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Characteristics of Callers Accessing the Tobacco Cessation Quitline in China's Mainland

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期26卷 697-701页

作者： CHEN Wen Li XIAO Dan Susan HENDERSON ZHAO Liang JING Hang WANG Chen Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine world health organization collaborating Center for Tobacco or health Department of Respiratory Medicine Capital Medical University world health organization China Office Research centre of Respiratory Medicine in Beijing Hospital

To describe the characteristics of callers accessing the first national smoking quitline in China's Mainland. The national quitline provides residents in China's Mainland with free telephone smoking cessation services... 详细信息

关键词：中国大陆戒烟热线特征自动化服务呼叫信息

Surveillance of Australian Hajj pilgrims for carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria:Data from two pilot studies

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world Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第3期5卷 102-111页

作者： Mohammad Irfan Azeem Mohamed Tashani Al-Mamoon Badahdah Leon Heron Kristen Pedersen Neisha Jeoffreys Jen Kok Elizabeth Haworth Dominic E Dwyer Grant Hill-Cawthorne Harunor Rashid Robert Booy National centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases Kids Research Institutethe Children’s Hospital at Westmead the Discipline of Child and Adolescent health Sydney Medical Schoolthe University of Sydney Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity the University of Sydney Department of Family and Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine in RabighKing Abdulaziz Uni-versity centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory services Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical ResearchPathology WestWestmead Hospital Menzies Research Institute Tasmania School of Public health the University of Sydney world health organization collaborating centre for Mass Gatherings and High Consequence/High Visibility Events Flinders University

AIM To estimate the pharyngeal carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis(N. meningitidis), Streptococcus pneumoniae(S. pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) among Australian Hajj pilgrims.METHODS In 2014, surveillance was conducted in two phases among Australian Hajj pilgrims: The first phase during Hajj in Mina, and the second phase soon after returning home to Australia. Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs were taken from participants then tested, firstly by nucleic acid testing, and also by standard culture.RESULTS Of 183 participants recruited in the first phase, 26(14.2%) tested positive for S. pneumoniae; 4 had received pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV13). Only one tested positive for N. meningitidis(W). Of 93 2^(nd) phase samples cultured, 17(18.3%) grew S. aureus, all methicillin sensitive, 2(2.2%) grew N. meningitidis(on subculture; one serotype B, one negative), and 1(1%), from an unvaccinated pilgrim, grew S. pneumoniae.CONCLUSION Relatively high carriage of S. pneumoniae and little meningococcal carriage was found. This indicates the importance of a larger study for improved infection surveillance and possible vaccine evaluation.

关键词： Carriage Conjugate vaccine Staphylococcus aureus Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Hajj

Intestinal Protozoan Infections in Patients with Diarrhea—Shanghai Municipality,Zhenjiang City,and Danyang City,China,2011–2015 and 2019–2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第8期4卷 143-147页

作者： Yanyan Jiang Zhongying Yuan Hua Liu Jianhai Yin Yuan Qin Xiaofeng Jiang Jie Xu Jianping Cao Yujuan Shen National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyNational Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesShanghaiChina School of Global health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Intestinal protozoa are common pathogens of diarrhea globally.However,the etiology of diarrhea due to intestinal protozoan infections in China is not known.What is added by this report?Based on active syndromic surveillance in Shanghai,Zhenjiang,and Danyang during 2011–2015 and 2019–2021,89(1.67%)patients were infected with intestinal protozoa(Cryptosporidium spp.,Giardia duodenalis,Enterocytozoon bieneusi,and Cyclospora cayetanensis),and positivity rates statistically differed by region and age.What are the implications for public health practice?This was the most comprehensive data collection in investigating parasitic diarrheal diseases in humans.Identification of these protozoa in diarrhea will provide new perspectives for detecting hidden etiological agents of diarrhea as early as possible.

关键词： globally ang detecting

Spontaneous brain activity in chronic smokers revealed by fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation analysis： a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第8期127卷 1504-1509页

作者： Chu Shuilian Xiao Dan Wang Shuangkun Peng Peng Xie Teng He Yong Wang Chen Beijing Chao Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China world health organization collaborating centre for Tobacco and health Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine Beijing 100020 China Department of Respiratory Medicine Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China

Background Nicotine is primarily rsponsible for the highly addictive properties of cigarettes. Similar to other substances, nicotine dependence is related to many important brain regions, particular in mesolimbic reward circuit. This study was to further reveal the alteration of brain function activity dudng resting state in chronic smokers by fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in order to provide the evidence of neurobiological mechanism of smoking. Methods This case control study involved twenty healthy smokers and nineteen healthy nonsmokers recruited by advertisement. Sociodemographic, smoking related characteristics and fMRI images were collected and the data analyzed. Results Compared with nonsmokers, smokers showed fALFF increased significantly in the left middle occipital gyrus, left limbic lobe and left cerebellum posterior lobe but decreases in the right middle frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right extra nuclear, left postcentral gyrus and left cerebellum anterior lobe (cluster size >100 voxels). Compared with light smokers (pack years 20) showed fALFF increased significantly in the right superior temporal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and right occipital Iobe/cuneus but decreased in the right/left limbic Iobe/cingulate gyrus, right/left frontal lobe/sub gyral, right/left cerebellum posterior lobe (cluster size >50 voxels). Compared with nonsevere nicotine dependent smokers (FagerstrSm test for nicotine dependence, score 6) showed fALFF increased significantly in the right/left middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal Iobule but decreased in the left limbic Iobe/cingulate gyrus (cluster size >25 voxels). Conclusions In smokers during rest, the activity of addiction related regions were increased and the activity of smoking feeling, memory, related regions were also changed. The resting state activ

关键词：功能磁共振成像吸烟者大脑活动显示状态静息波动分析振幅

Towards safe injection practices for prevention of hepatitis C transmission in South Asia: Challenges and progress

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第25期22卷 5837-5852页

作者： Naveed Zafar Janjua Zahid Ahmad Butt Bushra Mahmood Arshad Altaf Clinical Prevention services British Columbia Centre for Disease Control School of Population and Public health University of British Columbia Vancouver Service Delivery and Safety World Health Organization

AIM: To summarize the available information about injection use and its determinants in the South Asian region. METHODS: We searched published and unpublished literature on injection safety in South Asia published during 1995-2016 using the keywords "injection" "unsafe injection" and "immunization injection" and combined these with each of the countries and/or their respective states or provinces in South Asia. We used a standardized questionnaire to abstract the following data from the articles: the annual number of injections per capita, the proportion of injections administered with a reused syringe or needle, the distribution of injections with respect to prescribers and providers and determinants of injection use. RESULTS: Although information is very limited for certain countries(i.e., Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka), healthcare injection use is very common across South Asia, with cross-country rates ranging from 2.4 to 13.6 injections/person/year. Furthermore, recent studies show that 5% to 50% of these injections are provided with reused syringes, thus creating potential to transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Qualified and unqualified practitioners, especially in the private sector, are the major drivers behind injection use, but patients also prefer injections, especially among the rural, poor or uneducated in certain countries. According to available data, Pakistan and India have recently taken steps towards achieving safe injection. Potential interventions include the introduction of reuse prevention devices, and patient-, community- and patient/community and provider-centered interventionsto change population and practitioner behavior. CONCLUSION: Injection use is common in South Asian countries. Multilevel interventions aiming at patients, providers and the healthcare system are needed to reduce injection use and reuse.

关键词： Unsafe injections Hepatitis C Hepatitis B South Asia Prescription practices

health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (health-EDRM):Developing the Research Field within the Sendai Framework Paradigm

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 145-149页

作者： Sharon Tsoon Ting Lo Emily Ying Yang Chan Gloria Kwong Wai Chan Virginia Murray Jonathan Abrahams Ali Ardalan Ryoma Kayano Johnny Chung Wai Yau collaborating centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC) The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Franois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for health & Human Rights Harvard University Public health England The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) Scientific and Technical Advisory Group Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) Scientific Committee world health organization Tehran University of Medical Sciences world health organization Kobe centre for health Development Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong

The intersection of health and disaster risk reduction(DRR) has emerged in recent years as a field of critical inquiry.health is recognized as an outcome and a goal of DRR,and the integration of both fields is essential to ensure the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(health-EDRM) has emerged as an umbrella field that encompasses emergency and disaster medicine,DRR,humanitarian response,community health resilience,and health systems resilience.In September 2016,an international group of experts met in Hong Kong to assess the current status and potential of the health-EDRM research field,a research area that these scholars characterized as underdeveloped and fragmented.Key challenges identified include research overlap,lack ofstrategic research agenda,absence of consensus regarding terminology,and limited coordination between stakeholders.The Sendai Framework provides a useful paradigm within which to shape the research field's strategic development.The WHO Thematic Platform for health-EDRM Research Group was established to coordinate activities,promote information-sharing,develop partnerships,and provide technical advice to strengthen the health-EDRM research field.This group will promote the generation of robust and scientific health research to support the meaningful implementation of the Sendai Framework.

关键词： health disaster risk reduction health emergency and disaster risk management health-EDRM Sendai Framework

Feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against infectious diseases among crisis-affected populations: a scoping review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第1期11卷 8-26页

作者： Jonathan A.Polonsky Sangeeta Bhatia Keith Fraser Arran Hamlet Janetta Skarp Isaac J.Stopard Stéphane Hugonnet Laurent Kaiser Christian Lengeler Karl Blanchet Paul Spiegel world health organization GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Global health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland MRC centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyImperial College LondonLondonUK Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics Imperial College LondonLondonUK Swiss Tropical and Public health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Geneva centre of Humanitarian Studies University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Center for Humanitarian health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA

Background:Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)are a crucial suite of measures to prevent and control infectious disease outbreaks.Despite being particularly important for crisis-affected populations and those living in informal settlements,who typically reside in overcrowded and resource limited settings with inadequate access to healthcare,guidance on NPI implementation rarely takes the specific needs of such populations into account.We therefore conducted a systematic scoping review of the published evidence to describe the landscape of research and identify evidence gaps concerning the acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs among crisis-affected populations and informal settlements.Methods:We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2020 to collate available evidence on the feasibility,acceptability,and effectiveness of NPIs in crisis-affected populations and informal settlements.We performed quality assessments of each study using a standardised questionnaire.We analysed the data to produce descriptive summaries according to a number of categories:date of publication;geographical region of intervention;typology of crisis,shelter,modes of transmission,NPI,research design;study design;and study quality.Results:Our review included 158 studies published in 85 peer-reviewed articles.Most research used low quality study designs.The acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs was highly context dependent.In general,simple and cost-effective interventions such as community-level environmental cleaning and provision of water,sanitation and hygiene services,and distribution of items for personal protection such as insecticide-treated nets,were both highly feasible and acceptable.Logistical,financial,and human resource constraints affected both the implementation and sustainability of measures.Community engagement emerged as a strong factor contributing to the effectiveness of NPIs.Conversely,measures that involve potential restriction on personal liberty such as

关键词： Disease outbreaks Communicable disease control Prevention & control Vulnerable populations Warfare and armed conflicts Disasters Relief work Poverty areas

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the GDF5 gene are associated with development dysplasia of the hip in Chinese female population

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2013年第11期56卷 1063-1065页

作者： ZHAO LiXi PAN Hong WANG Jing CHENG Zhi CHENG LongFei WANG BinBin MA Xu Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College National Research Institute for Family Planning world health organization collaborating centre for Research in Human Reproduction

Development dysplasia of the hip(DDH)is one of the most common hip defects in newborns.The main phenotypes of the disease are partial or whole femoral head extrusion from the acetabulum[1].Because the frequency of DDH in monozygotic twins was higher than that in dizygotic twins,and the affected individuals were often in the same family[2],we are focusing on the genetic factor in the present study.

关键词：发育不良单核苷酸多态性髋关节人口女性中国基因遗传因素

Intracellular calcium ions facilitate dengue virus entry into endothelial cells and compromise endothelial barrier integrity

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第11期14卷 505-516页

作者： Meng-Hooi Shu Pooi-Fong Wong Sing-Sin Sam Shih-Keng Loong Boon-Teong Teoh Sazaly AbuBakar Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education centre(TIDREC) Universiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia world health organization collaborating centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research(Dengue and Severe Dengue)MAA-12 Universiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Objective:To investigate the involvement of Ca^(2+)in dengue virus(DENV)-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and the disruption of endothelial integrity.Methods:HUVECs were infected with DENV-2 in the presence of intracellular Ca^(2+)or endoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+)chelators.Virus infectivity was measured by focus-forming assay and quantitative RT-PCR.Intracellular Ca^(2+)was measured using Fluo-4-AM dye.VE-cadherin and focal adhesion kinase(FAK)expressions were investigated by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays,respectively.Results:DENV infection increased intracellular cytosolic Ca^(2+)levels and caused disassembly of the adherens junction protein,VEcadherin as evidenced by decreased VE-cadherin expression at the periphery of DENV-2 infected HUVECs.Depletion of intracellular Ca^(2+)stores,particularly those of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+),significantly decreased DENV yield in HUVECs.Decreased virus yield following the depletion of intracellular Ca^(2+)was caused by the inhibition of viral entry into HUVECs and not the inhibition of viral binding or attachment.DENV-2 infection also resulted in Ca^(2+)-dependent activation of FAK.Conclusions:Intracellular Ca^(2+)is required for the early phases of DENV infection in endothelial cells.Increased cytosolic Ca^(2+)levels in endothelial cells during DENV infection activated FAK,disrupted adherens junctions and compromised barrier integrity.Thus,Ca^(2+)plays an important role in DENV infection in endothelial cells.

关键词： Endothelial cells Calcium signalling Dengue virus Endothelium permeability Intracellular calcium