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The Progress of the Global Tobacco Cessation Strategies

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China CDC weekly 2023年第21期5卷 475-478页

作者： Dongbo Fu Lin Xiao health Promotion Department World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Tobacco Control office Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced,killing more than 8 million people a year,mainly through noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)(1).world health organization(WHO)set nine voluntary global targets for NCDs to be attained by 2025,including a 30%relative reduction in prevalence of current tobacco use by 2025(2),which requires a strong commitment by governments to strengthen the national health system responses and to take action against the leading risk factors for NCDs including tobacco use,the single most preventable cause of *** to strengthening full implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(WHO FCTC)is a crucial component of action by governments.

关键词： action tobacco

Methodology of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in China, 2010

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期23卷 445-450页

作者： JASON HSIA GONG-HUAN YANG QIANG LI LIN XIAO VAN YANG YAN-WEI WO SAMIRAASMA office On Smoking And health Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Atlanta Ga USA National Tobacco Control office Chinese Center For Disease Control And Prevention Beijing 100050 China University Of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada world health organization Country office Beijing China

INTRODUCTION The Global Adult Tobacco Survey （GATS） is a component of Global Tobacco Surveillance System （GTSS） under auspices of the Bloomberg philanthropy and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. GATS is a household survey with a standard protocol and its goals are to measure tobacco use, to assess changes due to policy and to facilitate cross country comparison. China is the largest consumer and producer of tobacco in the world. China was selected as one of 14 countries of high burden of tobacco use, large population, and mostly low income, to conduct the GATS.

关键词： GATS Methodology of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in China 2010

Zika virus infection, transmission, associated neurological disorders and birth abnormalities: A review of progress in research, priorities and knowledge gaps

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第10期6卷 815-824页

作者： Yitades Gebre Nikkiah Forbes Teshome Gebre Pan American health organization/world health organization Country Office National HIV/AIDS and Infectious Disease Programme Ministry of Health International Trachoma Initiative the Task Force for Global Health

On February 1, 2016, the world health organization declared that the cluster of microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders constitute public health emergency of international concern. Furthermore, few studies demonstrated that there was an increased evidence of causal relationship of Zika virus(ZIKAV) infection and microcephaly, birth abnormalities and neurological disorders such as Guillain–Barre′ *** transmission occurs mainly by the bite of infected mosquitos(Aedes species), but there are also reports that infections could occur via the placenta, breast milk, saliva,blood transfusion and sex. This article reviews the global efforts, progress in scientific research to understand the pathogenesis of ZIKAV infection & disease, clinical presentations, congenital transmission and autoimmune neurological disorders. The paper further explores the knowledge gaps, future priority research agenda for strategic response including vector control and prevention. We conducted a systematic literature review to synthesise available evidence on ZIKAV infection and its vector and host interaction from electronic databases.

关键词： Zika virus Zika virus transmission Vector Microcephaly Guillain–Barré syndrome Zika virus research

China's contribution to the millennium development goals: achieving tuberculosis control targets ahead of deadline

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Global health Journal 2017年第1期1卷 21-25页

作者： Lixia Wang Yanni Sun Yu Wang Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206China Stop Tuberculosis Team China OfficeWorld Health OrganizationBeijing 100600China

The millennium development goals (MDGs) were eight international development targets for the year 2015 that were established following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration in *** MDGs are aimed at reducing extreme poverty and set a series of time-bound goals,particularly in health,gender equality,and environmental sustainability [1].The target set for tuberculosis (TB) was to reduce TB prevalence and mortality rates by half by 2015 compared to the 1990 baseline rates [2].China has in fact achieved the TB targets five years ahead of the scheduled timeline [3].From 1990 through 2010,TB case detections had decreased by 65%,from 170 to 59 cases per 100000 population and the mortality rates by almost 80% [4].

关键词： millennium development goals tuberculosis China

Determining Optimal Strategies to Reduce Maternal and Child Mortality in Rural Areas in Western China: an Assessment Using the Lives Saved Tool

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期28卷 606-610页

作者： JIANG Zhen GUO Sufang Robert W.SCHERPBIER WEN Chun Mei XU Xiao Chao GUO Yan School of Public health Peking University Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention United Nations Children’s Fund China Office world health organization China Office Department of Maternal and Child health Ministry of Health and Family Planning of China

China, as a whole, is about to meet the Millennium Development Goals for reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR), but the disparities between rural area and urban area still exists. This study estimated the potential effectiveness of expanding coverage with high impact interventions using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). It was found that gestational hypertension, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal childhood pneumonia and diarrhea are still the major killers of mothers and children in rural area in China. It was estimated that 30% of deaths among 0-59 month old children and 25% of maternal deaths in 2008 could be prevented in 2015 if primary health care intervention coverage expanded to a feasible level. The LiST death cause framework, compared to data from the Maternal and Child Mortality Surveillance System, represents 60%-80% of neonatal deaths, 40%-50% of deaths in 1-59 month old children and 40%-60% of maternal deaths in rural areas of western China.

关键词： rate Li an Assessment Using the Lives Saved Tool Determining Optimal Strategies to Reduce Maternal and Child Mortality in Rural Areas in Western China

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Combined Chemotherapy Regimen Containing Bedaquiline in the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第6期36卷 501-509页

作者： XU Cai Hong QIU Ying Peng HE Zi Long HU Dong Mei YUE Xiao CHEN Zhong Dan XU Yuan Yuan ZHAO Yan Lin National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention China CDCBeijing 100226China China National health Development Research Center Beijing 100226China The University of Sheffield S102TNSheffieldThe United Kingdom The Central South University Changsha 410083HunanChina world health organization Representative office for China Beijing 100600China

Objective This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the combined chemotherapy regimen containing Bedaquiline(BR)and the conventional treatment regimen(CR,not containing Bedaquiline)for the treatment of adults with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)in *** A combination of a decision tree and a Markov model was developed to estimate the cost and effects of MDR patients in BR and CR within ten *** model parameter data were synthesized from the literature,the national TB surveillance information system,and consultation with *** incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)of BR *** was *** BR(***)had a higher sputum culture conversion rate and cure rate and prevented many premature deaths(decreased by 12.8%),thereby obtaining more quality-adjusted life years(QALYs)(increased by 2.31 years).The per capita cost in BR was as high as 138,000 yuan,roughly double that of *** ICER for BR was 33,700 yuan/QALY,which was lower than China's 1×per capita Gross Domestic Product(GDP)in 2020(72,400 yuan).Conclusion BR is shown to be cost *** the unit price of Bedaquiline reaches or falls below57.21 yuan per unit,BR is expected to be the dominant strategy in China over CR.

关键词： Bedaquiline Cost-effectiveness Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis China

Experience on the first national anti-TB drug resistance survey(DRS)in Timor-Leste

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Global health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 415-423页

作者： Constantino Lopes Debashish Kundu Ismael Da Costa Barreto Bernardino da Cruz SSiva Kumar Sureshbabu Ramalingam Anna SDean Vineet Bhatia Prabhu Seenivasan CPadmapriyadarsini Olga Tosas Auguet National TB Programme Ministry of HealthDiliTimor-Leste world health organization Country office for Timor-Leste DiliTimor-Leste National health Laboratory Ministry of HealthDiliTimor-Leste National HIV Programme Ministry of HealthDiliTimor-Leste National Institute for Research in Tuber-culosis ChennaiIndia National TB Reference Laboratory DiliTimor-Leste Global Tuberculosis Programme World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland world health organization South East Asia Regional office New DelhiIndia

Background:A national drug resistance survey(DRS)was implemented for the first time in Timor-Leste(TL)in *** primary objective of the survey was to assess the prevalence of drug resistance among new and previously treated pulmonary TB patients in the ***:This nation-wide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 targeting all new and previously treated sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB *** samples were submitted to the National TB Reference Laboratory for confirmation of TB and to determine resistance to rifampicin by Xpert MTB/*** was performed on solid media,and culture isolates of confirmed TB cases were shipped to the WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory in Chennai,India for whole genome sequencing(WGS).Survey summary statistics,data cross-tabulations and analysis of potential risk factors of rifampicin-resistant TB(RR-TB)were conducted using R statistical software(version 3.5.2).Results:A total of 953 sputum-smear positive patients were enrolled,of which 917 were confirmed as positive for TB by either Xpert MTB/RIF or *** electronic web-based system was used for entry and storage of the *** resistance was detected among 0.6%(95%CI 0.2-1.3)of new cases and 2.7%(95%CI 0.5-8.2)of previously treated *** was conducted for validation purposes on 65 randomly selected isolates(29%of RR-TB(2/7)and 7%of RS-TB(63/910)by Xpert MTB/RIF or pDST).The original test results agreed with the WGS validation results for 62/64 isolates(97%).Conclusion:The prevalence of RR-TB in Timor-Leste is relatively low compared to the estimated proportions of RR-TB in the WHO South-East Asia Region(2.5%[95%CI 1.9-3.3]among new cases and 14%[95%CI 7.7-21]among previously treated cases).The rapid sputum collection and transportation mechanism implemented in the survey demonstrates its feasibility in low resource settings and should be replicated for routinely transporting TB specimens from microscopy labs to GeneXpert ***

关键词： Anti-TB Drug Resistance Survey Rifampicin resistance Whole genome sequencing Timor-Leste

Incidence of rubella IgM antibodies in individuals with febrile rash illness attending clinics in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, 2006-2009

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health 2011年第6期3卷 362-365页

作者： Bassey Enya Moses Anietie Effiong Udo Sunde Moffat Bassey Emem world health organization office Abuja Nigeria

Background: Rubella is an infectious disease of public health importance because infection ac-quired during early pregnancy often results in foetal abnormalities that are classified as con-genital rubella syndrome (CRS). The burden of rubella infection in most developing countries is however not well documented because of lim-ited epidemiological data. Methods: Between 2006 and 2009, 781individuals with febrile rash illness seen in clinics in Akwa Ibom State were screened for rubella specific IgM antibodies using the ELISA technique. Statistical analysis was done using Graph prime version 5.3 statis-tical package at 95% confidence interval. The level of significance was established at P = 0.05 using Fisher’s exact two-tailed values. Results: Of 781 individuals screened for rubella specific IgM antibodies, 94 (12%) were found to be posi-tive. Incidence of 8.7% recorded in 2006 gradu-ally rose to 9.3% in 2007, 11.6% in 2008 and 14.3% in 2009. Those in the reproductive age group (> 16 years) were most affected (51.7%). However, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.228). Females (17.4%) were more suscepti-ble than males (6.2%) (P < 0.0001) an rural dwellers (12.8%) more susceptible than urban dwellers (10.5%) (P = 0.416). Conclusion: The study shows that the incidence of rubella in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria is high. The lowest incidence was however found among individu-als below the reproductive age. Thus, the find-ings of this study can be used by policy makers to model the introduction of routine rubella vaccination into the country’ Expanded Program on Immunization Schedule (EPI).

关键词： Rubella-IgM Antibodies Febrile Rash Illness Akwa Ibom State

Digital health interventions for COVID-19 in China: a retrospective analysis

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Intelligent Medicine 2021年第1期1卷 29-36页

作者： Mengji Chen Shan Xu Lewis Husain Gauden Galea world health organization Representative office in China Beijing 100600China China Academy of Information Communications Technology Beijing 100191China

Background:The use of digital health technologies was an integral part to China’s early response to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Existing literatures have analyzed and discussed implemented digital health innovations from the perspective of technologies,whereas how policy mechanisms contributed to the formulation of the digital health landscape for COVID-19 was *** study aimed to examine the contexts and key mechanisms in China’s rapid mobilization of digital health interventions in response to COVID-19,and to document and share lessons ***:Policy documents were identified and retrieved from government portals and recognized media *** on digital health interventions were collected through three consecutive surveys administered between 23 January 2020 and 31 March 2020 by China Academy of Information and Communication Technology(CAICT)affiliated to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT).Participants were member companies of the Internet health alliance established by MIIT and the National health Commission(NHC)in June ***-report digital interventions focusing on social and economic recovery were *** hundred and sixtysix unique digital health interventions meeting our criteria were extracted from 175 narratives on digital health interventions submitted by 116 participating *** analysis was conducted to describe the scope and priority of policies advocating for the use of digital health technologies and the implementation pattern of digital health *** limitations precluded an evaluation of the impact of digital health interventions over a longer time ***:Between January and March 2020,national policy directives promoting the use of digital technologies for the containment of COVID-19 collectively advocated for use cases in emergency planning and preparedness,public health response,and clinical *** to strengthen clinical services were menti

关键词： Digital health Coronavirus disease 2019 Telemedicine Big data Artificial intelligence