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Unwanted disorders and xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease in experimental immunodeficient mice:How to evaluate and how to report

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2025年第1期8卷 20-29页

作者： Seyed Mostafa Monzavi Samad Muhammadnejad Vahid Mansouri Hami Ashraf Naser Ahmadbeigi gene therapy research Center Digestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran INSERM U981 Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance Chronic Respiratory Diseases research Center National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases(NRITLD)Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Human-derived tumor models are essential for preclinical development of new anti-cancer drug *** animal models bearing tumors of human origin,such as patient-derived or cell line-derived xenograft tumors,is dependent on immuno-deficient ***-bearing immunodeficient mice are susceptible to develop-ing unwanted disorders primarily irrelevant to the tumor nature;and if get involved with such disorders,reliability of the study results will be undermined,inevitably con-founding the research in ***,a rigorous health surveillance and clinical monitoring system,along with the establishment of a strictly controlled barrier facility to maintain a pathogen-free state,are *** if all pathogen control and biosafety measures are followed,there are various noninfectious disorders capable of causing tissue and multiorgan damage in immunodeficient ***,the re-searchers should be aware of sentinel signs to carefully monitor and impartially report *** review discusses clinical signs of common unwanted disorders in experi-mental immunodeficient mice,and how to examine and report them.

关键词： animal models graft-versus-host disease health surveillance preclinical drug evaluation xenograft model antitumor assays

Spireoside Controls Blast Disease by Disrupting Membrane Integrity of Magnaporthe oryzae

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Rice science 2025年第1期32卷 107-117,I0061-I0066页

作者： XU Liting HE Kaiwei GUO Chunyu QUAN Cantao MA Yahuan ZHANG Wei REN Lifen WANG Long SONG Li OUYANG Qing YIN Junjie ZHU Xiaobo TANG Yongyan HE Min CHEN Xuewei LI Weitao State Key Laboratory of Crop gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

The application of fungicides is an effective strategy for controlling plant *** these agents,plant-derived antifungal metabolites are particularly promising due to their eco-friendly and sustainable *** secondary metabolites typically exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity without selective toxicity against ***,only a small fraction of antifungal metabolites have been identified from the tens of thousands of known plant secondary *** this study,we conducted a metabolomic analysis on both blast-resistant(Digu)and-susceptible(Lijiangxintuanheigu)rice varieties to uncover novel metabolites that enhance blast *** found that 24 and 48 h post-inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae were critical time points for metabolomic profiling,based on the infected status of *** in rice and the observed differences in shikimate accumulation between the two *** metabolomic analysis,we identified nine flavonoids that were differentially accumulated and are considered potential candidates for disease *** these,apigenin-7-glucoside,rhamnetin,and spireoside were found to be effective in controlling blast disease,with spireoside demonstrating the most pronounced *** discovered that spireoside controlled blast disease by inhibiting both spore germination and appressorium formation in ***,primarily through disrupting cell membrane ***,spireoside did not induce rice ***,spireoside was also effective in controlling sheath blight ***,spireoside shows considerable promise as a candidate for the development of a fungicide for controlling plant diseases.

关键词： appressorium formation blast disease membrane integrity resistance spireoside spore germination sheath blight disease

Progress and prospects of engineered sequence-specific DNA modulating technologies for the management of liver diseases

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第6期7卷 859-873页

作者： Samantha A Nicholson Buhle Moyo Patrick B Arbuthnot wits/SA MRC antiviral gene therapy research unit School of Pathology Health Sciences Faculty University of the Witwatersrand

Liver diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. The hepatic illnesses, which include inherited metabolic disorders, hemophilias and viralhepatitides, are complex and currently difficult to treat. The maturation of gene therapy has heralded new avenues for developing effective intervention for these diseases. DNA modification using gene therapy is now possible and available technology may be exploited to achieve long term therapeutic benefit. The ability to edit DNA sequences specifically is of paramount importance to advance gene therapy for application to liver diseases. Recent development of technologies that allow for this has resulted in rapid advancement of gene therapy to treat several chronic illnesses. Improvements in application of derivatives of zinc finger proteins(ZFPs), transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs), homing endonucleases(HEs) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR) and CRISPR associated(Cas) systems have been particularly important. These sequence-specific technologies may be used to modify genes permanently and also to alter gene transcription for therapeutic purposes. This review describes progress in development of ZFPs, TALEs, HEs and CRISPR/Cas for application to treating liver diseases.

关键词： gene therapy Zinc fingers Transcriptionactivator-like effectors Clustered regularly interspacedshort palindromic repeats Homing endonucleases Liver diseases

A barley SS2a single base mutation at the splicing site leads to obvious changes in starch

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第04期24卷 1359-1371页

作者： Bang Wang Jing Liu Xiaolei Chen Qiang Xu Yazhou Zhang Huixue Dong Huaping Tang Pengfei Qi Mei Deng Jian Ma Jirui Wang Guoyue Chen Yuming Wei Youliang Zheng Qiantao Jiang State Key Laboratory of Crop gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

Starch biosynthesis is a complex process that relies on the coordinated action of multiple enzymes. Resistant starch is not digested in the small intestine, thus preventing a rapid rise in the glycemic index. Starch synthase 2a(SS2a) is a key enzyme in amylopectin biosynthesis that has significant effects on starch structure and properties. In this study, we identified an ss2a null mutant(M3-1413) with a single base mutation from an ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized population of barley. The mutation was located at the 3' end of the first intron of the RNA splicing receptor(AG) site, and resulted in abnormal RNA splicing and two abnormal transcripts of ss2a, which caused the inactivation of the SS2a gene. The starch structure and properties were significantly altered in the mutant, with M3-1413 containing lower total starch and higher amylose and resistant starch levels. This study sheds light on the effect of barley ss2a null mutations on starch properties and will help to guide new applications of barley starch in the development of nutritious food products.

关键词： barley EMS mutagenesis starch synthase 2a splicing site mutation starch property resistant starch

CHOLINE TRANSPORTER-RELATED 4(CTR4)Is Involved in Drought and Saline Tolerance in Rice

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Rice science 2025年第1期32卷 52-66,I0041-I0049页

作者： YU Shicong LUO Ruxian ZHENG Shuqin NING Jing SHI Yuanzhu GUO Daiming JIA Liangmeng WANG Sen XIAO Guizong GUO Pengwang LI Yang MA Xiaoding State Key Laboratory of Crop gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611134China State Key Laboratory of Crop gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China National Crop genebank Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

The tolerance of rice to drought and saline stress is crucial for maintaining yields and promoting widespread *** an ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized mutant library,we identified a mutant that is susceptible to osmotic stress,named Osmotic Stress Sensitivity 1(Oss1).Using MutMap sequencing,we characterized the role of a choline transporter-related family gene,CTR4(Choline Transporter-Related 4),in rice’s tolerance to drought and salt ***4 plays a critical role in regulating membrane lipid *** knockout mutants,the total membrane lipid content,especially unsaturated fatty acids,was significantly *** with the wild type,knockout mutants exhibited decreased membrane lipid stability under drought and salt stress,faster water loss,higher relative electrolyte leakage,and lower levels of proline and soluble sugars,leading to impaired tolerance to drought and salt *** contrast,the overexpression of CTR4 enhanced seedling tolerance to drought and saline *** overexpression lines displayed lower malondialdehyde levels,reduced relative electrolyte leakage,and slower rates of leaf water loss under stress conditions,thereby improving seedling survival rates during ***,lipid synthesis gene expression was down-regulated in CTR4 mutants,potentially exacerbating membrane permeability defects and further compromising stress *** findings suggest that CTR4 mediates choline transport and influences cell membrane formation,thereby enhancing rice defenses against drought and salt stress by maintaining lipid homeostasis.

关键词： Oryza sativa drought stress salt stress choline transporter lipid homeostasis

The miR172a–SNB module orchestrates both induced and adult-plant resistance to multiple diseases via MYB30-mediated lignin accumulation in rice

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Molecular Plant 2025年第1期18卷 59-75页

作者： He Wang Zhe-Xu Wang Hong-Yuan Tian Yu-Long Zeng Hao Xue Wan-Ting Mao Lu-Yue Zhang Jun-Ni Chen Xiang Lu Yong Zhu Guo-Bang Li Zhi-Xue Zhao Ji-Wei Zhang Yan-Yan Huang Jing Fan Pei-Zhou Xu Xiao-Qiong Chen Wei-Tao Li Xian-Jun Wu Wen-Ming Wang Yan Li State Key Laboratory of Crop gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Rice research Institute and Key Lab for Major Crop Diseases Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina

Plants mount induced resistance and adult-plant resistance against different pathogens throughout the whole growth *** production faces threats from multiple major diseases,including rice blast,sheath blight,and bacterial leaf ***,we report that the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module regulates both induced and adult-plant resistance to these three major diseases via lignification in ***,pathogen infections induce the expression of miR172a,which downregulates the transcription factor SNB to release its suppression of MYB30,leading to an increase in lignin biosynthesis and disease resistance throughout the whole growth ***,expression levels of miR172a and MYB30 gradually increase and are consistently correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance during rice development,reaching a peak at full maturity,whereas SNB RNA levels are negatively correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance,indicating the involvement of the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module in adult-plant *** functional domain of SNB protein and its binding sites in the MYB30 promoter are highly conserved among more than 4000 rice accessions,while abnormal expression of miR172a,SNB,or MYB30 compromises yield traits,suggesting artificial selection of the miR172a–SNB–MYB30 module during rice *** together,these results reveal a novel role for a conserved miRNA-regulated module that contributes significantly to induced and adult-plant resistance against multiple pathogens by increasing lignin accumulation,deepening our understanding of broad-spectrum resistance and adult-plant resistance.

关键词： miR172a SNB MYB30 lignin induced resistance adult-plant resistance

gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy:perspectives on the possibility of optimizing SMN1 delivery to correct all neurological and systemic perturbations

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 2011-2012页

作者： Sharon J.Brown Rafael J.Yáñez-Muñoz Heidi R.Fuller School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele UniversityKeeleUK Wolfson Center for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease TORCH BuildingRJAH Orthopaedic HospitalOswestryUK *** Center of Gene and Cell TherapyDepartment of Biological SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and the EnvironmentRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and *** genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene *** was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between ***,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice ***,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.

关键词： atrophy traditionally absolute

Breeding for Heat Tolerant Aromatic Rice Varieties and Identification of Novel QTL Regions Associated with Heat Tolerance During Reproductive Phase by QTL-Seq

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Rice science 2025年第1期32卷 67-80,I0050-I0055页

作者： Surangkana CHIMTHAI Sulaiman CHEABU Wanchana AESOMNUK Siriphat RUENGPHAYAK Siwaret ARIKIT Apichart VANAVICHIT Chanate MALUMPONG Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng SaenKasetsart UniversityNakhon Pathom 73140Thailand Faculty of Agriculture Princess of Naradhiwas UniversityNaradhiwas 96000Thailand Rice Science Center&Rice gene Discovery unit Kasetsart UniversityKamphaeng Sean CampusNakhon Pathom 73140Thailand

Extremely high temperatures resulting from climate change have become a major challenge for increasing rice ***,our objective was to develop heat-tolerant aromatic rice varieties using the pedigree method,focusing on selecting for seed-setting ability under extremely high temperatures along with the use of single nucleotide polymorphism/insertion and deletion(SNP/InDel)markers to improve aromatic properties and grain ***,the QTL-seq approach was utilized to identify QTLs for seed-setting rate in an F2 population subjected to heat *** candidate QTL regions were then aligned to confirm SNPs/InDels in synonymous F7 candidate heat-tolerant *** results revealed that four promising lines,namely 84-7-1-9,84-7-1-10,159-3-3-1,and 159-3-3-10,were classified as heat-tolerant with low amylose *** addition,lines 84-7-1-9 and 84-7-1-10 were identified as aromatic rice encompassing the aroma gene(badh2).Regarding the QTL-seq results,the qSF2.1 region ranged from 311051 to 3929422 bp on chromosome 2,was identified based on the highest contrasting SNP index between the heat-susceptible and tolerant *** candidate genes within this region include two genes related to heat shock proteins,three genes associated with pollen fertility,and four genes involved in heat stress and other abiotic stress *** genes are proposed as potential candidates for heat tolerance and could serve as targets in rice breeding programs aimed at enhancing heat tolerance.

关键词： rice heat stress aroma,QTL-seq

Pretreatment with nano-silver extends the post-harvest longevity of gladiolus cut flowers by reducing free water mobility

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年第1期11卷 377-388页

作者： Xiumei Li Qinjian Liu Hongbo Li Yuanyuan Chen Zhongjian Chen Shenggen He Jun Liu Shijuan Yan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization Agro-biological Gene Research CenterGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China College of Agriculture and Biology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouGuangdong 510225China

The water content of cut flowers is a significant factor in their post-harvest *** this study,we examine the efficacy of silver nanoparticles(NS)on the longevity of cut gladiolus,with a focus on water state and *** used Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)technology to identify three water fractions with different transverse relaxation times(T2)values:bound water T21(10 ms).During the opening process,T23increased at stages 2 and 3 and then decreased,T22 decreased slowly,and T21 remained *** water values were consistently higher than bound water and immobilized water and reached their maximum from stage 2 until stage 4,when the petals were extended and began to *** vascular bundles responsible for transporting water had higher water content,as detected by proton density-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Bound water and free water with NS pretreatments in bracts were initially lower but then two days later the signal amplitude of each water state exceeded those of the control,indicating that the treatment enhanced the water-holding capacity over ***,NS pretreatments reduced the free water mobility of the cut flowers and inhibited stem ***,we found that NS can enter the stem and are primarily transported upward along the xylem with water using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)***,our findings indicate that NS pretreatment reduces free water in gladiolus cut flowers,enhancing their water retention and prolonging their vase life.

关键词： Water state Nanoparticles Vase life Nuclear magnetic resonance Cut flowers