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The anti-photooxidation of anthocyanins-rich leaves of a purple rice cultivar

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2006年第6期49卷 543-551页

作者： PENG Changlian1,2,LIN Zhifang2,LIN Guizhu2 & CHEN Shaowei2 1. College of Life Science,South china Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,china 2. South china botanical garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Digital botanical garden,Guangzhou 510650,china College of Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China South china botanical garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden Guangzhou 510650 China

In the leaf of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Yunnan purple rice,the anthocyanins with an obvious absorption peak at 530nm were distributed in the cells of upper and lower epidermis,bulliform tissue and bristle. The maximal photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate and chlorophyll content in flag leaves were 28% and 23%,respectively,more than the common green leaf rice cultivar Chijiaoru-anzhan. Higher chlorophyll content is probably one of the physiological adaptations for enhancing light harvesting capacity of the antenna in photosystems in this cyanic leaves species. Upon the photooxidation of leaf segments mediated by methyl viologen in weak light for 3 days,the distinct bleaching of anthocyanins in purple rice was associated with the reduction of scavenging ability to DPPH· free radical ability and the increase in membrane leakage rate. But almost no changes in contents of flavonoids and total phenolics were observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fo,qP and φPSⅡ decreased with the increase in NPQ and DES of xanthophylls cycle after photooxidation treatment. Green rice leaves showed more decrease in DPPH· scavenging rate and more increase in cell membrane leakage rate but showed a trace of anthocyanins during photooxidation. It is sug-gested that anthocyanin may be a beneficial and primary antioxidant in sun cyanic rice leaves against oxidative stress induced by environmental adversity. And photooxidation could induce different changing patterns of anthocyanins between the tested purple and green rice leaves.

关键词： purple rice, anthocyanins, photooxidation, DPPH· scavenging ability, chlorophyll fluorescence, methyl viologen.

Identification and Expression of Floral Organ Homeotic Genes from Alpinia oblongifolia (Zingiberaceae)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第2期51卷 155-166页

作者： Yong-Mei Xia Xue-Mei Gao Qing-Jun Li Xishuangbanna Tropical botanical garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Menglun Mengla Yunnan 666303 China

Current understanding of the classical ABC model of floral development has provided a new set of characters to evaluate floral evolution. However, what is still lacking is a clear assessment of this genetic program across monocots. Here, to investigate the evolution of members of class A and B genes in monocots, we report the sequence characteristic and transcript expression of three new MADS-box genes in Alpinia oblongifolia Hayata. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis reveals that these genes are FUL-like and AP3-1ike. Therefore, they were termed AoFL1, AoFL2 and AoAP3. AoFL1 contains the FUL motif, but AoFL2 lacks this motif. Their expression revealed by in situ hybridization may reflect the ancestral function of FUL-like genes in the specification of inflorescence and floral meristems. The AoAP3 gene contains two conserved motifs, the PI-derived and paleoAP3 motifs. The AoAP3 transcripts located to the corolla and stamen, and hybridization signals were detected in the central whorl. These expression patterns suggest that the functions of homologous organ identity genes are diversified in A. oblongifolia. The implications of these findings on the conservation of homologous gene function are discussed.

关键词： ABC model floral organ identity in situ hybridization MADS-box genes phylogenetic analysis.

Changes in Photosystem Ⅱ Activity and Leaf Reflectance Features of Several Subtropical Woody Plants Under Simulated SO2 Treatment

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第11期48卷 1274-1286页

作者： Nan Liu Chang-Lian Peng Zhi-Fang Lin Gui-Zhu Lin Ling-Ling Zhang Xiao-Ping Pan South china botanical garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden Guangzhou 510650 China College of Life Sciences South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of ScienceS Beijing 100049 China）

The effects of simulated SO2 treatment on the photosynthetic apparatus were investigated in five subtropical forest plants, namely Plnus massonlana Lamb., Schlma superba Gardn. et Champ., Castanopsls flssa （Champ. ex Benth.） Rehd. et Wils., Acmena acuminatissima （BI.） Merr et Perry, and Cryptocarya concinna Hance. After leaf sections had been immersed in 0, 20, 50, and 100 mmol/L NaHSO3 for 20 h, total chlorophyll （Chl） content, Chl a/b, maximal photochemical efficiency, and the photochemical quantum yields of photosystem Ⅱ of all five woody plants were reduced to different degrees, whereas lutein content （Chl base） was increased. Two protective mechanisms, namely the xanthophyll cycle （de-epoxidation） and an anti-oxidant system （1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging capacity）, showed differences in the degree of modulation under simulated SO2 treatment. Compared with control （distilled water treatment）, the revised normalized difference vegetation index, a leaf reflectance index, was lowered with Increasing concentrations of NaHSO3. Cryptocarya conclnna, a dominant species in the late succession stage of subtropical forests in South china, exhibited less sensitivity to NaHSO3. Conversely, Pinus massonlana, the pioneer hellophyte species, was most susceptible to NaHSO3 treatment. It Is suggested that SO2 pollution may accelerate the succession of subtropical forest.

关键词： community succession light intensity NariSO3 subtropical forest,

The Best of Both Worlds——Building gardens With a Sense of Place

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 24-30页

作者： Patricia D.RAVEN Missouri botanical garden

The last decade in china has been a period of great growth and *** and more public garden has been built,many those gardens are built with western-influenced styles and lack of Chinese factor.A garden with a strong sense of place will clearly put the visitor in a specific locality by astute use of design to support a distinctive regional *** the author gives several examples of famous gardens about how to keep the sense of place and try to give some useful suggestion on Chinese garden build.

关键词： garden The sense of place Chinese regional style Chinese garden style

Regulation of Light Energy Utilization and Distribution of Photosynthesis in Five Subtropical Woody Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第3期49卷 351-361页

作者： Nan Liu Chang-Lian Peng Zhi-Fang Lin Gui-Zhu Lin Xiao-Ping Pan South china botanical garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden Guangzhou 510650 China College of Life Sciences South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The adaptations and responses of photosynthesis to long- and short-term growth light gradient treatments were investigated in five subtropical forest plants, namely Pinus massoniana Lamb., Schima superba Gardn. et Champ., Castanopsis flssa （Champ. ex Benth.） Rehd. et Wils., Acmena acuminatissima （BI.） Merr et Perry, and Cryptocarya concinna Hance. With diurnal changes in sunlight and air temperature, the de-epoxidation state and lutein content in the five woody plants under three light Intensities first increased and then decreased during the day. However, maximal photochemical efficiency （FvFm; where Fm is the maximum fluorescence yield and Fv Is variable fluorescence） and the photochemical quantum yields of photosystem （PS）Ⅱ （φPSⅡ） of the species examined changed in the opposite manner, with those in plants grown under 100% natural light changing the most. After long-term treatment （21 months）, anti-oxidant capacity （1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical （DPPH.）-scavenging capacity） and utilization of excitation energy showed differences in modulation by different light intensities. It was shown that A. acuminatissima and C. concinna, as dominant species in the late succession stage of a subtropical forest in Dinghu mountain, South china, were better able to adapt to different light environments. However, P. massonlana, the pioneer species of this forest, exhibited less adaptation to low light intensity and was definitely eliminated by the forest succession process.

关键词： adaptation chlorophyll fluorescence community succession light intensity subtropical forest

Plant Conservation in the Future:New Challenges,New Opportunities

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 1-9页

作者： Peter H.RAVEN Missouri botanical garden

Throughout the world,plant diversity is being reduced rapidly by the extinction of species and of local differentiated *** presenting possible solutions to this very serious problem I will first briefly describe the factors that have led to the development of china's wealth of biodiversity;then examine the causes of extinction,with an emphasis on the situation in china;and conclude with recommendations on how to most effectively conserve plants in this huge and botanically diverse country.

关键词： Plant diversity Biological richness Human impacts Plant conservation in china Strategies for plant conservation

Temporal Variation in Sap-Flux-Scaled Transpiration and Cooling Effect of a Subtropical Schima superba Plantation in the Urban Area of Guangzhou

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1350-1356页

作者： ZHU Li-wei ZHAO Ping Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences

Agriculture could suffer the water stress induced by climate change. Because climate warming affects global hydrological cycles, it is vital to explore the effect of tree transpiration, as an important component of terrestrial evapotranspiration, on the environment. Thermal dissipation probes were used to measure xylem sap flux density of a Schima superba plantation in the urban area of Guangzhou City, South china. Stand transpiration was calculated by mean sap flux density times total sapwood area. The occurrence of the maximum sap flux density on the daily scale was later in wet season than in dry season. The peak of daily sap flux density was the highest of 59 g m-2 s^-1 in July and August, and the lowest of 28 g m-2 s-1 in December. In the two periods （November 2007-October 2008 and November 2008-October 2009）, the stand transpiration reached 263.2 and 291.6 ram, respectively. During our study period, stand transpiration in wet season （from April to September） could account for about 58.5 and 53.8% of the annual transpiration, respectively. Heat energy absorbed by tree transpiration averaged 1.4×10s and 1.6×10s kJ per month in this Schima superba plantation with the area of 2 885 m2, and temperature was reduced by 4.3 and 4.7℃ s^-1 per 10 m3 air.

关键词： Schima superba plantation sap flux density stand transpiration cooling effect

Linkages between woody plant proliferation dynamics and plant physiological traits in southwestern North America

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第4期5卷 407-416页

作者： Nan Liu Lanlan Guan Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China South china botanical garden Chinese Academy of SciencesXingke Road 723Tianhe DistrictGuangzhou 510650China

Aims Woody plant encroachments in arid and semiarid ecosystems are widely reported but the physiological mechanisms still need to be further *** the current study,we aim to determine whether differences in leaf physiological traits help explain grassland susceptibility to woody plant encroachment and whether distinctive physiological adaptations allow some shrub species to invade *** We compared physiological traits(photosynthesis,leaf water status,pigment compositions and leaf antioxidant capacities)of six species representing three functional groups:woody encroachers(Prosopis velutina,Larrea tridentata),woody non-encroachers(Acacia greggii,Lycium fremontii)and C4 grasses(Bouteloua curtipendula,Bouteloua barbata)which are naturally growing in a botanical garden in University of Arizona,*** Findings We infer that ***(encroacher)but not *** or ***(non-encroachers)is encroaching in grasslands because the former species has higher water and light utilization efficiencies(instantaneous water use efficiency,instantaneous light use efficiency,and Fv/Fm).The extremely high carotenoid and total antioxidant capacity in its leaves appears to help the shrub ***(encroacher)survive high ambient oxidative damage caused by both drought and high light stresses in this *** two C4 grass species,*** and ***,grow well in the arid ecosystem but may be susceptible to disturbances.

关键词： shrub encroachment C4grass physiological characteristics leaf traits

Pre-and post-zygotic reproductive isolation between co-occurring Mussaenda pubescens *** and M. shikokiana(Rubiaceae)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第4期56卷 411-419页

作者： Shi Chen Zhonglai Luo Dianxiang Zhang Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Reproductive isolation is a fundamental require- ment for speciation and includes several sequential stages. Few studies have determined the relative contributions of pre- and post-zygotic reproductive isolation in plants, especially between relative species with clear differentiation in flower form. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for repro- ductive isolation in sympatric A4ussaenda pubescens var. alba and Mussaenda shikokiana （Rubiaceae） in Guangxi Province, china, we made observations of flowering phenology, patterns of insect visitation, and conducted pollination experiments, including artificial hybridization. The two species had over- lapping flowering times and were pollinated by overlapping pollinators; however, their relative importance differed significantly with M. pubescens visited more commonly by bees and M. shikokiana more frequently by butterflies. Using vegetative and floral characters and molecular evidence based on nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer regions we detected seven naturally occurring hybrids among a sample of approximately 125 individuals. Hybrids were characterized by morphologies that most closely resembled their maternal parents based on chloroplast evidence. Studies of artificially synthesized and natural hybrids demonstrated that hybrid seed had very low germination rates and naturally occurring hybrids exhibited pollen sterility. Post-zygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms play a primary role in limiting gene exchange between co-occurring species and maintaining species integrity in areas of sympatry.

关键词： Gene flow Mussaenda natural hybrids reproductiveisolation sympatric congeners