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Direct-Seeded Rice: Genetic Improvement of Game-Changing Traits for Better Adaption

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： Priyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram BHOR Dipti Digambar GODSE Priyanka JADHAV C.ANILKUMAR Dasari SREEKANTH K.SAMMI REDDY Sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.M.BORAIH C.B.HARISHA P.S.BASAVARAJ Indian Council of Agricultural research(ICAR)-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India ICAR-National Rice research Institute Cuttack 753006India ICAR-Directorate of weed research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice production continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the impending climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accompanying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most practical solutions. Despite its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed competitiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR approach, leveraging advanced techniques such as speed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed competitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DSR adaptation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop production in DSR conditions and explore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-changing traits in DSR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impact and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR practices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

A New Speed Limit Recognition Methodology Based on Ensemble Learning:Hardware Validation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 119-138页

作者： Mohamed Karray Nesrine Triki Mohamed Ksantini ESME ESME Research LabIvry Sur Seine94200France CEM Lab ENISUniversity of SfaxSfax3038Tunisia

Advanced DriverAssistance Systems(ADAS)technologies can assist drivers or be part of automatic driving systems to support the driving process and improve the level of safety and comfort on the *** Sign Recognition System(TSRS)is one of themost important components *** the challengeswith TSRS is being able to recognize road signs with the highest accuracy and the shortest processing ***,this paper introduces a new real time methodology recognizing Speed Limit Signs based on a trio of developed ***,the Speed Limit Detection(SLD)module uses the Haar Cascade technique to generate a new SL detector in order to localize SL signs within captured ***,the Speed Limit Classification(SLC)module,featuring machine learning classifiers alongside a newly developed model called DeepSL,harnesses the power of a CNN architecture to extract intricate features from speed limit sign images,ensuring efficient and precise *** addition,a new Speed Limit Classifiers Fusion(SLCF)module has been developed by combining trained ML classifiers and the DeepSL model by using the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions and ensemble learning’s voting *** rigorous software and hardware validation processes,the proposedmethodology has achieved highly significant F1 scores of 99.98%and 99.96%for DS theory and the votingmethod,***,a prototype encompassing all components demonstrates outstanding reliability and efficacy,with processing times of 150 ms for the Raspberry Pi board and 81.5 ms for the Nano Jetson board,marking a significant advancement in TSRS technology.

关键词： Driving automation advanced driver assistance systems(ADAS) traffic sign recognition(TSR) artificial intelligence ensemble learning belief functions voting method

A survey on dynamic graph processing on GPUs: concepts, terminologies and systems

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 1-23页

作者： Hongru GAO Xiaofei LIAO Zhiyuan SHAO Kexin LI Jiajie CHEN Hai JIN National Engineering research Center for Big Data Technology and System/Services Computing Technology and System lab/Cluster and Grid Computing lab School of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Zhejiang lab Hangzhou 311121China

Graphs that are used to model real-world entities with vertices and relationships among entities with edges,have proven to be a powerful tool for describing real-world problems in *** most real-world scenarios,entities and their relationships are subject to constant *** that record such changes are called dynamic *** recent years,the widespread application scenarios of dynamic graphs have stimulated extensive research on dynamic graph processing systems that continuously ingest graph updates and produce up-to-date graph analytics *** the scale of dynamic graphs becomes larger,higher performance requirements are demanded to dynamic graph processing *** the massive parallel processing power and high memory bandwidth,GPUs become mainstream vehicles to accelerate dynamic graph processing ***-based dynamic graph processing systems mainly address two challenges:maintaining the graph data when updates occur(i.e.,graph updating)and producing analytics results in time(i.e.,graph computing).In this paper,we survey GPU-based dynamic graph processing systems and review their methods on addressing both graph updating and graph *** comprehensively discuss existing dynamic graph processing systems on GPUs,we first introduce the terminologies of dynamic graph processing and then develop a taxonomy to describe the methods employed for graph updating and graph *** addition,we discuss the challenges and future research directions of dynamic graph processing on GPUs.

关键词： dynamic graphs graph processing graph algorithms GPUs

Alternaria TeA toxin activates a chloroplast retrograde signaling pathway to facilitate JAdependent pathogenicity

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Plant Communications 2024年第3期5卷 123-140页

作者： Jiale Shi He Wang Mengping Li Liru Mi Yazhi Gao Sheng Qiang Yu Zhang Dan Chen Xinbin Dai Hongyu Ma Huan Lu Chanhong Kim Shiguo Chen weed research laboratory Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Bioinformatics and Computational Biology laboratory Noble Research Institute2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Botany and Plant Biology University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

The chloroplast is a critical battleground in the arms race between plants and *** microbe-secreted mycotoxins,tenuazonic acid(TeA),produced by the genus Alternaria and other phytopathogenic fungi,inhibits photosynthesis,leading to a burst of photosynthetic singlet oxygen(1O2)that is implicated in damage and chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde *** the signicant crop damage caused by Alternaria pathogens,our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which TeA promotes pathoge-nicity and cognate plant defense responses remains *** now reveal that *** induces necrotrophic foliar lesions by harnessing EXECUTER1(EX1)/EX2-mediated chloroplast-to-nucleus retro-grade signaling activated by TeA toxin–derived photosynthetic 1O2 in Arabidopsis *** of the 1O2-sensitive EX1-W643 residue or complete deletion of the EX1 singlet oxygen sensor domain compro-mises expression of 1O2-responsive nuclear genes and foliar *** also found that TeA toxin rapidly induces nuclear genes implicated in jasmonic acid(JA)synthesis and signaling,and EX1-mediated retro-grade signaling appears to be critical for establishing a signaling cascade from 1O2 to *** present study sheds new light on the foliar pathogenicity of ***,during which EX1-dependent 1O2 signaling in-duces JA-dependent foliar cell death.

关键词： TeA mycotoxin Alternaria pathogen chloroplast singlet oxygen retrograde signaling jasmonic acid

Precise control of page cache for containers

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第2期18卷 17-30页

作者： Kun WANG Song WU Shengbang LI Zhuo HUANG Hao FAN Chen YU Hai JIN National Engineering research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabCluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Container-based virtualization isbecoming increasingly popular in cloud computing due to its efficiency and *** isolation is a fundamental property of *** works have indicated weak resource isolation could cause significant performance degradation for containerized applications and enhanced resource ***,current studies have almost not discussed the isolation problems of page cache which is a key resource for *** leverage memory cgroup to control page cache ***,existing policy introduces two major problems in a container-based ***,containers can utilize more memory than limited by their cgroup,effectively breaking memory ***,the Os kernel has to evict page cache to make space for newly-arrived memory requests,slowing down containerized *** paper performs an empirical study of these problems and demonstrates the performance impacts on containerized *** we propose pCache(precise control of page cache)to address the problems by dividing page cache into private and shared and controlling both kinds of page cache separately and *** do so,pCache leverages two new technologies:fair account(f-account)and evict on demand(EoD).F-account splits the shared page cache charging based on per-container share to prevent containers from using memory for free,enhancing memory *** EoD reduces unnecessary page cache evictions to avoid the performance *** evaluation results demonstrate that our system can effectively enhance memory isolation for containers and achieve substantial performance improvement over the original page cache management policy.

关键词： page cache memory cgroup container isolation cloud computing

Surface-phonon-polariton-enhanced photoinduced dipole force for nanoscale infrared imaging

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 227-235页

作者： Jian Li Junghoon Jahng Xuezhi Ma Jing Liang Xue Zhang Qianhao Min Xiao-Liang Wang Shuangjun Chen Eun Seong Lee Xing-Hua Xia State Key lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Hyperspectral Nano-Imaging Team Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Institute of Materials research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University

The photoinduced dipole force(Pi DF) is an attractive force arising from the Coulombic interaction between the light-induced dipoles on the illuminated tip and the sample. It shows extreme sample-tip distance and refractive index dependence, which is promising for nanoscale infrared(IR) imaging of ultrathin samples. However, the existence of Pi DF in the mid-IR region has not been experimentally demonstrated due to the coexistence of photoinduced thermal force(Pi TF), typically one to two orders of magnitude higher than Pi DF. In this study, we demonstrate that, with the assistance of surface phonon polaritons, the Pi DF of c-quartz can be enhanced to surpass its Pi TF, enabling a clear observation of Pi DF spectra reflecting the properties of the real part of permittivity. Leveraging the detection of the Pi DF of phonon polaritonic substrate, we propose a strategy to enhance the sensitivity and contrast of photoinduced force responses in transmission images, facilitating the precise differentiation of the heterogeneous distribution of ultrathin samples.

关键词： surface phonon polariton photoinduced dipole force nanoscale infrared imaging ultrathin sample

XGCN:a library for large-scale graph neural network recommendations

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第3期18卷 247-249页

作者： Xiran SONG Hong HUANG Jianxun LIAN Hai JIN National Engineering research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabCluster and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Microsoft research Asia Beijing 100080China

1 Introduction Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)have gained widespread adoption in recommendation systems,and nowadays there is a pressing need to effectively manage large-scale graph data[1].When it comes to large graphs,GNNs may encounter the scalability issue stemming from their multi-layer messagepassing ***,scaling GNNs has emerged as a crucial research area in recent years,with numerous scaling strategies being proposed.

关键词： scaling gained operations

Autonomous eVTOL:A summary of researches and challenges

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第1期3卷 55-69页

作者： Senwei Xiang Anhuan Xie Minxiang Ye Xufei Yan Xiaojia Han Hongjiao Niu Qiang Li Haishan Huang research Center for Intelligent Robotics Zhejiang LabHangzhou 311121China TianMuShan laboratory Hangzhou 310023China

Due to the rising concept of advanced air mobility(AAM),electric vertical take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircraft has become the hotspot for academic research and commercial *** paper provides a comprehensive review of latest researches related to autonomous *** examines key technologies involved in autonomous eVTOL,including automated flight control,sensing&perception,safety&reliability,and decision *** also addresses the technical,regulatory,and societal challenges associated with the wholesale adoption of autonomous eVTOL into *** paper concludes with a discussion of future trends and recommendations,including the importance of integration with air traffic management,urban infrastructure and human–machine *** aims to be a useful resource for those involved in the research,policy,and industry of autonomous eVTOL technology.

关键词： eVTOL AAM Autonomy Key technology Challenge

A vectorial model for the nonlinear gradient force exerted on metallic Rayleigh nanoparticles

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 207-213页

作者：朱政张聿全闵长俊 Aurèle J.LAdam H.Paul Urbach 袁小聪 research Center for Humanoid Sensing Research Institute of Intelligent SensingZhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China Nanophotonics research Center Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics&State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Optics research Group ImPhys DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CJThe Netherlands

Optical tweezers have proved to be a powerful tool with a wide range of *** gradient force plays a vital role in the stable optical trapping of *** scalar method is convenient and effective for analyzing the gradient force in traditional optical ***,when the third-order nonlinear effect of the nano-object is stimulated,the scalar method cannot adequately present the optical response of the metal nanoparticle to the external optical ***,we propose a theoretical model to interpret the nonlinear gradient force using the vector *** combining the optical Kerr effect,the polarizability vector of the metallic nanoparticle is derived.A quantitative analysis is obtained for the gradient force as well as for the optical potential *** vector method yields better agreement with reported experimental *** suggest that this method could lead to a deeper understanding of the physics relevant to nonlinear optical trapping and binding phenomena.

关键词： gradient forces nonlinear effect metallic nanoparticles