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Commentary on “Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits”

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 451-452页

作者： Ting Wang Jinghua Chen Robert Schinke Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of kinesiology and Health Sciences Laurentian UniversitySudburyON P3E 2C6Canada

Maltagliati et al.1 recently highlighted the vital role of affective experiences in promoting physical activity(PA).The authors suggested that positive affective experiences,rather than health benefits,can tip the balance in favor of PA over sedentary *** authors proposed a new formal decision model between PA and sedentary alternatives and reported that when health benefits are the unique reason to action,the costs of PA(e.g.,effort)and the subjective value(SV)of sedentary alternatives(V_(sed))are the main drivers of decision-making processes.

关键词： benefits formal decision

Longitudinal bending stiffness does not affect running economy in Nike Vaporfly Shoes

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 285-292页

作者： Laura A.Healey Wouter Hoogkamer Integrative Locomotion laboratory Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003-9258USA

Purpose This study aimed to determine the independent effect of the curved carbon-fiber plate in the Nike Vaporfly 4%shoe on running economy and running *** Fifteen healthy male runners completed a metabolic protocol and a biomechanics *** both protocols participants wore 2 different shoes,an intact Nike Vaporfly 4%(VF_(intact))and a cut Nike Vaporfly 4%(VF_(cut)).The VF_(cut) had 6 medio-lateral cuts through the carbon-fiber plate in the forefoot to reduce the effectiveness of the *** the metabolic protocol,participants ran at 14 km/h for 5 min,twice with each shoe,on a force-measuring treadmill while we measured metabolic *** the biomechanics protocol,participants ran across a runway with embedded force plates at 14 km/*** calculated running economy,kinetics,and lower limb joint *** Running economy did not significantly differ between shoe conditions(on average,0.55%±1.77%(mean±SD))worse in the VF_(cut) compared to the VF_(intact);95%confidence interval(-1.44%to 0.40%).Biomechanical differences were only found in the metatarsophalangeal(MTP)joint with increased MTP dorsiflexion angle,angular velocity,and negative power in the VF_(cut).Contact time was 1%longer in the VF_(intact).Conclusion Cutting the carbon-fiber plate and reducing the longitudinal bending stiffness did not have a significant effect on the energy savings in the Nike Vaporfly 4%.This suggests that the plate's stiffening effect on the MTP joint plays a limited role in the reported energy savings,and instead savings are likely from a combination and interaction of the foam,geometry,and plate.

关键词： Biomechanics Footwear Mechanical doping Metabolic rate Performance

Recent studies of atomic-resolution structures of tau protein and structure-based inhibitors

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Quantitative Biology 2022年第1期10卷 17-34页

作者： Lili Zhu Zhenyu Qian Key laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences(Ministry of Education)and School of kinesiology Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Background:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is one of the most popular *** tangles and senile plaques are-widely recognized as the pathological hallmarks of AD,which are mainly composed of tau andβ-amyloid(Aβ)*** failures of drugs targeting Aβhave led scientists to scrutinize the crucial impact of tau in neurodegenerative *** or abnormal phosphorylated tau protein loses affinity with microtubules and assembles into pathological *** aggregation process closely correlates to two amyloidogenic core of PHF6(^(306)VQIVYK^(311))and PHF6*(^(275)VQILNK^(280))***,tau accumulations display diverse morphological characteristics in different diseases,which increases the difficulty of providing a unifying neuropathological criterion for early ***:This review mainly summarizes atomic-resolution structures of tau protein in the monomeric,oligomeric and fibrillar states,as well as the promising inhibitors designed to prevent tau aggregation or disaggregate tau accumulations,recently revealed by experimental and computational *** also systematically sort tau functions,their relationship with tau structures and the potential pathological processes of tau ***:The current progress on tau structures at atomic level of detail expands our understanding of tau aggregation and related *** discuss the difficulties in determining the source of neurotoxicity and screening effective *** hope this review will inspire new clues for designing medicines against tau aggregation and shed light on AD diagnosis and therapies.

关键词： tau paired helical filaments inhibitor cryo-electron microscopy molecular dynamics simulation

The efficacy of a verification stage for determining VO_(2max)and the impact of sampling intervals

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第2期5卷 101-105页

作者： Emily J.Kontos Nicholas D.Luden Stephanie Kurti Christopher J.Womack Human Performance laboratory Department of KinesiologyJames Madison UniversityHarrisonburgVA22801USA

It is unknown whether oxygen uptake(VO_(2))sampling intervals influence the efficacy of a verification stage following a graded exercise test(GXT).Fifteen females and 14 males(18-25 years)completed a maximal treadmill *** a 5min recovery,the verification stage began at the speed and grade corresponding with the penultimate stage from the *** oxygen consumption(VO_(2max))from the incremental GXT(iVO_(2max))and VO_(2max)from the verification stage(verVO_(2max))were determined using 10 seconds(s),30s,and 60s from breath×breath *** was no main effect for VO_(2max)measure(iVO_(2max)***_(2max))10s([47.9±8.31]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)vs[48.85±7.97]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)),30s([46.94±8.62]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)vs[47.28±7.97]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)),and 60s([46.17±8.62]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)vs[46.00±8.00]ml∙kg^(−1)∙min^(−1)].There was a stage×sampling interval interaction as the difference between(verVO_(2max)−iVO_(2max))was greater for 10-s than 60-s sampling *** verVO_(2max)was>4%higher than iVO_(2max)in 31%,31%,and 17%of the tests for the 10-s,30-s,and 60-s sampling intervals *** for the plateau was90%for all sampling intervals;while specificity was<25%.Findings from the present study suggest that the efficacy of verification stages for eliciting a higher VO_(2max)may be influenced by the sampling interval utilized.

关键词： VO_(2max)testing Verification stage VO_(2max)criteria specificity VO_(2max)criteria sensitivity

The Effect of an Acute Farmers Walk Exercise Bout on Muscle Damage and Recovery in Recreationally Trained Adults

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第2期4卷 156-167页

作者： Jeb F.Struder Daniel E.Newmire Mikaela D.Boham Heather E.Webb Department of kinesiology Korey Stringer InstituteUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry laboratory Department of KinesiologyTexas A&M University-Corpus ChristiCorpus ChristiTX 78412USA Department of kinesiology Mercer UniversityAtlantaGA 30341USA

Purpose The Farmer’s Walk(FW)may supplement resistance training through functional tasks like lifting and carrying weight over various *** information exists concerning the intramuscular responses resulting from FW per-formance,possibly impacting its application in exercise ***,the purpose of the study was to investigate Creatine Kinase(CK)and myoglobin(Mb)responses following the Farmers Walk Condition(FWC)compared to a control protocol(NWC).Methods Fifteen participants(Mean±SEM;age:21.6±0.5 years;height:172.5±2.4 cm;body weight:81.8±4.0 kg)completed an initial session to measure body composition,lower body power,and *** then completed two counter-balanced exercise protocols consisting of a 20-m walk performed within 5 sets of 2 repetitions while either carrying weight(FWC;average wt:85.15±25.55 kg)or not(NWC)with collection of Visually Perceived Muscle Soreness(VPMS),Ratings of Perceived Exertion(RPE),and blood ***,blood samples,and Countermovement Jump(CMJ)height were also collected during recovery from each exercise protocol with significance of P<*** Significant differences were observed between exercise protocols performed including participant RPE(P<0.01),CK(P=0.01),and overall,upper body,and lower body VPMS(P<0.05)*** significant differences were noted for Mb or CMJ *** Training variables implemented during the FWC may have indirectly minimized muscle damage and neuro-muscular inhibitions in *** participants reported mild soreness,the negligible physiological damage suggests the FWC is a safe and appropriate functional movement exercise.

关键词： Creatine Kinase Functional Exercise Myoglobin Soreness Strongman Training

Metabolic cost of level,uphill,and downhill running in highly cushioned shoes with carbon-fiber plates

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 303-308页

作者： Clarissa S.Whiting Wouter Hoogkamer Rodger Kram Locomotion laboratory Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA Integrative Locomotion Lab Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Background:Compared to conventional racing shoes,Nike Vaporfly 4% running shoes reduce the metabolic cost of level treadmill running by4%.The reduction is attributed to their lightweight,highly compliant,and resilient midsole foam and a midsole-embedded curved carbon-fiber *** investigated whether these shoes also could reduce the metabolic cost of moderate uphill(+3°) and downhill(-3°) *** tested the null hypothesis that,compared to conventional racing shoes,highly cushioned shoes with carbon-fiber plates would impart the same ~4%metabolic power(W/kg) savings during uphill and downhill running as they do during level ***:After familiarization,16 competitive male runners performed six 5-min trials(2 shoes × 3 grades) in 2 Nike marathon racing-shoe models(Streak 6 and Vaporfly 4%) on a level,uphill(+3°),and downhill(-3°) treadmill at 13 km/h(3.61 m/s).We measured submaximal oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production during Minutes 4-5 and calculated metabolic power(W/kg) for each shoe model and grade ***:Compared to the conventional shoes(Streak 6),the metabolic power in the Vaporfly 4% shoes was 3.83%(level),2.82%(uphill),and2.70%(downhill)less(all p <0.001).The percent of change in metabolic power for uphill running was less compared to level running(p=0.04;effect size(ES)=0.561) but was not statistically different between downhill and level running(p=0.17;ES=0.356).Conclusion:On a running course with uphill and downhill sections,the metabolic savings and hence performance enhancement provided by Vaporfly 4% shoes would likely be slightly less overall,compared to the savings on a perfectly level race course.

关键词： Energetics Incline Locomotion Oxygen consumption Running economy

The secrets to running economy

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 273-274页

作者： Walter Herzog Human Performance laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada

Every once in a while,a sport is revolutionized by a discovery or a new *** the mid-1980s,cross-country skiing was changed forever by the introduction of the skating *** Fosbury revolutionized high-jumping when he won the Olympic Games by crossing the bar“backwards”,and the development of the“klapp-skate”led to vast improvements of world records in speed skating.

关键词： technique. backward revolution

Monitoring Competition Jump Load in Division I Female Collegiate Volleyball Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第3期4卷 221-230页

作者： Chad H.Herring David H.Fukuda Physiology of Work and Exercise Response(POWER)laboratory Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoUSA Division of kinesiology School of Kinesiology and Physical TherapyUniversity of Central Florida12494 University BoulevardOrlandoFL 32816USA

Aim Tracking competition jump data provides a practical approach for assessing external load in *** The purpose of this study was to analyze competition jump load in collegiate volleyball *** Data from nine National Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA)Division I female volleyball players from the 2018 and 2019 competitive seasons were *** were individually assigned,time-stamped,and recorded for *** count and rate overall and at low,moderate,high,and maximal intensities were ***-way ANOVAs were used to assess the variance in mean jump height from all jumps(HT_(all))and top five jump heights from each match(HTtop5)across positions(middle blocker *** hitter ***-side hitter),timepoint in season(early ***),match length(3-vs.4-vs.5-set match),and Friday/Sunday matches and two-way ANOVAs were used to analyze jump count and rate differences across *** Significant differences in HTall and HTtop5 across positions(P0.05),HTall,HTtop5,or jump rate by match length(P>0.05),or HTall,HTtop5,jump count,or jump rate between Friday/Sunday matches(P>0.05).Conclusion Significant differences in competition jump height and load exist in NCAA Division I female volleyball *** load alterations during training sessions may be warranted to maximize athlete readiness and performance.

关键词： Injury prevention Measurement Overtraining Performance Team sport

Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games:Commitments to science and public health

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 1-2页

作者： Yu Liu Barbara E.Ainsworth Erich Müller Key laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Barbara E.Ainsworth Guest Editor School of KinesiologyShanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Sport Science and kinesiology University of SalzburgSalzburg5400Austria

The Beijing 24th 2022 Winter Olympic Games present a unique opportunity to promote the spirit and values of the Olympic Games in relation to their impact on physical activity and global health,sports medicine,and sports *** 2022 Winter Olympic Games mark the 98th year since the first Winter Games were held in Chamonix,France,in *** inaugural Winter Olympic Games sponsored 16 events,and 250 athletes from 16 nations participated.1 In contrast,the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games will sponsor 109 events.

关键词： Winter Games sports