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Utilization of eye care services among those with unilateral visual impairment in rural South india：Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study(APEDS)

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第3期10卷 473-479页

作者： Srinivas Marmamula Giridhar Pyda Rohit C Khanna Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care L V Prasad Eye Institute Hyderabad 500034 India Brien Holden Eye Research Centre L V Prasad Eye Institute Hyderabad 500034 India wellcome trust/dbt india alliance fellow L V Prasad Eye Institute Hyderabad 500034 India School of Optometry & Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science L V Prasad Eye Institute Hyderabad 500034 India

AIM：To report on the utilization of eye care services and its associated factors among those with unilateral visual impairment（VI）in a rural South indian ***：A population based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts（Adilabad,Mahbubnagar and West Godavari）in the state of Andhra Pradesh,india.A detailed interview and a comprehensive eye examination were conducted. Those with unilateral VI were asked questions about noticing any change in vision and on utilization of eye care services. The most important reason reported by the participant for not utilizing the services was used for the analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between noticing a change in vision and socio-demographic variables such as age,gender,education and area of residence,severity and causes of ***：Among the 4456 participants aged ≥16y who were administered the questionnaire,53.2% were women,and 54.7% had no education. Of the 489（11%; 95% CI：10.1-11.9）people with unilateral VI,399（81.6%）participants reported noticing a change in their vision over the last five years but only 136（34.1%）participants had soughteye care consultation. Those who had any education（OR：1.9; 95% CI：1.1-3.2）,had blindness（OR：2.7; 95% CI：1.4-5.2）,and cataract（OR：2.1; 95% CI：1.0-4.3）as a cause of unilateral VI were more like to seek eye care consultations. The most commonly reported reasons for not seeking eye care services were ＂do not have money for eye checkup＂ in 30.7% of the participants followed by ＂do not have a serious problem＂（30.0%）.CONCLUSION：A large proportion of rural population though noticed a change in their vision did not seek eye care due to financial and person-related reasons. Eye care service providers need to address these barriers to enhance the uptake of eye care services among those with unilateral VI.

关键词： unilateral visual impairment socio-demographic variables Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study india

Multifaceted role of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway in human health and disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5159-5183页

作者： Vivek Panwar Aishwarya Singh Manini Bhatt Rajiv K.Tonk Shavkatjon Azizov Agha Saquib Raza Shinjinee Sengupta Deepak Kumar Manoj Garg Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal Pradesh173229India Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research(AIMMSCR) Amity University Uttar PradeshSector-125NoidaUttar Pradesh201313India Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyRoparPunjab140001India Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical SciencesDelhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University(DPSRU)New Delhi110017India Laboratory of Biological Active Macromolecular Systems Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryAcademy of Sciences UzbekistanTashkent100125Uzbekistan Faculty of Life Sciences Pharmaceutical Technical University100084TashkentUzbekistan Rajive Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital TahirpurNew Delhi110093India

The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)is a protein kinase that controls cellular metabolism,catabolism,immune responses,autophagy,survival,proliferation,and migration,to maintain cellular *** mTOR signaling cascade consists of two distinct multi-subunit complexes named mTOR complex 1/2(mTORC1/2).mTOR catalyzes the phosphorylation of several critical proteins like AKT,protein kinase C,insulin growth factor receptor(IGF-1R),4E binding protein 1(4E-BP1),ribosomal protein S6 kinase(S6K),transcription factor EB(TFEB),sterol-responsive element-binding proteins(SREBPs),Lipin-1,and Unc-51-like autophagy-activating *** signaling plays a central role in regulating translation,lipid synthesis,nucleotide synthesis,biogenesis of lysosomes,nutrient sensing,and growth factor *** emerging pieces of evidence have revealed that the constitutive activation of the mTOR pathway due to mutations/amplification/deletion in either mTOR and its complexes(mTORC1 and mTORC2)or upstream targets is responsible for aging,neurological diseases,and human ***,we provide the detailed structure of mTOR,its complexes,and the comprehensive role of upstream regulators,as well as downstream effectors of mTOR signaling cascades in the metabolism,biogenesis of biomolecules,immune responses,and ***,we summarize the potential of long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)as an important modulator of mTOR ***,we have highlighted the potential of mTOR signaling in aging,neurological disorders,human cancers,cancer stem cells,and drug ***,we discuss the developments for the therapeutic targeting of mTOR signaling with improved anticancer efficacy for the benefit of cancer patients in clinics.

关键词： metabolism homeostasis mTOR

Cell-type specific role of autophagy in the liver and its implications in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第12期15卷 1272-1283页

作者： Sana Raza Sangam Rajak Rajani Singh Jin Zhou Rohit A Sinha Amit Goel Department of Endocrinology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesUttar PradeshLucknow 226014India Department of Hepatology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesUttar PradeshLucknow 226014India CVMD Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore 169857Singapore

Autophagy,a cellular degradative process,has emerged as a key regulator of cellular energy production and stress *** autophagy is a common phenomenon observed in several human diseases,and its restoration offers curative ***-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),more recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,is a major metabolic liver disease affecting almost 30%of the world ***,NAFLD has no pharmacological therapies available to *** regulates several hepatic processes including lipid metabolism,inflammation,cellular integrity and cellular plasticity in both parenchymal(hepatocytes)and non-parenchymal cells(Kupffer cells,hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells)with a profound impact on NAFLD *** cell type-specific autophagy in the liver is essential in order to develop targeted treatments for liver diseases such as *** autophagy in specific cell types can have varying effects on liver function and pathology,making it a promising area of research for liver-related *** review aims to summarize our present understanding of cell-type specific effects of autophagy and their implications in developing autophagy centric therapies for NAFLD.

关键词： Autophagy Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatocytes Macrophages Hepatic stellate cells

Vitamins and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A molecular insight

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Liver Research 2021年第2期5卷 62-71页

作者： Sana Raza Archana Tewari Sangam Rajak Rohit A.Sinha Department of Endocrinology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowIndia

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is rising rapidly across the *** pathogenesis is largely driven by an imbalance in hepatic energy metabolism,and at present,there is no approved drug for its *** liver plays a crucial role in micronutrient metabolism,and deregulation of this micronutrient metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of *** regulate several enzymatic processes in the liver,and derangement in vitamin metabolism is believed to play a critical role in NAFLD *** anti-oxidant activities of vitamins C and E have been attributed to mitigate hepatocyte injury,and alterations in the serum levels of vitamin D,vitamin B12 and folate have shown a strong correlation with NAFLD *** review aims to highlight the role of these vitamins,which represent promising therapeutic targets for the management of NAFLD.

关键词： Anti-oxidant Autophagy Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E

Association of obesity with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in india:A meta-analysis of observational studies

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World Journal of Diabetes 2018年第1期9卷 40-52页

作者： Giridhara R Babu GVS Murthy Yamuna Ana Prital Patel R Deepa Sara E Benjamin-Neelon Sanjay Kinra K Srinath Reddy Public Health Foundation of india IIPH-HBangalore CampusSIHFW PremisesBeside Leprosy HospitalBangalore 560023India indian Institute of Public Health-Hyderabad Plot#1A.N.V.ArcadeAmar Co-op SocietyKavuri HillsMadhapurHyderabad 500033India London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London WC1E 7HTUnited Kingdom indian School of Business Hyderabad 500111India Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health BaltimoreMD 21205United States Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and University College London HospitalLondon WC1E 7HTUnited Kingdom Public Health Foundation of india ISID Campus4 Institutional Area Vasant KunjNew Delhi 110070India

AIM To perform a meta-analysis of the association of obesity with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in india among adults. METHODS To conduct meta-analysis, we performed comprehensive, electronic literature search in the PubM ed, CINAHL Plus, and Google Scholar. We restricted the analysis to studies with documentation of some measure of obesity namely; body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference and diagnosis of hypertension or diagnosis of T2DM. By obtaining summary estimates of all included studies, the meta-analysis was performed using both RevM an version 5 and "metan" command STATA version 11. Heterogeneity was measured by I^2 statistic. Funnel plot analysis has been done to assess the study publication *** Of the 956 studies screened, 18 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled odds ratio between obesity and hypertension was 3.82(95%CI: 3.39 to 4.25). The heterogeneity around this estimate(I^2 statistic) was 0%, indicating low variability. The pooled odds ratio from the included studies showed a statistically significant association between obesity and T2DM(OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.24) with a high degree of *** Despite methodological differences, obesity showed significant, potentially plausible association with hypertension and T2DM in studies conducted in india. Being a modifiable risk factor, our study informs setting policy priority and intervention efforts to prevent debilitating complications.

关键词： Obesity Meta-analysis Hypertension Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Gender disparity in COVID-19: Role of sex steroid hormones

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第1期14卷 5-9页

作者： Anuja Lipsa Jyothi S Prabhu St Johns Research Institute and St Johns Medical College St Johns National Academy of Health SciencesBangalore-560034.KarnatakaIndia

The emerging pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel pathogenic human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant morbidity and mortality across the globe,prompting the scientific world to search for preventive measures to interrupt the disease *** data indicates gender-based differences in COVID-19 morbidity with better outcome amongst *** in sex-dependent morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients may be attributed to difference in levels of sex steroid hormones-androgens and *** suggests that apart from the regulation of viral host factors,immunomodulatory and cardioprotective roles exerted by estrogen and progesterone may provide protection to females against *** the underlying mechanisms and beneficial effects of these hormones as an adjuvant to existing therapy may be a step towards improving the *** article aims to review studies demonstrating the role of sex steroidal hormones in modulating SARS-CoV-2 host factors and summarize plausible biological reasons for sex-based differences seen in COVID-19 mortality.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Gender differences Steroid hormones Estrogens Androgens

Molecular links between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatoma Research 2019年第12期5卷 1-11页

作者： Sana Raza Sangam Rajak Baby Anjum Rohit A.Sinha Department of Bioscience Integral UniversityLucknow 226026India Department of Endocrinology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknow 226014India

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its advanced complication,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),have become leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)*** this review,we discuss the role of metabolic,gut microbial,immune and endocrine mediators which promote the progression of NAFLD to *** particular,this progression involves multiple hits resulting from lipotoxicity,oxidative stress,inhibition of hepatic autophagy and ***,dysbiosis in the gut associated with obesity also promotes HCC via induction of proinflammatory cytokines and Toll like receptor signalling as well as altered bile ***,compromised T-cell function and impaired hepatic hormonal action promote the development of NASH-associated ***,we discuss the current challenges involved in the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD/NASH-associated HCC.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease non-alcoholic steatohepatitis hepatocellular carcinoma Gut microbiome dysbiosis autophagy ER-stress ROS TNFα TLR-9 TLR-4 hyperinsulinemia

Application of multiphoton microscopy in dermatological studies: A mini-review

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第5期7卷 39-63页

作者： Eljah Yew Christopher R.owlands Peter T.C.So Singapore-MIT alliance for Researchand Technology(SMART) 1 CREATE WayCREATE TowerSingapore 138602 Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts In.stitute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139USA SGR Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139USA

This review summarizes the historical and more recent developments of multiphoton microscopy,as applied to *** microscopy offers several advantages over competingmicroscopy techniques:there is an inherent axial sectioning,penetration depths that competewll with confocal microscopy on account of the use of near-infrared light,and many t wo-pho ton contrast mechanisms,such as second-harmonic generation,have no analogue in *** the penetration depths of photons into tissue are typically limited on the orderof hundreds of microns,this is of les concern in dermatology,as the skin is thin and *** a result,multiphoton microscopy in dermatology has generated a great deal ofmterest,much of which is summarized *** review covers the interaction of light and tissue,as well as the various considerations that must be made when designing an *** stateof multiphoton microscopy in imaging skin cancer and various other diseases is also discussed,along with the investigation of aging and regeneration phenomena,and finally,the use of mul-tiphoton microscopy to analyze the transdermal transport of drugs,cosmetics and other agents *** review concludes with a look at potential future research directions,especiallythose that are necessary to push these techniques into widespread clinical acceptance.

关键词： Multiphoton microscopy skin cancer,aging and regeneration.