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Cosmological Gravitational Redshift, Spectral Shift and Time in the Taub-NUT universe

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第9期15卷 1448-1459页

作者： Charles H. McGruder III Department of Physics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green Kentucky USA

We demonstrate that: 1) The Taub-NUT universe is finite. 2) The Taub-NUT universe is much larger than the maximum observable distance according to the standard theory of cosmology. 3) At large distances the spectral s... 详细信息

关键词： Cosmology General Relativity

Extinction of Light in the Galactic Halo: First Observational Evidence of the Interaction of Light and Dark Matter

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第8期15卷 1144-1198页

作者： Charles H. McGruder III Department of Physics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green USA

We study the distribution of quasars on the celestial sphere according to ground-based SDSS and space-based WISE and Gaia observations. All distributions as a function of galactic latitude, b, exhibit a decrease in quasar frequency well outside the dust in and near the galactic plane. We prove that the observed decrease in quasar frequency at high galactic latitudes is not accompanied by reddening, meaning that it can not be caused by dust. The scattering of light by the circumgalactic gas is negligible because the Thomson scattering cross section is very small. We conclude the observed scattering of light must be caused by dark matter in the galactic halo. We determine the mass and charge of dark matter particles. If the dark matter particle is a fermion its mass, mDMand charge eDM=δe, where e is the elementary charge are: mDM=3.2×10−2eV and δ=3.856×10−5. If however the dark matter particle is spinless then: mDM=0.511eV and δ=2.132×10−4. These values for the charge of a dark matter particle are orders of magnitude higher than the upper limit of the neutrino charge according to laboratory experiments. Consequently, dark matter particles are not charged neutrinos. Since dark matter particles are charged, they must emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation. However, PDM~δ2, or: PDM~1.487×10−9Pe, where Peis the power output of a single electron.

关键词： Milky Way Dark Matter Halo (1049)

Mercury transportation in soil via using gypsum from flue gas desulfurization unit in coal-fired power plant

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1858-1864页

作者： Kelin Wang William Orndorff Yan Cao Weiping Pan Institute for Combustion Science and Environmental Technology Western Kentucky University

The mercury flux in soils was investigated, which were amended by gypsums from flue gas desulphurization （FGD） units of coal- fired power plants. Studies have been carried out in confined greenhouses using FGD gypsum treated soils. Major research focus is uptakes of mercury by plants, and emission of mercury into the atmosphere under varying application rates of FGD gypsum, simulating rainfall irrigations, soils, and plants types. Higher FGD gypsum application rates generally led to higher mercury concentrations in the soils, the increased mercury emissions into the atmosphere, and the increased mercury contents in plants （especially in roots and leaves）. Soil properties and plant species can play important roles in mercury transports. Some plants, such as tall fescue, were able to prevent mercury from atmospheric emission and infiltration in the soil. Mercury concentration in the stem of plants was found to be increased and then leveled off upon increasing FGD gypsum application. However, mercury in roots and leaves was generally increased upon increasing FGD gypsum application rates. Some mercury was likely absorbed by leaves of plants from emitted mercury in the atmosphere.

关键词： flue gas desulphurization gypsums soils mercury emissions mercury uptakes mercury infiltration greenhouse tests

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rs6265(Val66Met)single nucleotide polymorphism as a master modifier of human pathophysiology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 102-106页

作者： Van Thuan Nguyen Braxton Hill Naiya Sims Aaron Heck Marcus Negron Claire Lusk Cristi LGalindo Department of Biology Western Kentucky UniversityBowling GreenKYUSA

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is the most prevalent member of the nerve growth factor *** its discovery in 1978,this enigmatic molecule has spawned more than 27,000 publications,most of which are focused on neurological ***-derived neurotrophic factor is indispensable during embryogenesis and postnatally for the normal development and function of both the central and peripheral nervous *** is becoming increasingly clear,however,that brain-derived neurotrophic factor likewise plays crucial roles in a variety of other biological functions independently of sympathetic or parasympathetic ***-derived neurotrophic factor is also increasingly recognized as a sophisticated environmental sensor and master coordinator of whole organismal *** that point,we recently found that a common nonsynonymous(Val66→Met)single nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene(rs6265)not only substantially alters basal cardiac transcriptomics in mice but subtly influences heart gene expression and function differentially in males and *** addition to a short description of recent results from associative neuropsychiatric studies,this review provides an eclectic assortment of research reports that support a modulatory role for rs6265 including and beyond the central nervous system.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor neuropsychiatric disorders rs6265 Val66Met

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第2期22卷 277-282页

作者： Chengli Wu Yan Cao Zhongbing Dong Chinmin Cheng Hanxu Li Weiping Pan School of Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 China Institute for Combustion Science and Environmental Technology Western Kentucky University Bowling Green Kentucky 42101 USA

Air pollution control devices （APCDs） are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction （SCR） and wet flue gas desulftLrization （FGD） systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation affect mercury removal efficiently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method （OHM） recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor affecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury （Hg^2＋） and more elemental mercury （Hg^0） at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation efficiency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal efficiency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%-96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%-68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal efficiency was 95.9%-98.0%, and there was a big difference in the total mercury removal efficiencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.

关键词： mercury speciation mercury removal air pollution control device field testing

Geomorphological responses of rivers to active tectonics along the Siwalik Hills,Midwestern Nepalese Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第5期18卷 1268-1294页

作者： Indu BHATTARAI Nahid D.GANI Liang XUE Department of Earth Environmentaland Atmospheric SciencesWestern Kentucky UniversityBowling GreenKentucky 42101USA Earth and Environmental Sciences Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNew York 13244USA

The Nepalese Himalaya is well known for ongoing collisional tectonics,witnessed by major historical and recent *** Siwalik Hills in Midwestern Nepalese Himalaya are bounded by eastwest trending Main Frontal Thrust(MFT)to the south and the Main Boundary Thrust(MBT)to the *** area is dissected by numerous southwest to south-flowing bedrock *** study investigates geomorphic metrics of these rivers to unravel landscape evolution and active tectonics of the Siwalik *** Elevation Model(DEM)analysis was conducted to extract structural lineaments and longitudinal river profile and their metrics(knickpoints,Normalized Steepness Index(ksn),concavity index,and chi integral)using steam powerlaw *** of the lineaments trend eastwest like *** profiles exhibit convex to double-concave shapes with upstream-propagating tectonic knickpoints that separate upstream and downstream reaches,indicating different phases of river *** spatial distribution of ksn shows high values along with low concavity values at the eastern part of the study area,reflecting disequilibrium conditions that are likely responding to a high uplift *** integral distribution shows a variation in drainage divide migration between the eastern and western parts of the study *** study suggests that the rivers in the Siwalik Hills are undergoing active incision likely related to the ongoing uplift and active deformation associated with the Himalayan *** above findings can bring fresh perspectives to comprehend the neotectonic deformation and lateral variability along the Siwalik Hills landscapes within the Himalaya.

关键词： Longitudinal river profiles Siwalik Hills Nepalese Himalaya Active Tectonics

Season of birth influences on breastfeeding incidence and duration

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第6期16卷 635-636页

作者： Claudia W.Strow Brian K.Strow western kentucky university 1906 College Heights Blvd.Bowling GreenKY 42101USA

Recent research suggests that an individual’s season of birth can influence his or her health,educational,professional,and behavioral outcomes[1-10].The consumption of breastmilk in infancy is also believed to be correlated with these *** existing studies identify breastfeeding seasonality patterns in developing nations[11-14].However,existing studies do not examine if seasonal differences in breastfeeding exist in the United *** whether or not the season of birth affects one’s breastfeeding likelihood is the first step in recognizing whether breastfeeding seasonality may contribute to the correlation between one’s season of birth and his or her outcomes.

关键词： season seasonal breast

Impacting Factors of Elemental Mercury Re-emission across a Lab-scale Simulated Scrubber

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2010年第3期18卷 523-528页

作者：武成利曹晏董众兵潘伟平 School of Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 China Institute for Combustion Science and Environmental Technology Western Kentucky University 42101 USA

Elemental mercury（Hg^0）re-emissions from slurries and solutions were evaluated in a lab-scale simulated *** mercury（Hg^2 ＋）standard solution was injected into the simulated scrubber at a desired rate to simulate absorbing and dissolving of Hg^2 ＋in the flue gas across wet flue gas desulfurization（WFGD）systems. PS analytical mercury analyzer was used to continuously determine Hg0re-emission concentrations in the carrier gas from the *** ion in the slurry of CaSO3 was validated to reduce Hg ^2＋to Hg^ 0,while no Hg ^0 re-emission occurred from slurries of CaSO4 and *** metal ions with low chemical valence such as Fe^2 ＋,Pb ^2＋,Ni ^2＋, AsO2^-and Cu ^＋were used to prepare solutions with concentration levels of mmol·L^-*** reaction of Hg^2 ＋to Hg 0was observed from these *** capabilities for the different transitional metal ions in the solutions were：Pb^2 ＋〉Cu ^＋〉Fe^ 2＋〉 AsO2^-〉Ni ^2＋.

关键词： simulated scrubber elemental mercur-y re-emission impacting factors sulfite transitional metal ions

Mercury adsorption characteristics of HBr-modified fly ash in an entrained-flow reactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 156-162页

作者： Yongsheng Zhang Lilin Zhao Ruitao Guo Na Song Jiawei Wang Yan Cao William Orndorff Wei-ping Pan Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment Ministry of Education North China Electric Power University Institute for Combustion Science and Environmental Technology Western Kentucky University

In this study, the mercury adsorption characteristics of HBr-modified fly ash in an entrained-flow reactor were investigated through thermal decomposition methods. The results show that the mercury adsorption performance of the HBr-modified fly ash was enhanced significantly. The mercury species adsorbed by unmodified fly ash were Hg Cl2,Hg S and Hg O. The mercury adsorbed by HBr-modified fly ash, in the entrained-flow reactor,existed in two forms, Hg Br2 and Hg O, and the HBr was the dominant factor promoting oxidation of elemental mercury in the entrained-flow reactor. In the current study, the concentration of Hg Br2 and Hg O in ash from the fine ash vessel was 4.6 times greater than for ash from the coarse ash vessel. The fine ash had better mercury adsorption performance than coarse ash, which is most likely due to the higher specific surface area and longer residence time.

关键词： Mercury Modified fly ash Entrained-flow reactor Thermal decomposition