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Experimental Study on Diesel Spray and Flame Asymmetry Characteristics of Dual-Orifice Nozzles for a Medium-Speed Engine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 303-322页

作者： JU Dehao LIURui ZHENG Liang DENG Jiahui ZHANG Wenzheng HUO Jinlu HUANG Li Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine research Institute Shanghai 201108China National Key laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology Shanghai 201108China Key laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The asymmetry of the multi-orifice spray will cause uneven heat load of the marine diesel engine,thereby affecting its working performance and service ***,an in-depth understanding of the spray and flame characteristics of multi-orifice nozzles will guide the optimization of the nozzle structure,needle design and diesel atomization and combustion *** this reason,four groups of dual-orifice nozzles with different hole diameters(0.1-0.55 mm)and mass flow rates covering the typical marine medium-speed diesel injections are designed and customized,and the constant volume chamber(CVC)with high temperature and pressure is used to simulate the actual in-cylinder working conditions of the diesel engine for the spray visualization *** study the asymmetry of the fuel sprays discharged from a diesel injector,the multi-orifice nozzle is simplified as a dual-orifice nozzle in this *** with X-ray Computed Tomography(CT)imaging technology,the influences of the nozzle internal structure on the spray and flame asymmetry are studied in the constructed supercritical *** is found that the asymmetry of the inlet angle and the equivalent length-diameter ratio is positively correlated with the inconsistency of the dual *** an increase in the injection pressure and nozzle diameter,the asymmetry of the dual spray becomes more pronounced,resulting in greater disparities in the ignition delay times and ignition positions of the two ***,the increase in nozzle diameter also leads to combustion instability,resulting in a flame with a serrated *** the increase of ambient temperature,the proportion of liquid phase in the jet decreases and the relative density of spray front decreases.

关键词： dual-orifice nozzle nozzle structure atomization spray flame asymmetry

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Emission characteristics and probabilistic health risk of volatile organic compounds from leather sofa

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 79-87页

作者： Chuanhui Mu Yuling Tang Zhaohui Yang Jianfei Zhou Bi Shi National Engineering laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China research Institute of Leather and Footwear Industry of Wenzhou Wenzhou 325088China Key laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Furniture is identified as a vital volatile organic compound(VOC)emission source in the indoor *** has become the most common raw and auxiliary fabric material for upholstered furniture,particularly with extensive consumption in sofas,due to its abundant resources and efficient *** being widely traded across the world,little research has been conducted on the VOCs released by leathermaterials and their health risk assessment in the indoor ***,this study investigated the VOC emissions of leather with different grades and the health risk of the inhalation *** on the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose(EN)and GC-FID/Qtof,the substantial emissions of aliphatic aldehyde ketones(Aks),particularly hexanal,appear to be the cause of off-flavor in medium and low grade(MG and LG)sofa *** health risk assessment indicated that leather materials barely pose non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects to *** the abundance of VOC sources and the accumulation of health risks in the indoor environment,more stringent specifications concerning qualitative and quantitative content should be extended to provide VOC treatment basic for the manufacturing industry and obtain better indoor air quality.

关键词： Indoor environment Leather Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) Health risk assessment

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Split crRNA-motivated amplification-free RNA testing with CRISPR-Cas12a

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 789-801页

作者： Jiayu Zeng Pengfei Liu Jinlian Du Sheng Li Erhu Xiong Ronghua Yang Key laboratory of Chemical Biology&Traditional Chinese Medicine research Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China

The CRISPR RNA(crRNA)consists of a conserved repeat RNA(rRNA)and an alterable spacer RNA(sRNA),which can guide the Cas12a effector to recognize and target DNA molecules of interest in both full-length and split *** herein demonstrated the split crRNA can be repurposed for RNA detection through serving the sRNA as an RNA *** by this phenomenon,we developed a Cas12a-based direct RNA detection method,known as split crRNA-motivated amplification-free RNA testing(SMART).We adopted SMART to detect both short-stranded and long-stranded RNA target using two Cas12a orthologs(LbCas12a and FnCas12a),and it showed more prominent ability in detecting short-stranded RNA than long-stranded *** potential mechanism revealed that RNA overhangs impede the RNA strand and dsDNA activator from accessing the catalytic site in the RuvC domain of the Cas12a effector,compromising the stability of the quaternary complex,and thus reducing the efficiency of ***,by simply introducing a short DNA activator,SMART could detect attomolar miRNA targets and femtomolar long-stranded RNA target without the need for additional preamplification or reverse transcription *** addition,SMART showed wonderful discrimination ability toward single-nucleotide ***,the collaboration of SMART with the CRISPR–Cas13a system enabled simultaneous detection of multiplex ***,SMART is a simple,yet potent tool that can be flexibly applied to various short-stranded RNA detection,and holds great potential to be extended to other Cas12 orthologs.

关键词： RNA detection split crRNA CRISPR-Cas12a amplification-free miRNA

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Leveraging ROTI map derived from Indonesian GNSS receiver network for advancing study of Equatorial Plasma Bubble in Southeast/East Asia

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 101-116页

作者： Prayitno Abadi Ihsan N.Muafiry Teguh N.Pratama Angga Y.Putra Suraina Gatot H.Pramono Sidik T.Wibowo Febrylian F.Chabibi Umar A.Ahmad Wildan P.Tresna Asnawi research Center for Climate and Atmosphere Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia School of Electrical Engineering Telkom UniversityBandungIndonesia Directorate of laboratory Management Facilities and Science and Technology Park Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)PontianakIndonesia Geophysics laboratory Master Program in PhysicsUniversitas Gadjah Mada(UGM)YogyakartaIndonesia research Center for Space Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG) JakartaIndonesia research Center for Photonics Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Tangerang SelatanIndonesia Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan

This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning *** by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude ***-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast *** provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this *** generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific *** preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are ***,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther ***,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East *** have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,*** observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities *** sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionosphe

关键词： Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB) GNSS receivers’network Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS) ionospheric map Rate of TEC change index(ROTI)map

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Experimental Study on Energy Storage Characteristics of Sintered Ore Particle Packed Beds

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 242-253页

作者： LAI Zhenya DING Liwei LYU Hongkun HOU Chenglong CHEN Jiaying GUOXutao HAN Gaoyan ZHANG Kang State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power research Institute Hangzhou 310014China State Key laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The particle packed bed energy storage system has advantages such as low costs and wide temperature ranges,which can be combined with solar thermal power generation systems to solve the inherent volatility and discontinuity of renewable *** new materials with low costs and excellent storage performances is one of the eternal research hotspots in the field of energy *** paper innovatively uses sintered ore particles as energy storage material and studies the effect of particle size on the airflow resistance characteristics,energy storage characteristics,and thermocline evolution characteristics of the packed bed through thermal energy storage *** results indicate that for the particles in the macro scale,the smaller the particle,the lower the absolute permeability of the bed and the greater the airflow *** packed bed with smaller particles has a larger specific surface area,larger bulk mass,and smaller bed ***,the packed beds with smaller particles have better thermocline characteristics,less irreversible loss,and can achieve higher thermal efficiency and higher exergy efficiency in the heat storage *** cycle thermal efficiency in packed beds with 25-40 mm,16-25 mm,and 10-16 mm particles is 53.58%,56.27%,and 57.60%,respectively,and the cycle exergy efficiency is 61.81%,69.25%,and 74.13%,***,this paper also studies the effect of discharging airflow rates on thermal storage *** experimental results indicate that suitable discharging strategies should be selected based on different heat demands.

关键词： particle packed bed airflow resistance thermal energy storage thermocline evolution

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Impact of residual antibiotics on microbial decomposition of livestock manures in Eutric Regosol:Implications for sustainable nutrient recycling and soil carbon sequestration

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 498-511页

作者： Linfa Fang Prakash Lakshmanan Xiaoxuan Su Yujia Shi Zheng Chen Yu Zhang Wei Sun Junxi Wu Ran Xiao Xinping Chen Interdisciplinary research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic ImprovementSugarcane Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning 530007China Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4067QLDAustralia Key laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and National Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The land application of livestock manure has been widely acknowledged as a beneficial approach for nutrient recycling and environmental ***,the impact of residual antibiotics,a common contaminant of manure,on the degradation of organic compounds and nutrient release in Eutric Regosol is not well ***,we studied,how oxytetracycline(OTC)and ciprofloxacin(CIP)affect the decomposition,microbial community structure,extracellular enzyme activities and nutrient release from cattle and pig manure using litterbag incubation *** showed that OTC and CIP greatly inhibited livestock manure decomposition,causing a decreased rate of carbon(28%-87%),nitrogen(15%-44%)and phosphorus(26%-43%)*** relative abundance of gramnegative(G-)bacteria was reduced by 4.0%-13%while fungi increased by 7.0%-71%during a 28-day incubation ***-occurrence network analysis showed that antibiotic exposure disrupted microbial interactions,particularly among G-bacteria,G+bacteria,and *** changes in microbial community structure and function resulted in decreased activity of urease,β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase,alkaline protease,chitinase,and catalase,causing reduced decomposition and nutrient release in cattle and pig *** findings advance our understanding of decomposition and nutrient recycling from manure-contaminated antibiotics,which will help facilitate sustainable agricultural production and soil carbon sequestration.

关键词： Residual antibiotics Livestock manure decomposition Microbial community Co-occurrence network Enzyme activities

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Smartphone-assisted electrochemiluminescence imaging test strips towards dual-signal visualized and sensitive monitoring of aflatoxin B1 in corn samples

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第1期36卷 464-468页

作者： Miao-Miao Chen Min-Ling Zhang Xiao Song Jun Jiang Xiaoqian Tang Qi Zhang Xiuhua Zhang Peiwu Li Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsLaboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products(Wuhan)Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed ProductsOil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430062China Food Safety research Institute Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Hubei Hongshan laboratory Wuhan 430070China Xianghu laboratory Hangzhou 311231China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062China

Aflatoxins B1(AFB1)contamination in agro-food holds great threaten to human and animal *** test strips for rapid AFB1 visualized monitoring remains challenged by improvement of sensitivity and matrix interference *** this case,we developed a portable electrochemiluminescence(ECL)imaging test strip with dual-signal outputs for AFB1 quantification in corn ***@SiO_(2)@Au nanospheres were synthesized for bonding with anti-AFB1 antibody and then colorimetrical signal-reported on test line through the capillary flow at ***,ECL imaging signal of the constructed carbon-ink-based working electrode on polyvinyl chloride substrate of strips was exported under an applied potential of 1.25 *** whole ECL test strips not only endowed convenient colorimetric responses but guaranteed quick-witted ECL image distinguishment even at extremely low AFB1 *** detection limit of this ECL imaging-integrated mode was 10-fold lower than that of only colorimetric ***,satisfactory selectivity,reliability and practicability of the as-proposed ECL test strips were *** work offered a promising platform for on-site,accurate and sensitive detection of pollutants in foods.

关键词： Electrochemiluminescence imaging Test strips Nanomaterials Dual-signal outputs Aflatoxin B1 Food safety

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Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Family Regulates Stress Tolerance and Development in Plants

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Rice science 2025年第1期32卷 32-43页

作者： HAO Zhiqi WANG Tingyi CHEN Dongdong SHEN Lan ZHANG Guangheng QIAN Qian ZHU Li State Key laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China Yazhouwan National laboratory Sanya 572024China National Nanfan research Institute(Sanya) Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China

The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense *** proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR ***,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental ***,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress *** this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in *** extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress *** review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic *** upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.

关键词： leucine-rich repeat classification function stress tolerance plant development

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Bioelectronic medicine in modulation of cortical spreading depolarization and beyond

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第2期20卷 481-482页

作者： Khaled Alok Timothy G.White Chunyan Li Department of Neurosurgery Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA Translational Brain research laboratory The Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNYUSA

Bioelectronic interventions,specifically trigeminal nerve st imulat ion(TNS),have attracted considerable attention in conditions where cortical spreading depolarizations(CSDs)accompanied by compromised cerebral perfusion may exacerbate neurological *** pharmacological interventions have demonstrated initial potential in addressing CSDs,a standardized treatment approach has not yet been *** objective of this perspective is to explore emerging bioelectronic methodologies for addressing CSDs,particularly emphasizing TNS,and to underscore TNS’s capacity to enhance neurovascular coupling and cerebral perfusion.

关键词： cerebral perfusion electronic

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Expanding Viral Diversity in Rice Fields by Next-Generation Sequencing

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Rice science 2025年第1期32卷 44-51,I0024-I0040页

作者： WANG Haoran CHEN Guoqing FENG Guozhong State Key laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 311400China

In rice fields,rice plants usually grow alongside wild weeds and are attacked by various invertebrate *** are abundant in plants and invertebrates,playing crucial ecological roles in controlling microbial abundance and maintaining community *** date,only 16 rice viruses have been documented in rice-growing *** viruses pose serious threats to rice production and have traditionally been identified only from rice plants and insect vectors by isolation *** in next-generation sequencing(NGS)have made it feasible to discover viruses on a global ***,numerous viruses have been identified in plants and invertebrates using NGS *** this review,we discuss viral studies in rice plants,invertebrate species,and weeds in rice *** novel viruses have been discovered in rice ecosystems through NGS technologies,with some also detected using metatranscriptomic and small RNA *** analyses greatly expand our understanding of viruses in rice fields and provide valuable insights for developing efficient strategies to manage insect pests and virus-mediated rice diseases.

关键词： next-generation sequencing virus rice plant invertebrate species wild weed ecosystem viral transmission

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