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Phytoremediation:A Green Technology to Remove Environmental Pollutants

American Journal of climate change 2013年第1期2卷 71-86页

作者： Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto Gilbert C.Sigua Institute for climate change and Environmental Management Central Luzon State UniversityScience City of MuñozPhilippines Coastal Plains Soil Water&Plant Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureFlorenceUSA

land, surface waters, and ground water worldwide, are increasingly affected by contaminations from industrial, research experiments, military, and agricultural activities either due to ignorance, lack of vision, carelessness, or high cost of waste disposal and treatment. The rapid build-up of toxic pollutants (metals, radionuclide, and organic contaminants in soil, surface water, and ground water) not only affects natural resources, but also causes major strains on ecosystems. Interest in phytoremediation as a method to solve environmental contamination has been growing rapidly in recent years. This green technology that involved “tolerant plants” has been utilized to clean up soil and ground water from heavy metals and other toxic organic compounds. Phytoremediation involves growing plants in a contaminated matrix to remove environmental contaminants by facilitating sequestration and/or degradation (detoxification) of the pollutants. Plants are unique organisms equipped with remarkable metabolic and absorption capabilities, as well as transport systems that can take up nutrients or contaminants selectively from the growth matrix, soil or water. As extensive as these benefits are, the costs of using plants along with other concerns like climatic restrictions that may limit growing of plants and slow speed in comparison with conventional methods (i.e., physical and chemical treatment) for bioremediation must be considered carefully. While the benefits of using phytoremediation to restore balance to a stressed environment seem to far outweigh the cost, the largest barrier to the advancement of phytoremediation could be the public opposition. The long-term implication of green plant technology in removing or sequestering environmental contaminations must be addressed thoroughly. As with all new technology, it is important to proceed with caution.

关键词： Phytoremediation Green Technology Pollutants Contaminants Toxic Metals

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Effects of climate change and land-use changes on spatiotemporal distributions of blue water and green water in Ningxia, Northwest China

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Journal of Arid land 2021年第7期13卷 674-687页

作者： WU Jun DENG Guoning ZHOU Dongmei ZHU Xiaoyan MA Jing CEN Guozhang JIN Yinli ZHANG Jun College of Resources and Environmental science Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Research center for Water-saving Agriculture in Gansu Province Lanzhou 730070China Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop science Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China

Water resources are a crucial factor that determines the health of ecosystems and socio-economic development;however,they are under threat due to climate change and human *** quantitative assessment of water resources using the concept of blue water and green water can improve regional water resources *** this study,spatiotemporal distributions of blue water and green water were simulated and analyzed under scenarios of climate change and land-use changes using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Northwest China,between 2009 and *** water,a leading component of water resources,accounted for more than 69.00%of the total water resources in *** water and green water showed a single peak trend on the monthly and annual scales during the study *** the spatial scale,the southern region of Ningxia showed higher blue water and green water resources than the northern *** spatiotemporal distribution features of blue water,green water,and green water flow had strong correlations with ***,the simulation identified the climate change in Ningxia to be more influential on blue water and green water than land-use *** study provides a specific scientific foundation to manage water resources in Ningxia when encountered with climate change together with human activities.

关键词： blue water green water climate change human activities SWAT semi-arid region

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Shortwave radiation balance modulates potential evapotranspiration over China

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1358-1371页

作者： Fuxiao Jiang Xianhong Xie Yibing Wang Arken Tursun Yao Liu State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875People’s Republic of China Beijing Engineering Research center for Global land Remote Sensing Products Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875People’s Republic of China

Shortwave radiation is an influential driver of global hydrological cycle,as its variation will alter evapotranspiration(ET).While climate change discussion extensively examined ET response to temperature,wind speed and land use/cover variations,little is known about the contribution of shortwave radiation balance on ET partly because of data *** this study,we applied the newly-released Global land Surface Satellite(GLASS)products to detect changes in shortwave radiation and albedo for 2003–2018 over China,and quantified their contributions on potential evapotranspiration(PET)which is the upper limit of ET and generally the basis to estimate *** results showed that downward shortwave radiation declined,together with a slight decrease in albedo,causing a decrease of net shortwave *** climate change affected PET,the decreased net shortwave radiation reduced PET during the *** identified a hotspot area in the north China plain that is one of the main agricultural production regions,as the radiation balance induced a contrasting effect on PET for the warm and the cold *** study indicates that it is important to consider shortwave radiation balance when estimating PET and ET to make reliable evaluation of climate change on hydrological cycle and ecosystem response.

关键词： Shortwave radiation albedo radiation balance potential evapotranspiration Penman model

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Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones in Samendeni Watershed in Sedimentary and Semi-Arid Contexts of Burkina Faso, Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method and GIS

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American Journal of climate change 2023年第1期12卷 172-203页

作者： Sadraki Yabre Youssouf Koussoubé Sauret Élie Serge Gaëtan Nicaise Yalo Stephen Silliman west african science service Centre on climate change and adapted land use (WASCAL) Doctoral Research Program in Climate Change and Water Resources Institut National de l’eau Université d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou Bénin Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Département des Sciences de la Terre Université Joseph KI-ZERBO/Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles-Département Gestion des Ressources Naturelles/Systèmes de Productions DRREA-Ouest Station de Farako-ba Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Hydrologie Appliquée (LHA) Institut National de l’eau Université d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou Bénin School of science Technology Engineering and Math Trevecca Nazarene University Nashville Tennessee USA

Demand for water increases in Samendeni regarding the undertaken agricultural projects while pressure on surface water from global warming/evapotranspiration also increases. Thus, the need to evaluate the groundwater potential in the catchment is crucial as alternative supplier of water and resilience to climate hazards. The AHP was performed integrating ten influencing factors such as geomorphology, geology, soil, land use/land cover (lulc), slope, rainfall, drainage density, borehole rate & depth and piezometric level to generate groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) in Samendeni watershed (4420 km2). All the factors were processed and ranged into five (5) classes. Weight was assigned to each class of thematic layer. These thematic layers were then reclassified based on the normalized weight to be used in the calculation of groundwater potential zones (GWPZ). The final output, groundwater potential map, revealed a significant groundwater potential with very good (11%), good (31%), moderate (30%), poor (20%), and very poor (8%) of proportion. The interesting (very good, good) GWPZs in the study area are mostly in the central towards the east. The poor zones in term of groundwater potential are concentrated in the upper west region of the watershed. Besides the cross-validation with the relationship between different groundwater potential zones and the wells available in the study area, the overall accuracy was estimated to 88% provided from the result of the similarity analysis where 22 out of the 25 validation wells match with the expected yield classes of GWPZs. The statistics from that validation revealed the performance of AHP method to delineate groundwater potential zones at catchment level.

关键词： climate change Resilience Groundwater Potential Water Management Conjunctive use AHP GIS Samendeni Watershed

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Characteristics of land-atmosphere energy and turbulentfluxes over the plateau steppe in central Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第2期8卷 103-115页

作者： MaoShan Li ZhongBo Su YaoMing Ma XueLong Chen Lang Zhang ZeYong Hu Key Laboratory of land Surface Process and climate change in Cold and Arid Regions Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Faculty of Geo-Information science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente EnschedeThe Netherlands Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The land-atmosphere energy and turbulence exchange is key to understanding land surface processes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP). Using observed data for Aug. 4 to Dec. 3, 2012 from the Bujiao observation point(BJ) of the Nagqu Plateau climate and Environment Station(NPCE-BJ), different characteristics of the energy flux during the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) season and post-monsoon period were analyzed. This study outlines the impact of the ASM on energy fluxes in the central TP. It also demonstrates that the surface energy closure rate during the ASM season is higher than that of the post-monsoon period. Footprint modeling shows the distribution of data quality assessments(QA) and quality controls(QC) surrounding the observation point. The measured turbulent flux data at the NPCE-BJ site were highly representative of the target land-use type. The target surface contributed more to the fluxes under unstable conditions than under stable conditions. The main wind directions(180° and 210°) with the highest data density showed flux contributions reaching 100%, even under stable conditions. The lowest flux contributions were found in sectors with low data density, e.g., 90.4% in the 360° sector under stable conditions during the ASM season. Lastly, a surface energy water balance(SEWAB) model was used to gap-fill any absent or corrected turbulence data. The potential simulation error was also explored in this study. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients(NSEs) of the observed fluxes with the SEWAB model runs were 0.78 for sensible heat flux and 0.63 for latent heat flux during the ASM season, but unrealistic values of-0.9 for latent heat flux during the post-monsoon period.

关键词： turbulent energy flux Asian summer monsoon gap-filling surface energy water balance model central Tibetan Plateau

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Reconstruction of cropland spatial patterns and its spatiotemporal changes over the 20th century on the Songnen Plain, Northeast China

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2017年第10期27卷 1209-1226页

作者： ZHANG Lijuan JIANG Lanqi ZHANG Xuezhen Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China Key Laboratory of land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation center for climate change Nanjing 210093 China

We initially estimated the cropland area at county level using local historical documents for the Songnen Plain （SNP） in the 1910s and 1930s. We then allocated this cropland area to grid cells with a size of 1 km ×1 km, using a range of cultivation possibilities from high to low; this was based on topography and minimum distances to rivers, settlements, and traffic lines. Cropland areas for the 1950s were obtained from the land use Map of Northeast China, and map vectorization was performed with ArcGIS technology. Cropland areas for the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s were retrieved from landsat images. We found that the cropland areas were 4.92 ×10^4 km^2 and 7.60 ×10^4 km^2, accounting for 22.8% and 35.2% of the total area of the SNP in the 1910s and 1930s, respectively, which increased to 13.14 × 10^4 km^2, accounting for 60.9% in the 2010s. The cropland increased at a rate of 1.18 ×10^4 km^2 per decade from the 1910s to 1970s while it was merely 0.285 ×10^4 km^2 per decade from the 1970s to 2010s. From the 1910s to 1930s, new cultivation mainly occurred in the central SNP while, from the 1930s to 1970s, it was mainly over the western and northern parts. This spatially explicit reconstruction could be offered as primary data for studying the effects of changes in human-induced land cover based on climate change over the last century.

关键词： land use/cover changes agricultural development historical documents gridding data

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植被对干旱趋势的影响

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大气科学 2016年第1期40卷 142-156页

作者：刘永强 center for Forest Disturbance science USDA Forest Service

历史干旱事件的观测和数值研究表明,植被可通过地—气水分、能量和其他通量交换影响和反馈干旱。本研究旨在了解气候变化情形下植被对干旱趋势的影响和机制。应用美国大陆七个动力气候降尺度区域气候变化情景,计算和分析了现在和未来的... 详细信息

历史干旱事件的观测和数值研究表明,植被可通过地—气水分、能量和其他通量交换影响和反馈干旱。本研究旨在了解气候变化情形下植被对干旱趋势的影响和机制。应用美国大陆七个动力气候降尺度区域气候变化情景,计算和分析了现在和未来的干旱指数、空间分布和季节变化。通过比较同一气候区两种植被类型区域干旱强度和频率理解植被的影响。集成分析结果表明,未来美国干旱很可能增加,其中大平原中部所有季节都很显著,而东南和西南地区夏秋更为显著。植被对干旱趋势的影响和气候区有关。在温暖和潮湿/干燥气候区,林地(草地)未来干旱强度和频率的增幅大于对应的农田(荒漠)区域,因此植被可以放大未来干旱的风险。相反,在寒冷和潮湿气候区,林地(草地)区域未来干旱强度和频率增幅较小,表明植被放大未来干旱的作用可能只在某些气候情形下出现。这种植被对未来干旱影响的复杂性和对气候区的依赖性对气候模式提供可靠的干旱模拟和预测及森林管理部门制定适应和减缓气候变化的策略提出了新的挑战。

关键词：植被干旱气候变化干旱指数美国气候区

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The Regional climate Effects of Replacing Farmland and Re-greening the Desertification lands with Forest or Grass in west China

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2003年第1期20卷 45-54页

作者：施伟来王汉杰 climate and Environmental Research center Beijing

The west Development Policy being implemented in China causes significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes in west China, of which the two most important types of LULC change are replacing farmland and re-greening the desertification land with forest or grass. This paper modifies the prevailing regional climate model (RCM) by updating its lower boundary conditions with the up-to-date satellite database of the Global land Cover Characteristics Database (GLCCD) created by the United States Geological Survey and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The modified RCM is used to simulate the possible regional climate changes due to the LULC variations. The preliminary results can be summarized as that the two main types of LULC variation, replacing farmland and greening the desertification lands with forest or grass in west China, will affect the regional climate mostly in northwest and north China, where the surface temperature will decrease and the precipitation will increase. The regional climate adjustments in South, Southwest China and on the Tibet Plateau are uncertain.

关键词： west Development Policy replacing farmland with forest/grass regional climate modeling and virtual simulation

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Temporospatial changes of carbon footprint based on energy consumption in China

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2012年第1期22卷 110-124页

作者： CHUAI Xiaowei LAI Li HUANG Xianjin ZHAO Rongqin WANG Wanjing CHEN Zhigang School of Geographic ＆ Oceanic science Nanjing University Jiangsu Information center land Development and Consolidation Technology Engineering center of Jiangsu Province

Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows：（1） Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was： Eastern China Northern China Central and Southern China Southwest China Northwest China. （2） The sorting of carbon emission density was： Eastern China Northeast China Central and Southern China Northern China Southwest China Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. （3） Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. （4） Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Centr

关键词： carbon emissions carbon sink carbon footprint temporospatial changes China

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Spatially precise reconstruction of cropland areas in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China during 1900-1910

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2015年第5期25卷 592-602页

作者： ZHANG Lijuan JIANG Lanqi ZHANG Xuezhen Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment Harbin Normal University Har- bin 150025 China Key Laboratory of land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re- sources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation center for climate change Nanjing 210093 China

It is necessary to reconstruct past changes in land use and land cover to under- stand the historical effects of humans on climate and the local environment. We collected information from historical documents on the cropland area at the county level for Heilongji- ang Province, northeast China during 1900-1910. The original records from different histori- cal documents were calibrated with each other. We then defined an agricultural suitability index quantified by the distance from settlements, the slope and complexity of the topography, and the distance from rivers. Following the order of the agricultural suitability index from high to low values, the documented areas of cropland at the county level were then allocated into 1 km x 1 km cells. The area of cropland in 2009 was then retrieved from landsat ETM＋ images and compared with the areas of cropland during 1900-1910 to determine the human-induced changes in land use and land cover. In this period, the total area of cropland was about 25,397 km2 and this mainly occurred in the mid-southern part of Heilongjiang, in particular the six counties of Hailun, Bayan, Wuchang, Hulan, Shuangcheng and Wangkui. In 2009, the total area of cropland had increased to about 163,808 km2 and had spread over the south- western part to the central and northeastern parts of Heilongjiang. The area of cropland had therefore increased by about 138,411 km2 during the 20th century. The proportion of land used as cropland increased from about 5.6% during 1900-1910 to about 36.2% in 2009, indicating that about 30.6% of the natural land surface in Heilongjiang was replaced by cropland. A total of about 44% （60,962 km2） of the cropland was converted from forest, mainly on the western edge and in the northeastern part of the present-day agricultural area. These areas of cropland reconstructed from historical records for the period 1900-1910 could be used as a basic data set to study the effects of agricultural development on climate and the lo

关键词： agricultural suitability index Heilongjiang Province, northeast China land cover changes 1900-1910

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