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The mysteries of eccentric muscle action

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运动与健康科学（英文） 2018年第3期7卷 253-254页

作者： Walter Herzog Human Performance laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of Calgary

Muscle actions are typically divided into 3 categories：concentric,isometric,and *** active muscle that is shortening and produces positive mechanical work is said to work concentrically;an active muscle that is not changing its length,and thus does not produce net work,is said to work isometrically;and an active muscle that is elongated by external forces,and thus absorbs work,or produces negative work,is said to work eccentrically．

关键词：运动科学健康科学个人休闲运动

Recent changes in evidence-based, non-pharmacological treatment recommendations for acupuncture and Tai Chi for knee osteoarthritis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2013年第3期2卷 158-159页

作者： Songning Zhang Biomechanics/Sports Medicine laboratory Department of KinesiologyRecreation and Sport StudiesUniversity of Tennessee

Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common form of *** knee and hip joints are the most common sites for OA,and knee OA is more prevalent than hip OA.1Knee OA patients often suffer pain,functional disability,articular carti... 详细信息

关键词：骨性关节炎药物治疗膝关节近期变化基础证据太极针灸

Recent developments on models and inclusion criteria for chronic ankle instability

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第3期1卷 170-171页

作者： Songning Zhang Biomechanics/Sports Medicine laboratory Department of KinesiologyRecreation and Sport StudiesUniversity of Tennessee

In the most recent report of injury data on 15 sports from the *** Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA) Injury Surveillance System over a span of 16 years (1988-2004),ankle ligament sprains were the most common *** symptoms such as recurrent sprains,pain, instability,and giving way are common after an initial,acute ligament *** ankle instability(CAI) is one of these common problems,and has enjoyed increased interest in the recent ***,CAI remains a poorly-defined and understood condition.

关键词： instability ligament ankle understood NCAA inclusi

Virtual reality interface devices in the reorganization of neural networks in the brain of patients with neurological diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第8期9卷 888-896页

作者： Valeska Gatica-Rojas Guillermo Méndez-Rebolledo laboratory of Human Motor Control Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Talca laboratory of Human Motor Control School of KinesiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Talca

Two key characteristics of all virtual reality applications are interaction and immersion. Systemic interaction is achieved through a variety of multisensory channels （hearing, sight, touch, and smell）, permitting the user to interact with the virtual world in real time. Immersion is the degree to which a person can feel wrapped in the virtual world through a defined interface. Virtual real- ity interface devices such as the Nintendo~ Wii and its peripheral nunchuks-balance board, head mounted displays and joystick allow interaction and immersion in unreal environments created from computer software. Virtual environments are highly interactive, generating great activation of visual, vestibular and proprioceptive systems during the execution of a video game. In addi- tion, they are entertaining and safe for the user. Recently, incorporating therapeutic purposes in virtual reality interface devices has allowed them to be used for the rehabilitation of neurological patients, e.g., balance training in older adults and dynamic stability in healthy participants. The improvements observed in neurological diseases （chronic stroke and cerebral palsy） have been shown by changes in the reorganization of neural networks in patients＇ brain, along with better hand function and other skills, contributing to their quality of life. The data generated by such studies could substantially contribute to physical rehabilitation strategies.

关键词： nerve regeneration virtual reality virtual environment virtual reality exposuretherapy rehabilitation stroke postural balance cerebral palsy aged review nintendo wii balanceboard neural regeneration

A New Implant for Transfemoral Amputation: Improved Gait and Comfort

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第6期11卷 199-205页

作者： Mathieu Assal Halah Kutaish Richard Stern Alice Bonnefoy-Mazure Antoine Acker Axel Gamulin Stephane Stephane Gorki Carmona Alain Lacraz Foot & Ankle Surgery Center Centre Assal Hirslanden Clinique La Colline Geneva Switzerland Faculty of Medicine Geneva University Geneva Switzerland willy taillard laboratory of kinesiology Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University Geneva Switzerland Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology University Hospitals of Geneva Geneva Switzerland

Introduction: Transfemoral amputation results in a prosthesis which bears weight on the ischium. Gait disturbance, lack of an end-bearing stump and discomfort in the groin from the socket even while sitting, are important issues. Methods: This is a pilot report of an ongoing randomized blind clinical trial of a new intramedullary implant post transfemoral amputation. Here, we describe a single case illustrating the surgical technique and clinical outcome of a dysfunctional post-traumatic transfemoral amputation addressed with this implant. Clinical gait analysis, SF-12 and VAS were assessed pre- and post-intervention at 6 months of follow-up. Results: An improved stump control is accomplished by means of myoplasty and myodesis through an end-cap. Stride width improved from 0.21 m pre-op to 0.13 m post-op, and more symmetrical stride length (△0.21 m pre-op vs. △0.06 m post-op) was noted, indicating improved gait quality and stability. Gait velocity increased (0.51 ± 0.04 m/s pre-op vs. 0.64 ± 0.02 m/s post-op). Conclusion: This technique reveals improvements in gait parameters in a transfemoral amputee treated with a new procedure. Improved prosthesis control, sitting comfort, greater hip range of motion, better gait stability, and enhanced walking abilities were noted.

关键词： Above Knee Amputation Transfemoral Amputation Gritti-Stokes Weight-Bearing End-Cap

Can changes in midsole bending stiffness of shoes affect the onset of joint work redistribution during a prolonged run?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 293-302页

作者： Sasa Cigoja Jared R.Fletcher Benno M.Nigg Human Performance laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Health and Physical Education Mount Royal UniversityCalgaryAB T3E 6K6Canada

Purpose This study aimed to investigate if changing the midsole bending stiffness of athletic footwear can affect the onset of lower limb joint work redistribution during a prolonged *** Fifteen trained male runners(10-km time of<44 min)performed 10-km runs at 90%of their individual speed at lactate threshold(i.e.,when change in lactate exceeded 1 mmol/L during an incremental running test)in a control and stiff shoe condition on 2 *** limb joint kinematics and kinetics were measured using a motion capture system and a force-instrumented *** were acquired every 500 *** Prolonged running resulted in a redistribution of positive joint work from distal to proximal joints in both shoe *** to the beginning of the run,less positive work was performed at the ankle(approximately 9%;p≤0.001)and more positive work was performed at the knee joint(approximately 17%;p≤0.001)at the end of the *** running in the stiff shoe condition,the onset of joint work redistribution at the ankle and knee joints occurred at a later point during the *** A delayed onset of joint work redistribution in the stiff condition may result in less activated muscle volume,because ankle plantar flexor muscles have shorter muscles fascicles and smaller cross-sectional areas compared to knee extensor *** active muscle volume could be related to previously reported decreases in metabolic cost when running in stiff *** results contribute to the notion that footwear with increased stiffness likely results in reductions in metabolic cost by delaying joint work redistribution from distal to proximal joints.

关键词： Fatigue Footwear Mechanics Performance Running

Participation in some sports,not running,increases risk of knee and hip osteoarthritis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第3期3卷 225-226页

作者： Songning Zhang Biomechanics/Sports Medicine laboratory Department of Kinesiology.Recreation and Sport StudiesUniversity of Tennessee

Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in older adults inthe United States.1 Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most commonform of arthritis,and knee and hip the most affected *** of the common risk factors are associated with knee andhip OA including age,body weight,past joint injuries,andsport *** in strenuous sports increasesthe risks of ***,it is not clear if participation indifferent sports presents different risks for OA.2 For example,it is well known that running increases the risk for knee injuries,but it remains unknown if running is associated with

关键词：骨关节炎髋关节风险体育运行危险因素剧烈运动膝关节

Hypoxic training methods for improving endurance exercise performance

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第4期4卷 325-332页

作者： Jacob A. Sinex Robert E Chapman School of Public Health Department of Kinesiology Human Performance Laboratory Indiana University Bloomington IN 47401 USA

耐力运动表现与很多因素都高度相关,这些因素可以通过高原训练和低氧训练改变,包括增加红细胞量、提高最大有氧运动能力、增加毛细血管密度和提高有氧运动的经济性。针对短期和长期暴露在低氧环境中的生理适应性已有很多研究,发现从短... 详细信息

耐力运动表现与很多因素都高度相关,这些因素可以通过高原训练和低氧训练改变,包括增加红细胞量、提高最大有氧运动能力、增加毛细血管密度和提高有氧运动的经济性。针对短期和长期暴露在低氧环境中的生理适应性已有很多研究,发现从短期的不利影响到长期适应的过程可提高在高原和海平面比赛的运动表现。许多高原和低氧训练方案逐步被改良,包括通过在海平面、低、中、高不同海拔,以及自然或人工的海拔中生活和训练的各种组合,产生不同程度的训练效果。部分因素已被证实与低氧训练的个体反应有关,鉴定这些运动员最有可能受益于低氧训练的技术值得进一步研究。本研究建议的高住低练方案为;低海拔地区训练的同时,在足够的高度(2 000-3 000 m)每天至少生活12 h,周期最少为21天。尽管此类高住低练建议普遍存在.但有关高原训练时间和比赛运动表现的关系仍存在争论。

关键词：训练方法低氧运动成绩耐力缺氧环境低海拔地区运动表现细胞体积

A comparison of base running and sliding techniques in collegiate baseball with implications for sliding into first base

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第3期5卷 361-367页

作者： Travis Ficklin Jesus Dapena Alexander Brunfeldt Biomechanics laboratory University of Northern Iowa Department of kinesiology Indiana University Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare 4 techniques for arrival at a base after sprinting maximally to reach it: sliding head-first, sliding feet-first, running through the base without slowing, and stopping on the base. A secondary purpose of the study was to determine any advantage there may be to diving into first base to arrive sooner than running through the ***: Two high-definition video cameras were used to capture 3-dimensional kinematics of sliding techniques of 9 intercollegiate baseball players. Another video camera was used to time runs from first base to second in 4 counterbalanced conditions: running through the base, sliding head-first, sliding feet-first, and running to a stop. Mathematical modeling was used to simulate diving to first base such that the slide would begin when the hand touches the ***: Based upon overall results, the quickest way to the base is by running through it, followed by head-first, feet-first, and running to a ***: There was a non-significant trend toward an advantage for diving into first base over running through it, but more research is needed,and even if the advantage is real, the risks of executing this technique probably outweigh the miniscule gain.

关键词： Baseball Biomechanics First base Running Sliding