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New insight into the origin and evolution of the flora and fauna of Hainan Island, china

Science china Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 52-61页

作者： Hua ZHU Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants

The origin of the biota of Hainan Island, china, remains a fundamental scientific problem. Comparative studies on the biota, geological tectonics, and paleomagnetism proposed that during the Eocene, Hainan Island connected Vietnam and Guangxi, and then moved to the southeast to reach its present location. This review mainly discusses its biota origin from molecular phylogeny and palaeobotanical research. The formation and evolution of the biological groups of Hainan Island were identified via research on their genomes, phylogeny, and molecular biogeography. This research showed that the genera and species that appeared and diverged early in their evolution(i.e., before the Miocene) can be explained by the land connection between Hainan Island, Vietnam, and Guangxi during the Eocene-Oligocene. According to Southeast Asian tectonic theory, in the Middle Miocene(at about 15 million years ago), Hainan Island had moved to its present position. The population and genetic divergence of species with late divergence times(after 15 Ma) can be reasonably explained by the close proximity(or land connection) between Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, enabling genetic communication between Hainan Island and the Chinese mainland, but have exceptional cases. Conclusions have been obtained through palaeobotanical studies, showing that in the Eocene-Oligocene period, southwest china and Hainan Island had subtropical vegetation and flora. However, the fossil group in southeast china(in Maoming, near present-day Hainan Island) in the Late Eocene indicated a tropical rainforest vegetation and flora. This suggests that in the Paleogene, Hainan Island may have been located near or on the southwest border of Guangxi and northern Vietnam, rather than in its present location. The floristic division of the flora of Hainan Island basically presents a northeast-southwest inclined distribution pattern. This pattern can be explained by the counterclockwise rotation of Hainan Island during i

关键词： Molecular phylogeny Biogeography Paleobotany Origin of flora and fauna Hainan Island of china

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Recombinase-mediated Gene Stacking as a Transformation Operating System

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第7期53卷 512-519页

作者： David W.Ow South china botanical garden

The current method for combining transgenes into a genome is through the assortment of independent loci, a classical operating system compatible with transgenic traits created by different developers, at different times and/or through different transformation techniques. However, as the number of transgenic loci increases over time, increasingly larger populations are needed to find the rare individual with the desired assortment of transgenic loci along with the non-transgenic elite traits. Introducing a transgene directly into a field cultivar would bypass the need to introgress the engineered trait. However, this necessitates separate transformations into numerous field cultivars, along with the characterization and regulatory approval of each independent transformation event. Reducing the number of segregating transgenic loci could be achieved if multiple traits are introduced at the same time, a preferred option if each of the many traits is new or requires re-engineering. If reengineering of previously introduced traits is not needed, then appending a new trait to an existing locus would be a rational strategy. The insertion of new DNA at a known locus can be accomplished by site- specific integration, through a host-dependent homology-based process, or a heterologous site-specific recombination system. Here, we discuss gene stacking through the use of site-specific recombinases.

关键词： site-specific recombination transgenic plants DNA integration marker removal Cre-lox

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Invasive alien plants in china: An update

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Plant Diversity 2023年第1期45卷 117-121页

作者： Qiang Hao Jin-Shuang Ma china National botanical garden(North garden) Beijing 100093China

china is the largest country in eastern Asia and contains habitats that range from cold temperate to tropical *** Chinese have a long history of plant cultivation and *** most cultivated plants in china are native species,many are non-native plants introduced throughout Chinese history for food,medicine,horticulture or ornamental purposes(Xie et al.,2001;Axmacher and Sang,2013).The Catalogue of Alien Plants in china records a total of 14,710 alien plants(Lin and Ma,2022).Among these,some,such as corn and potato,are used as food to meet the demands of china’s large ***-native plants that have established populations and colonized local environments are called naturalized *** studies indicate that the number of naturalized plant species in china ranges from 861(Jiang et al.,2011)to 933(Yan et al.,2019).

关键词： population habitat temperate

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Evidence of Dichogamy in Santalum album L.

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第3期48卷 300-306页

作者： Guo-Hua Ma Eric Bunn Jing-Feng Zhang Guo-Jiang Wu South china botanical garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China Kings Park and Botanic garden West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia

Flowering, fruit set, embryological development, and pollination trials were Investigated In Santslum album L. Each ovary may have three to four ovules. Mlcrosporogenesls and megasporogenesls In the same flower were synchronized at the earlier stages of flower development. However, at anthesls, when pollen was mature, the magaspore had developed only to the stage of a one- to two-nucleus embryo sac. As the eight-nucleus embryo sac developed, some mamelon cells began to undergo programmed cell death, forming holes Into which the eight-nucleus embryo sacs extended, becoming ＂N＂ or ＂S＂ shaped. The development from a two-nucleus embryo sac to a matured eight-nucleus embryo sac lasted up to 10 d. Fruit-set from open pollination was less than 2%. The endosperm develops prior to division of the zygotic embryo and one to three embryos and endosperms were formed In the same fruit. A mature seed usually germinates to produce one seedling; however, two and three seedlings from one seed were also observed, albeit at a low frequency. Pollination trials showed that no seed sets when Inflorescences were covered with s bag; however, artificial pollination could Improve fruit set. Our pollinaUon trials and embryological studies proved that the flower of S. album Is dlchogamous and fruit set has high heterozygosity.

关键词： dichogamy embryonic development pollination trials Santalum album.

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Glycosmis longipetala *** & ***,a new species of Rutaceae from china

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第2期47卷 162-167页

作者： Feng-Juan MOU Dian-Xiang ZHANG(South china botanical garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,china) South china botanical garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China

Glycosmis longipetala *** & *** is described from Guangxi and Yunnan provinces in southwestern *** new species is similar to ***(Lour.) Pierre ex *** its simple leaves,but distinguishable in having long-elliptic or oblanceolate(***) leaves,long-ovoid to ellipsoid(***) floral buds,ovaries with many tubercles(***) and glabrous(***) *** pollen grains of the new species are 23.9±3.09(20.8-27.0)×22.0±1.80(20.4-24.4) μm in size with reticulate exine ornamentation in equatorial area and foveolate in polar *** chromosome number of the new species is 2n=72.

关键词： china Glycosmis Glycosmis longipetala F.J.Mou & D.X.Zhang new species pollen morphol-ogy polyploidy Rutaceae

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Effect of fertilizer and water content on N_2O emission from three plantation soils in south china

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 970-976页

作者： LI Zhi-an ZOU Bi XIA Han-ping DING Yong-zhen TAN Wan-neng MA Zhen-rong South china botanical garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China

The effects of fertilizers and water content on N2O emission were studied using the three most typical plantation soils. Soil incubations were performed and fertilization and water content treatments were designed. At 25% of saturated water content（SWC）, N2O emissions from the soil treated with urea, KNO3, （NH4）2 SO, and KH2 PO, were compared at application rates of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 500 kg/hm2. At 80% of SWC, similar experiments were carried out but at only one application rate（500 kg/hm^2）. N2O emissions at various water contents（20%, 35%, 50%, 65%, 80% and 100% of SWC） were studied. At low water content（25% of SWC）, neither nitrogen nor phosphorus（or potassium） fertilizers led to a high level of N2O emission, which generally ranged from 2.03 to 29.02 μg/（m^2·h）. However, at high water content（80% SWC）, the fertilizers resulted in much greater N2O emission irregardless of soil tested. The highest N2O emission rates after 24 h of water addition were 1233 lag/（ m^2 ·h） for S. superba soil, 1507 lag/（m^2 · h） for P. elliottii soil and 1869 lag/ （m^2 h） for A. mangium soil respectively. N2O emission from soils treated with urea, （NH4）2SO, and KH2PO, immediately dropped to a low level but steadily increased to a very high level for the soil treated with KNO3. High NO3^- content was a basis of high level of N2O emission. N2O emission rates from soils peaked shortly after flooding, rapidly dropping to a very low level in soil from non-legume plantations, but lasting for a relatively long period in soil from legume plantations. When soil water content increased equaling to or higher than 65%, the accumulated N2O emission over a period of 13 d ranged from 20.21-29.78 mg/m^2 for S. superba, 30.57-70.12 mg/m^2 for P. elliottii and 300.89-430.51 mg/m^2 for A. mangium. The critical water content was 50% of SWC, above which a high level of N2O emission could be expected, and below which very little N2O emissions were detected. The results suggest that, at low water content（

关键词： N2O plantation south china Acacia mangium Pinus elliottii Schima superba

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Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Soybean near the Dabaoshan Mine, South china

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Pedosphere 2013年第3期23卷 298-304页

作者： ZHUANG Ping LI Zhi-An ZOU Bi XIA Han-Ping WANG Gang South china botanical garden Chinese Academy of Sciences

Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni in soybean (Glycine max L.) grown near the Dabaoshan Mine were investigated, and their potential risk to the health of inhabitants was estimated. In the Fandong (FD) and Zhongxin (ZX) villages, which are near the Dabaoshan mineral deposit, concentrations of Pb (0.34 mg kg^(-1) for FD), Cd (0.23 mg kg^(-1) for ZX) and Cr (1.14 and 1.75 mg kg^(-1) for FD and ZX, respectively) in the seeds of soybean exceeded the tolerance limit set by Chinese standards. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) from consumption of soybean seeds for FD inhabitants were 0.570, 0.170, 38.550, 142.400, 1.910 and 14.530 μg d^(-1) kg^(-1) boby weight for Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni, respectively. Our results indicate that soybeans grown in the vicinity of the Dabaoshan Mine accumulate some metals, and the seeds pose a potential health risk to the local inhabitants.

关键词： accumulation cadmium estimated daily intake health risks target hazard quotient

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Comparative Analysis of the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Active Compounds of Semiliquidambar cathayensis Chang Heteromorphic Leaves

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第3期92卷 837-850页

作者： Xiaoming Tian Guangfeng Xiang Hao Lv Jing Peng Lu Zhu Hunan botanical garden Changsha410116China

In the present study,the variation patterns of leaf shape in different populations of individual Semiliquidambar cathayensis plants were analyzed to investigate the relationship among leaf shape variation,photosynthetic properties,and active compounds to understand the genetic characteristics of *** and screen elite *** leaf shape of 18 offspring from three natural *** populations was analyzed to investigate the level of diversity and variation patterns of leaf ***,photosynthetic pigment content,physiological parameters of photosynthesis,and the active compounds in leaves of different shapes were *** analysis showed that the leaf shape variation in *** indicated a high level of genetic diversity among and within the *** analysis showed that the three natural populations formed two clusters,one whose offspring was dominated by entire leaves and another characterized by palmately trifoliate *** differences in photosynthetic characteristics and active compounds of leaves of three different shapes were comprehensively evaluated using principal component *** principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 92.768%were extracted,of which the highest comprehensive score was for asymmetrically lobed *** leaf shape in different *** germplasms exhibited distinct patterns,and there were some correlations between the photosynthetic properties and active compounds in leaves of different ***,the leaf shape can be used to predict active compound content,and in turn,select varieties based on that purpose;it also provides a simple and effective method to classify *** germplasms.

关键词： Semiliquidambar cathayensis leaf shape photosynthetic pigment photosynthetic property active compound

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Hydraulic role in differential stomatal behaviors at two contrasting elevations in three dominant tree species of a mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest in low subtropical china

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 102-112页

作者： Liwei Zhu Tianyu Fu Jie Du Weiting Hu Yanqiong Li Xiuhua Zhao Ping Zhao South china botanical garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650China

Quantifying the variation in stomatal behavior and functional traits of trees with elevation can provide a better understanding of the adaptative strategies to a changing climate. In this study, six water-and carbon-related functional traits were examined for three dominant tree species, Schima superba, Pinus massoniana and Castanopsis chinensis, in a mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest at two elevations(70 and 360 m above sea level,respectively) in low subtropical china. We hypothesized that trees at higher elevations would develop more efficient strategies of stomatal regulations and greater water transport capacity to cope with more variable hydrothermal conditions than those at lower elevations. Results show that the hydraulic conductivity did not differ between trees at the two elevations, contrary to our expectation. The C. chinensis trees had greater values of leaf mass per unit area(LMA), and the S. superba and C. chinensis trees had greater values of wood density(WD),relative stem water content(RWC), and ratio of sapwood area to leaf area(Hv) at the 360-m elevation than at 70-m elevation. The mean canopy stomatal conductance was greater and more sensitive to vapor deficit pressure at360 m than at 70 m for both S. superba and C. chinensis, while stomatal sensitivity did not differ between the two contrasting elevations for P. massoniana. The midday leaf water potential(ψL) in P. massoniana was significantly more negative at 360 m than at 70 m, but did not vary with increasing elevation in both S. superba and C. *** in Hvcan be related to the differential stomatal behaviors between the two elevations. The variations of stomatal behavior and ψLwith elevation suggested the isohydric strategy for the two broad-leaved species and the anisohydric strategy for the conifer species. The species-specific differences in LMA, WD, RWC, and Hvbetween the two elevations may reflect conservative resource use strategies at the higher elevation. Our find

关键词： Sap flux Stomatal conductance Leaf water potential Vapor pressure deficit Elevation Low subtropical china

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Different Patterns of Changes in the Dry Season Diameter at Breast Height of Dominant and Evergreen Tree Species in a Mature Subtropical Forest in South china

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第8期48卷 906-913页

作者： Jun-Hua Yan Guo-Yi Zhou De-Qiang Zhang Xu-Li Tang Xu Wang South china botanical garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China

Information on changes in diameter at breast height （DBH） is important for net primary production （NPP） estimates, timing of forest inventory, and forest management. In the present study, patterns of DBH change were measured under field conditions during the dry season for three dominant and native tree species in a monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve. For each tree species, different patterns of DBH change were observed. In the case of the fast-growing tree species Castanopsis chinensis Hance, large diurnal fluctuations occur, with a peak DBH in the early morning （around 05：00 h） that decreases to a minimum by about 14：00 h. Both Schima superba Gardn. et Chemp and Cryptocarya chinensis （Hance） Hemsh exhibited less diurnal swelling and shrinkage. Diurnal fluctuations for these species were observed on a few occasions over the period of observation. Graphical comparisons and statistical analysis of changes in DBH with meteorological variables indicate that for different trees, the different changes in DBH observed responded to different meteorological variables. Large stem changes were found to occur for Ca. chinensis trees that were associated with variations in solar radiation. However, both S. superba and Cr. chinensis were found to be less sensitive to solar radiation. Changes in the DBH of these two species were found to be controlled mainly by soil temperature and soil moisture. During the later dry season, with a lower soil temperature and soil moisture, all three tree species stopped growing and only negligible shrinkage, expansion, or fluctuation occurred, suggesting that the optimum time to measure tree growth in the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve is the later dry season.

关键词： dendrometer band diameter at breast height (DBH) Dinghushan meteorological variables subtropical forest.

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