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Joint fuzzy background and adaptive foreground model for moving target detection

Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第2期18卷 93-106页

作者： Dawei ZHANG Peng WANG Yongfeng DONG Linhao LI Xin LI School of Artificial Intelligence Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506-6109USA

Moving target detection is one of the most basic tasks in computer *** conventional wisdom,the problem is solved by iterative optimization under either Matrix Decomposition(MD)or Matrix Factorization(MF)*** utilizes foreground information to facilitate background *** uses noise-based weights to fine-tune the *** both noise and foreground information contribute to the recovery of the *** jointly exploit their advantages,inspired by two framework complementary characteristics,we propose to simultaneously exploit the advantages of these two optimizing approaches in a unified framework called Joint Matrix Decomposition and Factorization(JMDF).To improve background extraction,a fuzzy factorization is *** fuzzy membership of the background/foreground association is calculated during the factorization process to distinguish their contributions of both to background *** describe the spatio-temporal continuity of foreground more accurately,we propose to incorporate the first order temporal difference into the group sparsity constraint *** temporal constraint is adjusted *** foreground and the background are jointly estimated through an effective alternate optimization process,and the noise can be modeled with the specific probability *** experimental results of vast real videos illustrate the effectiveness of our *** with the current state-of-the-art technology,our method can usually form the clearer background and extract the more accurate ***-noise experiments show the noise robustness of our method.

关键词： matrixdecomposition matrix factorization generalized sparsity noise modeling

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Condition indices for rigid pavements: A comparative analysis of state DOTs using Michigan PMS data

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第3期4卷 348-360页

作者： Rahul Raj Singh Mumtahin Hasnat Muhammed Emin Kutay Syed Waqar Haider James Bryce Bora Cetin Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Wadsworth Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506USA

Pavement infrastructure is vital in providing services and links between various sectors of society. Therefore, thepreservation and maintenance of these roads are critical to attaining a pavement network in good conditionthroughout its service life. Various performance indicators like the international roughness index (IRI), pavementcondition index (PCI), and present serviceability rating (PSR) have been used by the state department of transportation (DOT) and highway agencies for evaluating pavement surface conditions and planning future maintenance strategies. Limited data availability, multiple distresses depending on region, lack of correlation of thesecondition indices to maintenance strategies, and data collection limitations pose a challenge for applying theseindices to local conditions. This paper compares condition indices of different states for rigid pavements. Further,using a specific condition index for local conditions is also highlighted. For this purpose, five states and theircorresponding condition indices were evaluated and compared to the Michigan DOT distress index (DI). Thesestates include virginia, Minnesota, North Dakota, Louisiana, and Oregon. The corresponding distresses of eachcondition index were converted to make them compatible with the MDOT DI. This study used the MDOT'spavement management system (PMS) database to evaluate each condition index for 433 rigid pavement *** distress index was plotted against MDOT DI and compared using a paired t-test. Results show that thecondition indices of virginia and Minnesota are comparable to DI in terms of the Spearman correlation value. Thet-test results show that except for Virgina, condition indices from other states statistically differ from ***, one can't use those directly for local conditions in Michigan. This paper presents the evaluation anddata requirements for each condition index and its impact on selecting a maintenance treatment.

关键词： Rigid pavement Pavement management Condition index Distress index

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The Axiology of Consciousness in Mocombeian Consciousness Field Theory

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Philosophy Study 2024年第4期14卷 168-185页

作者： Paul C.Mocombe west virginia State university West VirginiaUSA The Mocombeian Foundation Inc.FloridaUSA

This work explores the axiology of consciousness in Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material *** paper critically assesses Mocombe’s consciousness field theory(CFT)within the larger body of contemporary ontological debates regarding the nature,origin,and constitution of consciousness in the *** work goes on to highlight the manifestation of Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material resource framework that is the earth,and the nature and origins of ethics and values.

关键词： structuration theory phenomenological structuralism structure/agency mythopraxis quantum mechanics social class language game Haitian epistemology Haitian/Vilokan idealism consciousness field theory

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Balanced Subeulerian Signed Graphs and Signed Line Graphs

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Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications 2024年第1期44卷 7-17页

作者： Juan LIU Hong YANG Xindong ZHANG Hongjian LAI College of Big Data Statistics Guizhou University of Finance and Economics College of Mathematics and System Sciences Xinjiang University Department of Mathematics West Virginia University

A signed graph S =(Su, σ) has an underlying graph Suand a function σ : E(Su)-→{+,-}. Let E-(S) denote the set of negative edges of S. Then S is eulerian signed graph(or subeulerian signed graph, or balanced eulerian signed graph, respectively) if Suis eulerian(or subeulerian, or eulerian and |E-(S)| is even, respectively). We say that S is balanced subeulerian signed graph if there exists a balanced eulerian signed graph S′ such that S′ is spanned by *** signed line graph L(S) of a signed graph S is a signed graph with the vertices of L(S) being the edges of S, where an edge eiej is in L(S) if and only if the edges ei and ej of S have a vertex in common in S such that an edge eiej in L(S) is negative if and only if both edges ei and ej are negative in S. In this paper, two families of signed graphs S and S ′ are identified, which are applied to characterize balanced subeulerian signed graphs and balanced subeulerian signed line graphs. In particular, it is proved that a signed graph S is balanced subeulerian if and only if S?S, and that a signed line graph of signed graph S is balanced subeulerian if and only if S?S ′.

关键词： signed graph signed line graph balanced eulerian balanced subeulerian

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Understanding poromechanical response of a biogenic coalbed methane reservoir

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 32-50页

作者： Rohit Pandey Satya Harpalani virginia Tech BlacksburgUSA Southern Illinois university CarbondaleUSA

Biogenic coalbed methane(BCBM)reservoirs aim to produce methane from in situ coal deposits following microbial conversion of *** of BCBM reservoirs requires economic methane production within an acceptable *** work reported here quantifies the findings of previously published qualitative work,where it was found that bioconversion induces strains in the pore,matrix and bulk *** imaging and dynamic strain monitoring techniques,the bioconversion induced strain is quantified *** understand the effect of these strains from a reservoir geomechanics perspective,a corresponding poromechanical model is ***,findings of imaging experiments are validated using core-flooding flow ***,expected field-scale behavior of the permeability response of a BCBM operation is modeled and *** results of the study indicated that,for Illinois coals,bioconversion induced strains result in a decrease in fracture porosity,resulting in a detrimental permeability drop in excess of 60%during bioconversion,which festers itself exponentially throughout its producing *** indicate that reservoirs with high initial permeability that will support higher Darcian flowrates,would be better suited for coal bioconversion,thereby providing a site-selection criteria for BCBM operations.

关键词： Coal bioconversion Poromechanical model Reservoir response Bioconversion induced strain

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： Mihai A.Bentan Evan R.Reiter Richard M.Costanzo Daniel H.Coelho Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA

Objective:The aim of this study was to review findings from a large prospective national database of chemosensory disturbances associated with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** Sources:The virginia Commonwealth university Smell and Taste Center national database of COVID-19 chemosensory ***:A series of online surveys,first opened on April 10,2020,was made accessible nationwide to any adult with sudden chemosensory dysfunction since January *** received subsequent follow-up surveys 14 days,1 month,3 months,and 6 months after *** additional survey was sent to all participants on May 28,2022 to assess long-term *** pertaining to demographics,symptoms,comorbidities,treatments,and life impact was ***:Of 363 participants who reported complete smell recovery,51.2%recovered within 1 month,70%within 3 months,and 79%within 6 months,while 8.8%took over 1 year to completely *** all participants,7.5%had no smell *** predictors of recovery included age<40,male gender,and the presence of nasal *** predictors included difficulty breathing and prior head *** participants reported a decrease in quality of life and the presence of potential safety hazards associated with decreased smell ***:Most subjects with COVID-19-related chemosensory dysfunction recover,with the majority noting complete recovery within weeks of *** aged over 40 years and female gender were associated with lower rates of recovery.A considerable number of participants reported significant impact on quality of life and safety.

关键词： anosmia COVID-19 smell

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Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Control into an Equivalent Minimization Strategy for Adaptive Energy Management of A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第1期14卷 88-118页

作者： Jared A. Diethorn Andrew C. Nix Mario G. Perhinschi W. Scott Wayne Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

As government agencies continue to tighten emissions regulations due to the continued increase in greenhouse gas production, automotive industries are seeking to produce increasingly efficient vehicle technology. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced to mitigate problems while improving fuel economy. HEVs have led to the demand of creating more advanced controls software to consider multiple components for propulsive power in a vehicle. A large section in the software development process is the implementation of an optimal energy management strategy meant to improve the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Optimal strategies can be implemented when driving conditions are known a prior. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is an optimal control strategy that uses an equivalence factor to equate electrical to mechanical power when performing torque split determination between the internal combustion engine and electric motor for propulsive and regenerative torque. This equivalence factor is determined from offline vehicle simulations using a sensitivity analysis to provide optimal fuel economy results while maintaining predetermined high voltage battery state of charge (SOC) constraints. When the control hierarchy is modified or different driving styles are applied, the analysis must be redone to update the equivalence factor. The goal of this work is to implement a fuzzy logic controller that dynamically updates the equivalence factor to improve fuel economy, maintain a strict charge sustaining window of operation for the high voltage battery, and reduce computational time required during algorithm development. The adaptive algorithm is validated against global optimum fuel economy and charge sustaining results from a sensitivity analysis performed for multiple drive cycles. Results show a maximum fuel economy improvement of 9.82% when using a mild driving style and a 95% success rate when maintaining an ending SOC within 5% of th

关键词： Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Control Charge Sustainability

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Historical tillage promotes grass-legume mixtures establishment and accelerates soil microbial activity and organic carbon decomposition

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 910-924页

作者： ZHOU Jiqiong GONG Jinchao WANG Pengsen SU Yingying LI Xuxu LI Xiangjun LIU Lin BAI Yanfu MA Congyu WANG Wen HUANG Ting YAN Yanhong ZHANG Xinquan Department of Grassland Science College of Grassland Science&TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Yunnan Sheep Breeding and extension Center Kunming 655204China

Perennial grass-legume mixtures have been extensively used to restore degraded grasslands,increasing grassland productivity and forage *** is crucial for seedbed preparation and sustainable weed management for the establishment of grass-legume ***,a common concern is that intensive tillage may alter soil characteristics,leading to losses in soil organic carbon(SOC).We investigated the plant community composition,SOC,soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC),soil enzyme activities,and soil properties in long-term perennial grass-legume mixtures under two different tillage intensities(once and twice)as well as in a fenced grassland(FG).The establishment of grass-legume mixtures increased plant species diversity and plant community coverage,compared with *** with once tilled grassland(OTG),twice tilled grassland(TTG)enhanced the coverage of high-quality leguminous forage species by 380.3%.Grass-legume mixtures with historical tillage decreased SOC and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)concentrations,whereas soil MBC concentrations in OTG and TTG increased by 16.0%and 16.4%,respectively,compared with *** significantly decreased the activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)by 72.3%,whereas soil enzymeβ-glucosidase(βG)in OTG and TTG increased by 55.9%and 27.3%,respectively,compared with *** analysis indicated a close association of the increase in MBC andβG activities with the rapid decline in *** result suggested that MBC was a key driving factor in soil carbon storage dynamics,potentially accelerating soil carbon cycling and facilitating biogeochemical *** establishment of grass-legume mixtures effectively improves forage quality and boosts plant diversity,thereby facilitating the restoration of degraded *** tillage assists in establishing legume-grass mixtures by controlling weeds,it accelerates microbial activity and organic carbon *** findings provide a foundation for understanding the

关键词： tillage grass-legume mixtures fencing grassland microbial biomass carbon β-glucosidase(βG) N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)

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Feeding World Without Borders

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China News Release 2024年第1期 34-38页

作者： Darren Jarboe the university of Maryland extension

Growing up in rural Iowa, before I knew the word “agriculture,” I knew that producing food for people was part of Iowans’ identity. Before I learned the concepts of borders and nations, I knew people needed to be fed. It is a deep-rooted belief, and Iowans take great pride in producing abundant, high-quality food for the world. It was no surprise that I chose agriculture for my college education and have continued down this path for my career.

关键词： World continued education

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Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody J.Salzmann Joseph E.Kaiser Shannon C.F.Smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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