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The Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)Project in Central Asia:The Case for a Regional Hydroclimate Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 777-783页

作者： Michael BRODY Maksim KULIKOV Sagynbek ORUNBAEV Peter J.VAN OEVELEN International Agricultural university Tashkent 111200Uzbekistan George Mason university FairfaxVirginia 22030USA university of Central Asia Bishkek 720001Kyrgyz Republic American university of Central Asia Bishkek 720060Kyrgyz Republic International GEWEX project George Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginia 22030USA

Central Asia consists of the former Soviet Republics,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyz Republic,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and *** region’s climate is continental,mostly semi-arid to *** is a significant part of the region’s *** its nature of intensive water use,agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate *** growth and irrigation development have significantly increased the demand for water in the *** climate change issues include melting glaciers and a shrinking snowpack,which are the foundation of the region’s water resources,and a changing precipitation *** glaciers are located in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan,leading to transboundary water resource *** already has extremely high *** indicate that Central Asia has been warming and precipitation might be *** warming is expected to increase,but its spatial and temporal distribution depends upon specific global *** of future precipitation show significant uncertainties in type,amount,and *** Hydroclimate Projects(RHPs)are an approach to studying these *** steps to develop an RHP began in 2021 with a widely distributed online survey about these climate *** was followed up with an online workshop and then,in 2023,an in-person workshop,held in Tashkent,*** for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)project for the region include both observations and modeling,as well as development of better and additional precipitation observations,all of which are topics for the next workshop.A well-designed RHP should lead to reductions in critical climate uncertainties in policy-relevant timeframes that can influence decisions on necessary investments in climate adaptation.

关键词： GEWEX Central Asia climate change agriculture

Recent Advances on Networked Systems and Intelligent Control--Dedicated to a Visionary Leader:*** Xie's 60th Birthday

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 1-2页

作者： Jie Chen Jie Huang Zongli Lin Tongji university The Chinese university of Hong Kong China university of virginia

It is with great pleasure and admiration that we celebrate the 60th birthday of ProfessorLihua Xie, a distinguished researcher and visionary leader in the field of robust control andestimation. Prof. Xie’s remarkable journey, marked by outstanding achievements and groundbreaking contributions, has left an indelible mark on the world of engineering and academia.

关键词： estimation breaking outstanding

Luminescent metal-halide perovskites:fundamentals,synthesis,and light-emitting devices

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 1776-1838页

作者： Kang Wang Jeong Hui Kim Jie Yang Xiaoke Liu Yixuan Dou Yuxuan Li Weijian Tao Haiyun Dong Haiming Zhu Kaifeng Wu Li Na Quan Feng Gao Jianpu Wang Letian Dou Yong Sheng Zhao Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS) Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM)&School of Flexible Electronics(Future Technologies)Nanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)Nanjing211816China Department of Physics Linköping UniversityLinköping58183Sweden Department of Chemistry Virginia TechBlacksburgVA24060USA State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023China Department of Chemistry Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Changzhou university Changzhou213164China Department of Chemistry Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA

Metal-halide perovskites have garnered considerable research attention as highly efficient light emitters in recent years due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties with remarkable tunability and excellent solution *** advancements have been achieved in the development of novel halide perovskites,and the exploitations of these materials in lightemitting *** review comprehensively outlines recent breakthroughs in metal-halide perovskites,encompassing the rational design of perovskite materials with tunable light emission properties,the controllable growth of single crystal for a deeper understanding of their structure-property relationships,as well as the fundamental insights into the photophysics and carrier dynamics in perovskite ***,it provides an overview of recent applications of perovskite materials in high-performance light-emitting diodes(LEDs)and lasers.

关键词： metal-halide perovskites perovskite luminescent materials perovskite synthesis excited-state processes perovskite light-emitting diodes perovskite lasers

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Monocyte and macrophage function in respiratory viral infections

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 40-47页

作者： Mohd Arish Jie Sun Beirne B.Carter Center for Immunology Research University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22908USA Division of Infectious Disease and International Health Department of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22908USA

Pulmonary macrophages,such as tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages,are the major macrophages present in the lungs during homeostasis and diseased *** tissue-resident macrophages act as sentinels of the alveolar space and play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and immune regulation,recruited macrophages accumulate in the respiratory tract after acute viral *** sharing similar anatomical niches,these macrophages are distinct in terms of their origins,surface marker expression,and transcriptional profiles,which impart macrophages with distinguished characteristics in physi-ological and pathophysiological *** this review,we summarize the current view on these macrophage populations,their shared functions,and what makes them distinct from each other in the context of homeostasis andrespiratoryviral infections.

关键词： Alveolar macrophages Interstitial macrophages Monocytes derived macrophages Viral infection IAV RSV SARS-COV-2

High precision atom-referenced and fully frequency-stabilized soliton microcomb

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 9-9页

作者： Xiangwen Guo Xu Yi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesville VA 22911USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesville VA 22911USA

Optical frequency combs(OFCs)have significant impacts on science and technology since they uniquely establish coherent connections between electrical signals at radio frequencies and optical-rate signals derived from ... 详细信息

关键词： frequency soliton stabilized

Least Square Finite Element Model for Analysis of Multilayered Composite Plates under Arbitrary Boundary Conditions

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第1期12卷 40-64页

作者： Christian Mathew Yao Fu Department of Engineering Mechanics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA

Laminated composites are widely used in many engineering industries such as aircraft, spacecraft, boat hulls, racing car bodies, and storage tanks. We analyze the 3D deformations of a multilayered, linear elastic, anisotropic rectangular plate subjected to arbitrary boundary conditions on one edge and simply supported on other edge. The rectangular laminate consists of anisotropic and homogeneous laminae of arbitrary thicknesses. This study presents the elastic analysis of laminated composite plates subjected to sinusoidal mechanical loading under arbitrary boundary conditions. Least square finite element solutions for displacements and stresses are investigated using a mathematical model, called a state-space model, which allows us to simultaneously solve for these field variables in the composite structure’s domain and ensure that continuity conditions are satisfied at layer interfaces. The governing equations are derived from this model using a numerical technique called the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM). These LSFEMs seek to minimize the squares of the governing equations and the associated side conditions residuals over the computational domain. The model is comprised of layerwise variables such as displacements, out-of-plane stresses, and in- plane strains, treated as independent variables. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the response of the laminated composite plates under various arbitrary boundary conditions using LSFEM and compared with the 3D elasticity solution available in the literature.

关键词： Multilayered Composite and Sandwich Plate Transverse Stress Continuity Condition Arbitrary Boundary Condition Layerwise Theory Least-Squares Formulation

Epigenetic modification in liver fibrosis:Promising therapeutic direction with significant challenges ahead

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1009-1029页

作者： Runping Liu Yajing Li Qi Zheng Mingning Ding Huiping Zhou Xiaojiaoyang Li School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 102400China School of Life Sciences Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 102400China Department of Microbiology and Immunology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 22460USA

Liver fibrosis,characterized by scar tissue formation,can ultimately result in liver ***’s a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally,often associated with chronic liver diseases like hepatitis or alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver ***,current treatment options are limited,highlighting the urgent need for the development of new *** a reversible regulatory mechanism,epigenetic modification is implicated in many biological processes,including liver *** the epigenetic mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis could provide valuable insights into developing new treatments for chronic liver diseases,although the current evidence is still *** review provides a comprehensive summary of the regulatory mechanisms and critical targets of epigenetic modifications,including DNA methylation,histone modification,and RNA modification,in liver fibrotic *** potential cooperation of different epigenetic modifications in promoting fibrogenesis was also ***,available agonists or inhibitors regulating these epigenetic mechanisms and their potential application in preventing liver fibrosis were *** summary,elucidating specific druggable epigenetic targets and developing more selective and specific candidate medicines may represent a promising approach with bright prospects for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.

关键词： Liver fibrosis Epigenetics regulation DNA methylation Histone acetylation Histone methylation mRNA methylation Non-coding RNA Drug development

Effects of dust controls on respirable coal mine dust composition and particle sizes:case studies on auxiliary scrubbers and canopy air curtain

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 86-101页

作者： F.Animah C.Keles W.R.Reed E.Sarver Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute&State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) PittsburghPAUSA

Control of dust in underground coal mines is critical for mitigating both safety and health *** decades,the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)has led research to evaluate the effectiveness of various dust control technologies in coal *** studies have included the evaluation of auxiliary scrubbers to reduce respirable dust downstream of active mining and the use of canopy air curtains(CACs)to reduce respirable dust in key operator *** detailed dust characterization was not a focus of such studies,this is a growing area of *** preserved filter samples from three previous NIOSH studies,the current work aims to explore the effect of two different scrubbers(one wet and one dry)and a roof bolter CAC on respirable dust composition and particle size *** this,the preserved filter samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and/or scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive *** indicate that dust composition was not appreciably affected by either scrubber or the ***,the wet scrubber and CAC appeared to decrease the overall particle size *** an effect of the dry scrubber was not consistently observed,but this is probably related to the particular sampling location downstream of the scrubber which allowed for significant mixing of the scrubber exhaust and other return *** from the insights gained with respect to the three specific dust control case studies revisited here,this work demonstrates the value of preserved dust samples for follow-up investigation more broadly.

关键词： Respirable dust Dust control SEM–EDX Scrubber Canopy air curtain Silica

Exploring the influences of education,intelligence and income on mental disorders

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 64-72页

作者： Ancha Baranova Hongbao Cao Fuquan Zhan George Mason university FairfaxVirginiaUSA Research Centre for Medical Genetics MoscowRussia Nanjing Medical university Affiliated Brain Hospital NanjingZhejiangChina

Background Previous studies have shown that educational attainment(EA),intelligence and income are key factors associated with mental ***,the direct effects of each factor on major mental disorders are *** We aimed to evaluate the overall and independent causal effects of the three psychosocial factors on common mental *** Using genome-wide association study summary datasets,we performed Mendelian randomisation(MR)and multivariable MR(MVMR)analyses to assess potential associations between the 3 factors(EA,N=766345;household income,N=392422;intelligence,N=146808)and 13 common mental disorders,with sample sizes ranging from 9907 to ***-variance weighting was employed as the main method in the MR *** Our MR analysis showed that(1)higher EA was a protective factor for eight mental disorders but contributed to anorexia nervosa,obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD),bipolar disorder(BD)and autism spectrum disorder(ASD);(2)higher intelligence was a protective factor for five mental disorders but a risk factor for OCD and ASD;(3)higher household income protected against 10 mental disorders but confers risk for anorexia *** MVMR analysis showed that(1)higher EA was a direct protective factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)and insomnia but a direct risk factor for schizophrenia,BD and ASD;(2)higher intelligence was a direct protective factor for schizophrenia but a direct risk factor for major depressive disorder(MDD)and ASD;(3)higher income was a direct protective factor for seven mental disorders,including schizophrenia,BD,MDD,ASD,post-traumatic stress disorder,ADHD and anxiety *** Our study reveals that education,intelligence and income intertwine with each *** each factor,its independent effects on mental disorders present a more complex picture than its overall effects.

关键词： protective disorders income