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Hatching egg polyunsaturated fatty acids and the broiler chick

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 442-450页

作者： Gita Cherian Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences 112 Withycombe HallOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon 97331USA

Transgenerational effects of certain nutrients such as essential fatty acids are gaining increased attention in the field of human medicine and animal sciences as a new tool to improve health and animal performance during perinatal ***-3(n-3)and omega-6(n-6)fatty acids are denoted by the position of the first double bond from methyl end of the hydrocarbon ***-linolenic acid(18:3 n-3)and linoleic acid(18:2 n-6)are essential n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and cannot be synthesized by the vertebrates including ***-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are the parent fatty acids of long chain(>20–22C)n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)such as eicosapentaenoic acid(20:5 n-3,EPA),docosapentaenoic acid(22:5 n-3/or 22:5 n-6,DPA),docosahexaenoic acid(22:6 n-3,DHA)and arachidonic acid(20:4 n-6).As components of cell membrane phospholipids,PUFA serves as precursors of eicosa-noids,act as ligands for membrane receptors and transcription factors that regulate gene expression and are pivotal for normal chick growth and *** the role of egg lipids as the sole source of essential fatty acids to the hatchling,dietary deficiencies or inadequate in ovo supply may have repercussions in tissue PUFA incorpora-tion,lipid metabolism,chick growth and development during pre and early post-hatch *** review focus on studies showing how maternal dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acids can lead to remodeling of long chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA in the hatching egg and progeny chick tissue phospholipid molecular species and its impact on chick growth and PUFA metabolism during early life.

关键词： Chick Egg Fatty acid molecular species Phospholipids

Generalizing plant–water relations to landscapes

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第1期4卷 101-113页

作者： R.H.Waring J.J.Landsberg College of Forestry Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA withycombe Church LaneMt WilsonNSW 2786Australia

Aims Changing climate and land use patterns make it increasingly important that the hydrology of catchments and ecosystems can be reliably *** aim of this paper is to identify the biophysical factors that determine the rates of water vapor loss from different types of vegetation,and to seek,from an array of currently available satelliteborne sensors,those that might be used to initialize and drive landscape-level hydrologic *** Findings Spatial variation in the mean heights,crowd widths,and leaf area indices(LAI)of plant communities are important structural variables that affect the hydrology of *** stomatal conductance(G)imposes physiological limitation on transpiration by *** maximum value of G(Gmax)is closely linked to canopy photosynthetic capacity,which can be estimated via remote sensing of foliar chlorophyll or nitrogen *** be modeled as a nonlinear multipliable function of:(i)leaf–air vapor pressure deficit,(ii)water potential gradient between soil and leaves,(iii)photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy,(iv)plant nutrition,(v)temperature and(vi)the CO_(2) concentration of the *** surveys with Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)and interferometric RADAR,along with high-resolution spectral coverage in the visible,near-infrared,and thermal infrared bands,provide,along with meteorological data gathered from weather satellites,the kind of information required to model seasonal and interannual variation in transpiration and evaporation from landscapes with diverse and dynamic vegetation.

关键词： canopy stomatal conductance plant water relations process-based models remote sensing

Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases as Plasma Indicators of Bovine Cystic Ovarian Disease

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Natural Science 2018年第8期10卷 303-312页

作者： K. F. Hentze K. G. Younger A. R. Menino 112 withycombe Hall Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA

Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the main causes of infertility in dairy cattle and has a high economic impact on farmers. COD is caused by an endocrine imbalance within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis preventing the mature Graafian follicle from ovulating. The cause at the molecular level is not well understood. However, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and plasminogen activator/plasmin families of extracellular (ECM) matrix-degrading proteinases are involved in Graafian follicle breakdown and oocyte release in the ovulation process. Our research investigated the possibility of using plasma concentrations of MMP-2 and -9 and their natural tissue inhibitors (TIMP) -1 and -2 as prognostic indicators of COD. Plasma samples from cystic and non-cystic dairy cows were analyzed using ELISA. Although plasma concentrations of MMP-2 and -9 were greater and TIMP-2 was lower in non-cystic compared to cystic cows, no significant differences were observed in MMP-2 and -9 and TIMP-1 and -2 due to cyst status. However, the TIMP-1:MMP-9 and TIMP-2:MMP-2 molar ratios were greater, (P = 0.099) and (P = 0.038), respectively, in cystic compared to non-cystic cows, suggesting a proteolytic insufficiency in cows with COD that may be a contributing factor to the anovulatory pathology. These data may provide the groundwork for future research and development of tools for dairy farmers to selectively choose replacement heifers less likely to develop COD.

关键词： MMP TIMP Cattle Ovulation

Effects of Feeding OmniGen-AF<sup>®</sup>during Superovulation on <i>in Vitro</i>Development of Embryos Recovered from Donor Beef Cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 37-49页

作者： Alexandria P. Snider Derek J. Mclean Alfred R. Menino Jr. 112 withycombe Hall Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis USA Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda USA

Embryo quality is crucial when selecting embryos for transfer. Variation in quality may be attributed to poor oocytes, semen, stress, inflammation, and potential immune system dysregulation. OmniGen-AF® (OG) feeding supports immune system function and animal health. Our laboratory recently reported lower percent degenerate embryos recovered and increased plasma progesterone in beef cattle donors fed OG during superovulation. In vitro development of embryos recovered from donor cows fed OG prior to collection is presented here. Embryos were recovered from 24 beef cows assigned to four treatment groups: 0 g OG/hd/d and 200 mg Folltropin®-V (FSH) (0/200);0 g OG/hd/d and 400 mg FSH (0/400), 56 g OG/hd/d, 200 mg FSH (56/200) and 56 g OG/hd/d and 400 mg FSH (56/400). Good to excellent quality early blastocysts were cultured for 8 d. and development through hatching, embryonic volume and plasminogen activator (PA) production were quantified. The complete protocol was repeated 90 - 120 d later as Replicate 2. Optimal development was observed by embryos recovered from 0/200 cows where percent blastocysts hatching was greater (P compared to 56/200 and 0/400 cows and embryonic volume was greatest (P was similar (P

Measurement of Metabolic and Inflammatory Serum Markers and Immune Marker Gene Expression during Superovulation in Beef Cattle

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 175-196页

作者： Alexandria P. Snider Derek J. McLean Alfred R. Menino 112 withycombe Hall Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis USA USDA ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center Livestock Biosystems Unit Clay Center NE USA Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda MD USA

Health status of donor cows during superovulation is important to ensure optimal embryo quality at time of collection. Because nutritional and metabolic status impact embryo quality some form of nutritional supplementation is often provided before and during superovulation. OmniGen-AF® (OG) feeding has been shown to assist in the maintenance of animal health through regulation of metabolic status and balance and supporting aspects of immune function. We observed feeding donor cows OG decreased percent degenerate embryos recovered following superovulation increased serum progesterone concentration and improved in vitro embryo development. Evaluation of OG feeding on markers of metabolic function and inflammatory and immune function in beef cattle embryo donors are reported here. Similarly, cow metabolic and inflammatory response with repeated superovulation protocols is not known. Biomarkers to monitor and evaluate cow health during superovulation may provide management options to improve embryo recovery and quality. Twenty-four Angus cross-bred cattle were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, fed 0 or 56 g/hd/day for 49 days and superovulated with 200 or 400 mg Folltropin V (FSH). Blood was collected weekly for analyses. The protocol was repeated on all cows 90 - 120 d later with cows reassigned to their original groups. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed due to OG feeding or FSH dose on metabolic and inflammatory markers. Replicate exerted a significant effect where serum concentration of albumin, IL1β, IL6, PGE2 and leptin were lower (P<

关键词： Bovine Metabolism Estrous Cycle Follicle Stimulating Hormone Inflammation