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Satellite remote sensing reveals overwhelming recovery of forest from disturbances in Asia

Atmospheric and Oceanic science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 46-51页

作者： Yiying Zhu Hesong Wang Anzhi Zhang School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Regional Climate and Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Forestry and landscape Architecture Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina

Forest ecosystems play key roles in mitigating human-induced climate change through enhanced carbon uptake;however,frequently occurring climate extremes and human activities have considerably threatened the stability of *** the same time,detailed accounts of disturbances and forest responses are not yet well quantified in *** study employed the Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend method-an abrupt-change detection method-to analyze the Enhanced Vegetation Index time series in East Asia,South Asia,and Southeast *** approach allowed us to detect forest disturbance and quantify the resilience after *** showed that 20%of forests experienced disturbance with an increasing trend from 2000 to 2022,and Southeast Asian countries were more severely affected by ***,95%of forests had robust resilience and could recover from disturbance within a few *** resilience of forests suffering from greater magnitude of disturbance tended to be stronger than forests with lower disturbance *** summary,this study investigated the resilience of forests across the low and middle latitudes of Asia over the past two *** authors found that most forests exhibited good resilience after disturbance and about two-thirds had recovered to a better state in *** findings of this study underscore the complex relationship between disturbance and resilience,contributing to comprehension of forest resilience through satellite remote sensing.

关键词： Forest ecosystem Enhanced vegetation index Breaks for additive seasonal and trend method Disturbance Resilience

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Total Fragmentation Cross Section of 158A GeV Lead Projectiles in Cu Target

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第9期25卷 3208-3211页

作者： Mukhtar Ahmed Rana Shahid Manzoor Physics Division Directorate of Science PINSTECH PO Nilore Islamabad Pakistan

Total fragmentation cross section for the reaction 158A Pb ions ＋ Cu target is measured using the most sensitive track detector CR-39. Measured values are compared with calculations. Exposures of target-detector stack with 158A P5 projectiles are made at CERN-SPS beam facility. Results of calibration of CR-39 detector in a charge region （63 ≤ Z ≤ 83） are also reported, which can be used for high energy particle identification using CR-39 and in determination of partial charge changing cross sections. The charge resolution δz achieved by this technique is about 0.2e. A systematic dependence of total fragmentation cross section on target properties is revealed and the corresponding results are presented.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

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Cloning of flavonoid 3’,5’-hydroxylase and 3’-hydroxylase homologs from black currant(Ribes nigrum) and their differential expression at various fruit maturation stages

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 463-470页

作者： Xing-guo Li Tian-tian Yang Ze-yuan Yu Jun-wei Huo Qin Dong Ya-dong Duan Guang Yang College of Horticulture & landscape Architecture Northeast Agricultural University College of wildlife Resources Northeast Forestry University Berries Research Institute Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase(F3’ H) and 3’,5’-hydroxylase(F3’5’ H) generate precursor molecules for the synthesis of cyanidin-based anthocyanins(red) and delphinidin-based anthocyanins(blue to purple) in Ribes nigrum L.(black currant). In this study, full-length 1780 and 165’-bp cDNA homologs of RnF3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 from black currant were identified and cloned using a homologous cloning technique. Data revealed that Rn F3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 are homologs that encode enzymes involved in anthocyanin synthesis from different plants,which phylogenetically cluster with the CYP75 B and CYP75 A families in the P45’ superfamily, *** enzymes encoded by these two genes also shared a high homology with flavonoid hydroxylases identified from other plants. Furthermore, RnF3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 levels were upregulated during fruit maturation. RnF3’5’ H1 levels were associated with both anthocyanin and soluble carbohydrate levels in blackcurrant, while RnF3’ H1 expression did not have such an association. The structure and expression patterns of RnF3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 in blackcurrant were also characterized. Further studies should aid understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in black currant to develop molecular approaches and manipulate anthocyanin production in blackcurrant.

关键词： Anthocyanin Flavonoid Gene cloning Expression Blackcurrant

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Etchability of Latent Fission Fragment Tracks in CR-39

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第11期24卷 3107-3110页

作者： Mukhtar Ahmed Rana Physics Division Directorate of Science PINSTECH P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan

We report the chemical etching behaviour of the CR-39 polymer detector exposed to fission fragments of 252Cf describing etchability of latent tracks, which are like nanocylinders. The fission fragment exposed detectors were etched in 1-7 N NaOH water solutions at temperatures 50-80℃ for 45 min in the case of track length and 180 min in the case of track diameter measurements. The reduced etch rate S （called here etchability） is determined using experimental results for all etching conditions and the etching conditions with the highest reduced etch are obtained. Physics and energetics of bulk and track etching are discussed. Possible effects causing spurious changes in determination of activation energy of etching are investigated.

关键词： coated conductor buffer layer self-epitaxy CeO2

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Total and Extractable Manganese and Iron in Some Cultivated Acid Soils of India:Status,Distribution and Relationship with Some Soil Properties

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Pedosphere 2014年第2期24卷 196-208页

作者： S.K.BEHERA A.K.SHUKLA directorate of Oil Palm Research (DOPR) Indian Institute of Soil science (IISS)

A total of 400 surface soil （0-15 cm） samples were collected from cultivated soils representing four soil series, namely, Hariharapur, Debatoli, Rajpora and Neeleswaram in Orissa, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala states of India, respectively, and were analyzed to measure the contents of total and extractable Mn and Fe, to establish the relationship among total and extractable Mn and Fe and soil properties, and to characterize the spatial distribution pattern of Mn and Fe in some cultivated acid soils of India. The contents of total as well as extractable Mn and Fe varied widely with extractants and soil series. However, the amounts of Mn or Fe extracted by diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid （DTPA）, Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3, 0.1 mol L-1 HC1 and ammonium bicarbonate DTPA （ABDTPA） were significantly correlated with each other （P 〈 0.01）. Based on the DTPA-extractable contents and the critical limits （2 mg Mn kg-1 soil and 4.5 mg Fe kg-1 soil） published in the literature, Mn and Fe deficiencies were observed in 7% 23% and 1%-3% of the soil samples, respectively. The content of soil organic carbon （SOC） had greater influence on total and DTPA-extractable Fe than did soil pH. Geostatistical analysis revealed that total and DTPA-extractable Mn and Fe contents in the acid soils were influenced by soil pH, SOC content, and exchangeable cations like potassium, calcium and magnesium. Spatial distribution maps of total and DTPA-extractable Mn and Fe in soil indicated different distribution patterns.

关键词： micronutrients extractant geostatistical analysis spatial variability

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A possible approach to reduce the emittance of HLS- storage ring using a Robinson wiggler

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Chinese Physics C 2013年第10期37卷 99-104页

作者：李京祎刘功发徐卫李为民李永军 National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Photon science directorate Brookhaven National Laboratory

In this paper, we present some preliminary studies on using a Robinson wiggler to reduce the horizontal beam emittance in the Hefei Light Source II （HLS-II） storage ring. A proof-of-principle lattice demonstrates that it is possible to reduce its emittance by 50% with a 2-meter long wiggler. This encouraging result suggests a feasible option to significantly improve the machine performance at a relatively low cost.

关键词： storage ring emittance Robinson wiggler

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Retarded Embryo Development 1(RED1) regulates embryo development,seed maturation and plant growth in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第7期43卷 439-449页

作者： Qian Du Huanzhong Wang Department of Plant science and landscape Architecture University of Connecticut Institute for Systems Genomics University of Connecticut

Plant seeds accumulate large amounts of protein and carbohydrate as storage reserves during matura- tion. Thus, understanding the genetic control of embryo and seed development may provide bioengi- neering tools for yield improvement. In this study, we report the identification of Retarded Embryo Development1 （RED1） gene in Arabidopsis, whose two independent T-DNA insertion mutant lines, SALK_085642 （red1-1 ） and SALK_022583 （red1-2）, show a retarded embryo development phenotype. The embryogenesis process ceases at the late heart stage in red1-1 and at the bent-cotyledon stage in red1-2, respectively, resulting in seed abortion in both lines. The retarded embryo development and seed abortion phenotypes reverted to normal when REDI complementation constructs were introduced into mutant plants. Small redl-2 homozygous plants can be successfully rescued by culturing immature seeds, indicating that seed abortion likely results from compromised tolerance to the desiccation process associated with seed maturation. Consistent with this observation, redl-2 seeds accumulate less protein, and the expression of two late embryo development reporter transgenes, LEA：：GUS and β-con- glycinin：：GUS, was significantly weak and started relatively late in the redl-2 mutant lines compared to the wild type. The REDI gene encodes a plant specific novel protein that is localized in the nucleus. These results indicate that RED1 plays important roles in embryo development, seed maturation and plant growth.

关键词： Embryo Development Seed maturation Growth Arabidopsis

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A KH Domain-Containing Putative RNA-Binding Protein Is Critical for Heat Stress-Responsive Gene Regulation and Thermotolerance in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 386-395页

作者： Qingmei Guan Changlong Wen Haitao Zeng Jianhua Zhu Department of Plant science and landscape Architecture University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA

Heat stress is a severe environmental factor that significantly reduces plant growth and delays develop-ment. Heat stress factors （HSFs） are a class of transcription factors that are synthesized rapidly in response to elevations in temperature and are responsible for the transcription of many heat stress-responsive genes including those encoding heat shock proteins （HSPs）. There are 21 HSFs in Arabidopsis, and recent studies have established that the HSFA1 family members are master regulators for the remaining HSFs. However, very little is known about upstream molecular factors that control the expression of HSFA1 genes and other HSF genes under heat stress. Through a forward genetic analysis, we identified RCF3, a K homology （KH） domain-containing nuclear-localized putative RNA-binding protein. RCF3 is a neg- ative regulator of most HSFs, including HSFAla, HSFAlb, and HSFAld. In contrast, RCF3 positively controls the expression of HSFAle, HSFA3, HSFAg, HSFB3, and DREB2C. Consistently with the overall increased accumulation of heat-responsive genes, the rcf3 mutant plants are more tolerant than the wild-type to heat stress. Together, our results suggest that a KH domain-containing putative RNA-binding protein RCF3 is an important upstream regulator for heat stress-responsive gene expression and thermotolerance in Arabidopsis.

关键词： RNA-binding protein RCF3 HSF HSR

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A review of ecological impacts of global climate change on persistent organic pollutant and mercury pathways and exposures in arctic marine ecosystems

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 617-628页

作者： Melissa A. MCKINNEY Sara PEDRO Rune DIETZ Christian SONNE Aaron T. FISK Denis ROY Bjorn M. JENSSEN Robert J. LETCHER Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Center for Environmental sciences and Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Department of Bioscience Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO-7491 Norway wildlife and landscape science directorate Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada National Wildlife Research Centre Carleton University Ottawa ON K1A 0H3 Canada

Bioaccumulative and biomagnifying contaminants, such as persistent organic pollutants （POPs） and mercury （Hg）, have for decades been recognized as a health concern in arctic marine biota. In recent years, global climate change （GCC） and related loss of arctic sea ice have been observed to be driving substantial change in arctic ecosystems. This review summarizes findings documenting empirical links between GCC-induced ecological changes and alterations in POP and Hg exposures and pathways in arctic marine ecosystems. Most of the studies have reported changes in POP or Hg concentrations in tissue in relation to GCC-induced changes in species trophic interactions. These studies have typically focused on the role of changes in abun- dance, habitat range or accessibility of prey species, particularly in relation to sea ice changes. Yet, the ecological change that re- suited in contaminant trend changes has often been unclear or assumed. Other studies have successfully used chemical tracers, such as stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios and fatty acid signatures to link such ecological changes to contaminant level variations or trends. Lower sea ice linked-diet changes/variation were associated with higher contaminant levels in some popula- tions of polar bears, ringed seals, and thick-billed murres, but the influence of changing trophic interactions on POP levels and trends varied widely in both magnitude and direction. We suggest that future research in this new area of GCC-linked ecotox- icology should focus on routine analysis of ancillary ecological metrics with POP and Hg studies, simultaneous consideration of the multiple mechanisms by which GCC and contaminant interactions can occur, and targeted research on changing exposures and toxicological effects in species known to be sensitive to both GCC and contaminants [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 617-628, 2015].

关键词： Climate change Ecological change Contaminants Trends Arctic Marine ecosystems

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A computational fluid dynamics model for wind simulation:model implementation and experimental validation

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第4期13卷 274-283页

作者： Zhuo-dong ZHANG Ralf WIELAND Matthias REICHE Roger FUNK Carsten HOFFMANN Yong LI Michael SOMMER Institute of Soil landscape Research Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF)Muencheberg 15374Germany Institute of landscape System Analysis Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF)Muencheberg 15374Germany Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China Institute of Earth and Environmental science University of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany

To provide physically based wind modelling for wind erosion research at regional scale, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) wind model was developed. The model was programmed in C language based on the Navier-Stokes equations, and it is freely available as open source. Integrated with the spatial analysis and modelling tool (SAMT), the wind model has convenient input preparation and powerful output visualization. To validate the wind model, a series of experiments was con- ducted in a wind tunnel. A blocking inflow experiment was designed to test the performance of the model on simulation of basic fluid processes. A round obstacle experiment was designed to check if the model could simulate the influences of the obstacle on wind field. Results show that measured and simulated wind fields have high correlations, and the wind model can simulate both the basic processes of the wind and the influences of the obstacle on the wind field. These results show the high reliability of the wind model. A digital elevation model (DEM) of an area (3800 m long and 1700 m wide) in the Xilingele grassland in Inner Mongolia (autonomous region, China) was applied to the model, and a 3D wind field has been successfully generated. The clear imple- mentation of the model and the adequate validation by wind tunnel experiments laid a solid foundation for the prediction and assessment of wind erosion at regional scale.

关键词： Wind model Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Wind erosion Wind tunnel experiments Spatial analysis andmodelling tool (SAMT) Open source

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