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Efficacy of spray flushing in the reprocessing of flexible endoscopes:A randomized controlled trial

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3680-3688页

作者： Jiang Du Miao Zhang Si-Yuan Tao Lian-Song Ye Hui Gong Bing Hu Qiong-Ying Zhang Fu Qiao Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina West China School of Nursing Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Infection Control West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Digestive Endoscopy Medical engineering research Laboratory West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Commonly used cleaning brushes in the reprocessing of flexible endoscopes often cause damage within the working *** To develop a spray flushing system to achieving effective cleaning of the working channels while minimizing *** This prospective study included 60 used endoscopes and 60 Teflon tubes randomly divided into a control group(n=30)and an experimental group(n=30).The material of Teflon tubes was the same as that of the endoscope working *** in the control group were manually cleaned using traditional cleaning brushes,while those in the experimental group were cleaned using the newly developed spray flushing *** levels,cleanliness,and microbiological testing of the working channels were ***,Teflon tubes in the control group underwent 500 passes with a cleaning brush,while those in the experimental group were subjected to the spray flushing system,and channel damage was *** The ATP levels(RLU)in the two groups were 32.5(13-66)and 26(16-40),respectively(P>0.05).Cleanliness scores were 1.5(1-2)and 1(1-2),respectively(P>0.05).Debris was found in 73.3%of the control group,which was significantly higher than 46.7%in the experimental group(Pgroups yielded negative *** tube damage in the control group was rated at 4(4-5.25),which was significantly higher than in the experimental group 4(3-4)(P<0.01).CONCLUSION The spray flushing system demonstrated superior efficacy in removing debris and resulted in less damage to the endoscope working channels compared with traditional cleaning brushes.

关键词： Endoscope ATP Flexible endoscope Disinfection Reprocessing

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Corrosion Resistance of High Performance Weathering Steel for Bridge Building Applications

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2012年第6期19卷 59-63页

作者： CHEN Ai-hua XU Jian-qiu LI Ran LI Hua-long Institute of research of Iron and Steel Shasteel GroupZhangjiagang 215625JiangsuChina Chief engineering Office Shasteel GroupZhangjiagang 215625JiangsuChina

The mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and microstructures of high performance steel （HPS） was investigated by tensile testing machine, Charpy V-Notch （CVN） testing machine, cyclic immersion corrosion tester, XRD, optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and electron probe micro-analyzer （EPMA）. The results showed that significant differences existed in the tensile strength, yield strength and impact toughness between HPS and PCS. After 72 h cyclic immersion accelerated corrosion test, the inner rust layer on HPS was com- posed of a-FeOOH phase and denser than that on PCS that was a mixture of a-FeOOH and Fe3 04. The rust formed on HPS provides better protection and HPS has lower corrosion rates than PCS. Copper and chromium in HPS en- rich in the rust layer and enhance the compactness of the rust layer. Based on the results of the accelerated corrosion tests and rust layer analysis, the roles of Cu and Cr against corrosion are discussed, providing HPS with chemical specification which has been industrially successful to produce weathering steel for bridge structure.

关键词： HPS corrosion resistancel microstructure mechanical property

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Post-marketing safety monitoring of Shenqifuzheng injection: a solution made of Dangshen(Radix Codonopsis)and Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongolici)

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2014年第4期34卷 498-503页

作者： Qinghua Ai Wen Zhang Yanming Xie Wenhua Huang Hong Liang Hui Cao Institute of Basic research in Clinical Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences National engineering research Center For Modernization of TCM Livzon (group) Limin Pharmaceutical Factory National engineering research Center for Modernization of TCM

OBJECTIVE:Toidentify the potential risk factors associated with Shenqifuzheng injection(SFI), a solution made of Dangshen(Radix Codonopsis) and Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongolici), for the timely provision of information to regulatory ***: A comprehensive analysis of the production process, quality standards, pharmacology,post-marketing clinical studies, and safety evaluation using the primary literature of adverse reactions(ADR), case analyses, and systematic reviews,intensive hospital safety monitoring of post-marketing drugs, and data provided by the hospital in-formationsystem(HIS).RESULTS: Sub-acute toxicity tests suggesting that a dose of 15 mL/kg(concentrated solution) had specific biological effects, whereas a smaller dose engendered no observable effects. Long-term toxicity testing in domestic rabbits showed that after SFI was administered for 90 days, the animals in each dosing group showed no chronic toxic reactions. Among 20 100 cases observed, the incidence of an ADR was 1.85‰. From March to November 2013,of the leading institutions and 22 sub-centers involved in the post-marketing clinical safety intensive hospital monitoring, 21 units completed 8484 cases of monitoring, and reported 23 cases of adverse reactions. No damage to renal function was found using SFI ata dosageanda treatment course larger and longer than that recommended for the adjuvant treatment of tumors. This could reduce the mortality rate of admitted patients based on the analysis of the data provided by the HIS. A total of 16 clinical case reports of adverse reactions related to SFI in 1999-2012 were obtained through literature retrieval. These reports contained information concerning 17 cases, with adverse reaction symptoms including thrombocytopenia, rash,chills,feeling cold,palpitation,dyspnea,edemaofa lower extremity, palpebral edema, and superficial vein in flammation,among ***: This study introduces "get full access" to the flow of information on med

关键词： Post-marketing re-evaluation Safety research Shenqifuzheng injection

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Dent Resistance for Automobile Body Panels

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical engineering 2009年第6期22卷 903-911页

作者： LU Hongzhou MA Mingm YOU Jianghai LI Zhigang China Automotive engineering research Institute Chongqing 400039 China Southwest Aluminum （group） Co. Ltd Chongqing 401326 China

Dent resistance of automobile body panels is an important property for automobile design and manufacture, but the study on this aspect is not still profound. This study is to summarize the testing methods and physical significations of static and dynamic dent resistance of automobile body panels combined with the author＇s study, and to analyze the dent behaviors in the round. Several influence factors on dent resistance are expatiated including the mechanical properties of materials, stress states after forming, bake hardening ability, modulus, methods of testing, and structure of specimens and so on. The automotive lightweight and application of high strength steel sheets and aluminum alloys sheets are analyzed, and the significance of testing of dent resistance, especially for dynamic dent resistance of auto-panels, and the finite element simulation analysis are emphasized. To explain the physical phenomenon of dent behaviors, the latest and concerned study results are also discussed. According to this study, a dent resistance test and evaluation standard of Society of Automotive Engineers of China for automotive body panel is presented and is being carried out, and an industry conference is hold to discuss the working-out of the standard, a primary schedule of this standard is confirmed now. The study can guide the further testing and study of dent resistant of auto-panels.

关键词： dent resistance dent resistance test automobile body panels dynamic dent resistance stiffness

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1.7 kV normally-off p-GaN gate high-electron-mobility transistors on a semi-insulating SiC substrate

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第2期66卷 250-255页

作者： Shenglei ZHAO Jincheng ZHANG Yachao ZHANG Lansheng FENG Shuang LIU Xiufeng SONG Yixin YAO Jun LUO Zhihong LIU Shengrui XU Yue HAO Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices School of Microelectronics Xidian University School of Mechano-Electronic engineering Xidian University testing Center Sichuan Institute of Solid-State CircuitsChina Electronics Technology Group Corporation

A study of 1.7 kV normally-off p-GaN gate high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs) on SiC substrates is presented. The fabricated p-GaN HEMT with a gate-drain spacing LGD = 5 μm exhibited a threshold voltage of 1.10 V, a maximum drain current of 235 mA/mm, an ON/OFF ratio of 108, and a breakdown voltage of 440 V. Benefiting from the semi-insulating and high-critical-electric-field substrate, the p-GaN HEMT with LGD = 23 μm achieved the remarkably high breakdown voltage of 1740 V with substrate grounded. This breakdown voltage is very high compared with the reported values for p-GaN HEMTs on silicon substrates with substrate grounded. The vertical breakdown voltage for the p-GaN-on-SiC material exceeded 3 kV with substrate grounded. In addition, the maximum drain current at 500 K was 48% of that at 300 K with a negligible threshold voltage shift. These results indicate the substantial potential of p-GaN gate HEMTs on SiC substrates for high-voltage power applications.

关键词： p-GaN gate HEMTs high voltage SiC substrate

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Artificial neural network-based repair and maintenance cost estimation model for rice combine harvesters

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2023年第2期16卷 38-47页

作者： Apsornrat Numsong Jetsada Posom Somchai Chuan-Udom Department of Agricultural engineering Faculty of EngineeringKhon Kaen UniversityThailand Applied engineering for Important Crops of the North East research group Khon Kaen UniversityThailand

This research proposes an artificial neural network(ANN)-based repair and maintenance(R&M)cost estimation model for agricultural *** proposed ANN model can achieve high estimation accuracy with small data *** the study,the proposed ANN model is implemented to estimate the R&M costs using a sample of locally-made rice combine *** model inputs are geographical regions,harvest area,and curve fitting coefficients related to historical cost data;and the ANN output is the estimated R&M *** feed-forward is adopted as the processing algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation learning as the training *** R&M costs are estimated using the ANN-based model,and results are compared with those of conventional mathematical estimation *** results reveal that the percentage error between the conventional and ANN-based estimation models is below 1%,indicating the proposed ANN model’s high predictive *** proposed ANN-based model is useful for setting the service rates of agricultural machinery,given the significance of R&M cost in *** novelty of this research lies in the use of curve-fitting coefficients in the ANN-based estimation model to improve estimation ***,the proposed ANN model could be further developed into web-based applications using a programming language to enable ease of use and greater user ***,with minor modifications,the ANN estimation model is also applicable to other geographical areas and tractors or combine harvesters of different countries of origin.

关键词： repair and maintenance cost estimation model artificial neural network curve fitting coefficients combine harvesters

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Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline/Partially Phosphorylated Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanoparticles

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2014年第1期32卷 35-42页

作者：蒋绪 Bing-chang Li Yong-hui Song Zhi-liang Gao Bei-bei Nan research Institute of Energy Chemical Industry Xianyang Vocational Technical College Department of Energy engineering Shaanxi Energy Institute research Center of Metallurgical engineering & Technology of Shaanxi Province Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology research Institute of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (group) Co. Ltd.

The polyaniline/partially phosphorylated poly（vinyl alcohol）（PANI/P-PVA） nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical oxidative dispersion polymerization of aniline monomer in 0.5 mol/L HC1 aqueous media with the partially phosphorylated poly（vinyl alcohol）（P-PVA） as the stabilizer and co-dopant. The PANI/P-PVA nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, electrical conductivity measurements and re-dispersion stability testing. All the results were compared with the properties of the conventional polyaniline in the emeraldine salt form （PANI ES）. It was found that the feeding ratio of P-PVA obviously affected the morphology, re-dispersion stability and electrical conductivity of the PANI/P-PVA nanoparticles. When the feeding ratio of P-PVA ranged from 40 wt% to 50 wt%, the PANI/P-PVA nanoparticles showed spherical shape with good uniformity, significant re-dispersion stability in aqueous media and good electrical conductivity.

关键词： Conducting polyaniline Phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) Colloidal dispersion.

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Assembly and electrochemical testing of renewable carbon-based anodes in SIBs:A practical guide

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第12期75卷 457-477,I0012页

作者： Darío Alvira Daniel Antorán Joan JManyà Aragón Institute of engineering research(I3A) Thermochemical Processes GroupUniversity of ZaragozaEscuela Politécnica Superior22071 HuescaSpain

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are considered as a promising candidate to replace lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in large-scale energy storage *** sodium resources and similar working principles make this technology attractive to be implemented in the near ***,the development of high-performance carbon anodes is a focal point to the upcoming success of SIBs in terms of power density,cycling stability,and *** knowledge in electrochemical and physicochemical techniques is required to properly evaluate the anode performance and move it in the right *** review aims at providing a comprehensive guideline to help researchers from different backgrounds(e.g.,nanomaterials and thermochemistry)to delve into this *** main components,lab configurations,procedures,and working principles of SIBs are ***,a detailed description of the most used electrochemical and physicochemical techniques to characterize electrochemically active materials is provided.

关键词： Sodium-ion battery Anode Hard carbon Electrochemical techniques Carbon characterization

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Effect of microstructure variation on corrosion properties of as-cast 0Cr23Ni13 stainless steel at high strain rate of hot compression

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2023年第10期30卷 2091-2100页

作者： Jun-chen Li Meng-yuan Ye Rui-dong Li Xing-run Chen School of Material Science and engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050GansuChina Xi'an Hantang Analysis and testing Co. Ltd.Xi'an 710201ShaanxiChina Jiuquan Iron and Steel(group)Co. Ltd.Jiayuguan 735100GansuChina

The optimization of hot compression technique of as-cast 0Cr23Ni13 stainless steel at high strain rate was discussed,and its corrosion resistance was evaluated after hot compression treatment *** adjusting the dynamic recrys-tallization(DRX)ratio of 0Cr23Nil3 stainless steel during hot pressing,the content of low Σ coincident site lattice(ΣCSL)grain boundaries is increased,and the grain orientation is *** results show that ferrite and austenite are completely recrystallized at 1050 and 1150℃,*** number of grains in theanddirections increases significantly,the corrosion potential increases,and the corrosion current density decreases,which will signifi-cantly improve the corrosion resistance of 0Cr23Nil3 stainless *** the optimization of grain boundary distribution,corrosion resistance is noticeably improved due to the existence of lowΣCSL *** interference effect of lowΣCSL grain boundary on random grain boundary network becomes intense with the increase in DRX ratio,which is the fundamental measure to improve the corrosion resistance.

关键词： OCr23Ni13 stainless steel Hot compression Dynamic recrystallization LowΣcoincident site lattice Corrosion resistance

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Insights on pretreatment of Indian hematite fines in grate-kiln pelletizing process： the choice of grinding processes

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2018年第5期25卷 506-514页

作者： De-qing Zhu Zheng-qi Guo Jian Pan Zhao-yuan Wang School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering CentralSouth University Changsha 410083 Hunan China engineering Design and research Institute Northern HeavyIndustries Group Shenyang 110141 Liaoning China

Indian hematite fines are normally characterized by high iron grade and minor impurities, which are usually used for sinter fines. With macroscale operations technology of blast furnace in Indian, pellets, as a kind of high-quality materials, attract more and more attention. However, the hematite fines possess the coarse size. Hence, they inevitably need to be further finely ground for pelletizing before balling. The grinding behavior of Indian hematite fines was revealed by conducting the ball milling tests and determining the Bond ball mill work index （Wi）. The results show that Indian hematite fines have an excellent grindability with Wi of only 7.40-7.73 kWh/t, indicating that ball milling is an economically viable way to pretreat Indian hematite fines. Nonetheless, due to poor sedimentation and filtering properties of wet ground products, the dry ball milling is more appropriate to process Indian hematite fines. In addition, the superior quality green balls can be manufactured with dry ground products under the conditions of 0.5% bentonite dosage, 7.5% moisture and balling for 12 min, which further confirmed that the recommended pellet feed preparation technique is reasonable.

关键词： Indian hematite fine · Dry ball milling · Wet ball milling · Bond work index · Sedimentation characteristic ·Filtration characteristic

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