation of active P in *** control materials for internal sediment P loading need to be further studied in terms of their functional properties,pre-evaluation of the P control effect,and engineering applications.

关键词： eutrophication sediment endogenous phosphorus in-situ control lake restoration

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Dynamical study of T_(ss)systems using the chiral quark model

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第1期49卷 60-69页

作者： Jiazheng Ji Yuheng Xing Xinxing wu Ning Xu Yue Tan Department of Physics Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYancheng 224051China

Since the discovery of T_(cc)by LHCb,there has been considerable interest in T_(cc)and its heavy-flavor ***,the study of its strange partner T_(ss)has been largely *** the framework of the chiral quark model,we conducted a systematic study of the bound states of T_(ss)based on the Gaussian Expansion *** considered all physical channels with 01^(+),including molecular and diquark ***,by considering the coupling between diquarks and molecular states,our calculations allowed us to identify a deep bound state with a bounding energy of 60 MeV primarily composed of KK^(*).Using the^(3)P_(0)model,we calculated the decay width of K^(*)within the KK^(*)bound state,which is approximated as the decay width of the bound state in the T_(ss)*** results indicate that,owing to the effect of binding energy,the decay width of K^(*)in KK^(*)is approximately 3 MeV smaller than that of K^(*)in ***,resonance state calculations were *** used the real-scaling method to search for possible resonance states in the T_(ss)*** of the strong attraction in the[K^(*)]_(8)[K^(*)]_(8)configuration,four resonance states were found in the vicinity of 2.2-2.8 GeV,predominantly featuring hidden-color *** decay widths of these states are less than 10 *** strongly recommend experimental efforts to search for the resonance states in the T_(ss)system predicted by our calculations.

关键词： quark model T_(ss) system bound state resonances

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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a:A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 218-236页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen wu Xuefeng wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China institute of Space Sciences(ICE) CSICBarcelona E-08193Spain Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya(IEEC) Barcelona E-08034Spain Max Planck institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Garching 85748Germany Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China Department of Physics University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Department of Physics Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241002China Shanghai institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200083China Physics Department Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las VegasLas Vegas NV 89154USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las VegasLas Vegas NV 89154USA South African Astronomical Observatory Cape Town 7935South Africa Department of Astronomy University of Cape TownRondebosch 7701South Africa Department of Physics University of the Free StateBloemfontein 9300South Africa Universit´e Paris Cit´e CNRSAstroparticule et CosmologieParis F-75013France Universit´e Paris Cit´e CEA Paris-SaclayIRFU/DAp-AIMGif-sur-Yvette 91191France Department of Astronomy Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Cosmic Dawn Center(DAWN) Copenhagen 2200Denmark Niels Bohr institute University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2200Denmark Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgersthe State University of New JerseyPiscataway NJ 08854-8019USA institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of TokyoKashiwa City 277-8582Japan ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk 2201 AZThe Netherlands Department of Astronom

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe(EP)and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope(WXT)on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for 12 *** flare reached a peak flux of 3:9×10^(−9) erg cm^(−2) s^(−1) in 0.5-4 keV,∼300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 keV,with a power-law photon index varying within *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for∼4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable∼10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of∼10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients Einstein Probe

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Probing the special angle in twisted bilayer MoS_(2)via angle-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy studies

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 153-160页

作者： Xueying Liu Shiying Liu Yulong Xiao Chang Xu Jiaxin wu Kaihui Li Si-Yu Li Anlian Pan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration and College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China School of Physics and Electronics Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China

Twisted transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)homo-bilayers host unique quantum properties,which can be tuned by interlayer twist angleθ.However,the systematic evolution of their typical electronic properties with respect to the twist angleθ,which is crucial for identifying the“special angle”analogous to the“magic angle”of twisted bilayer graphene in correlation physics studies,remains incompletely ***,via scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)and spectroscopy(STS),we investigate the variation of the moirépotential,flat band,and layer polarization characteristics across a wide range of twist angleθin twisted bilayer MoS_(2)(TB-MoS_(2)).The moirépotential of the valence band exhibits a non-monotonic variation withθ,peaking at a maximum value up to 204 me Vatθ~1.7°.Concurrently,at the sameθ,the bandwidth of the flat band at theΓ_(V)point of the valence band attains its minimum,precisely signifying the“special angle”θ_(c)~1.7°in TB-MoS_(2).Interestingly,layer polarization in the moirésuperlattice is spatially visualized through the distribution of local density of states(LDOS)at the energies of bothΓ_(V)and K_(V)points of the valence band,where the polarization degree at theΓ_(V)point demonstrates a close dependency onθ.Our findings deepen understanding of twist-angle effect in TMDs,advancing both fundamental physics and practical application.

关键词： twisted bilayer MoS_(2) flat band moirépotential twist-angle dependence scanning tunneling microscopy

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High-throughput experimentation and machine learning-promoted synthesis of α-phosphoryloxy ketones via Ru-catalyzed P(O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 679-686页

作者： An Lin Jingyuan Liu Yougen Xu Haiting wu Yating Chen Yan Zhang Lebin Su Xiaodan Zhao Kuangbiao Liao institute of Organic Chemistry&MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of ChemistrySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangzhou National Laboratory Guangzhou 510005China Bioland Laboratory Guangzhou 510005China

Herein,we report a novel and highly efficient method for the synthesis ofα-phosphoryloxy carbonyl compounds via Rucatalyzed P(O)O–H insertion reactions of sulfoxonium ylides and phosphinic acids,with the assistance of high-throughput experimentation(HTE)and machine learning(ML).A variety of P(O)O−H derivatives,including diarylphosphates,alkyl phosphates,and alkoxyphosphates,are competent candidates to react with sulfoxonium ylides in this transformation,and variousα-phosphoryloxy carbonyls and propylene phosphates are directly *** approach utilizes readily available sulfoxonium ylide as a carbene precursor,and features mild conditions,operational simplicity,and broad functional groups tolerance,and could be used for late-stage functionalization of structurally complex bioactive ***,a conducive exploration of the reaction space is also conducted(756 reactions)and a machine learning model for reaction yield prediction has been developed and applied,showcasing the practical application of this newly workflow(HTE-ML)in the field of synthetic chemistry.

关键词： α-phosphoryloxy ketones high-throughput experimentation machine learning P(O)O-H insertion sulfoxonium ylides

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Achieving further refinement of grain structure and improvement of mechanical properties in Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-1Mg alloy by Al-Ti-C-B master alloy addition and deep cryogenic treatment

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China Foundry 2025年第1期22卷 75-82页

作者： Lin-fei Xia Wen-bo Li Zuo-shan Wei Yu-ying wu Xiang-fa Liu China Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityJinan 250061China Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Aluminum Materials and Technology Binzhou Institute of TechnologyBinzhou 256600ShandongChina

Near-eutectic Al-Si alloys are widely used in automotive manufacturing due to their superior wear resistance and high temperature *** of high Si content,the grain refinement of near-eutectic Al-Si alloy has been a problem for many *** this study,the effect of deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-Mg alloy with addition of Al-Ti-C-B master alloy was fully *** show that the average grain size of the alloy is greatly reduced from 0.92 mm to 0.50 mm,and the eutectic Si and Al7Cu4Ni precipitates are spheroidized and refined in Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-Mg after DCT for 24 h and aging *** these changes of microstructures result in a significant increment of about 22.5%in elongation and a slight enhancement of about 6.8%in tensile ***,the refinement of microstructure also significantly improves the fatigue life of the alloy.

关键词： deep cryogenic treatment near-eutectic Al-Si master alloy microstructure mechanical properties

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Cyber-Attacks With Resource Constraints on Discrete Event Systems Under Supervisory Control

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第3期12卷 585-595页

作者： Zhaoyang He Naiqi wu Rong Su Zhiwu Li the institute of Systems Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology IEEE the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University

With the development of cyber-physical systems,system security faces more risks from cyber-attacks. In this work,we study the problem that an external attacker implements covert sensor and actuator attacks with resource constraints(the total resource consumption of the attacks is not greater than a given initial resource of the attacker) to mislead a discrete event system under supervisory control to reach unsafe states. We consider that the attacker can implement two types of attacks: One by modifying the sensor readings observed by a supervisor and the other by enabling the actuator commands disabled by the supervisor. Each attack has its corresponding resource consumption and remains covert. To solve this problem, we first introduce a notion of combined-attackability to determine whether a closedloop system may reach an unsafe state after receiving attacks with resource constraints. We develop an algorithm to construct a corrupted supervisor under attacks, provide a verification method for combined-attackability in polynomial time based on a plant, a corrupted supervisor, and an attacker's initial resource, and propose a corresponding attack synthesis algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by an example.

关键词： Cyber-attack cyber-physical system discrete event system supervisory control

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Giant low-field magnetocaloric effect in unstable antiferromagnetic Tm1-xErxNi2Si2（x=0.2,0.4） compounds

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第2期43卷 312-318页

作者： Bo Xu Lu Tian Junfeng Wang Mei wu Xinqiang Gao Zhenxing Li Jun Shen School of Rare Earths University of Science and Technology of China Key Laboratory of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation AcademyChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Energy and Power Engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology

Magnetic refrigeration（MR） technology is regarded as an ideal solution for cryogenic applications,relying on magnetocaloric materials which provide necessary chilling effect.A series of polycrystalline Tm1-xErxNi2Si2（x=0.2,0.4） compounds was synthesized,and their magnetic properties,magnetic phase transition together with magnetocaloric effect（MCE） were *** Tm1-xErxNi2Si2（x=0.2,0.4）compounds display a field-induced metamagnetic transition from antiferromagnetic（AFM） to ferromagnetism（FM） in excess of 0.2 T,***,the AFM ground state is *** the field change of 0-2 T,the values of maximal magnetic entropy change(-ΔSMmax) and refrigerant capacity（RC） for Tm0.8Er0.2Ni2Si2compound are 17.9 J/（kg·K） and 83.5 J/kg,*** large reversible MCE under low magnetic fields（≤2 T） indicates that Tm0.8Er0.2Ni2Si2compound can serve as potential candidate materials for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.

关键词： Cryogenic magnetic refrigeration Magnetocaloric effects Magnetocaloric materials Rare earths TmNi2Si2

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