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Shifting chemical defence or novel weapons? A review of defence traits in Agarophyton vermiculophyllum and other invasive seaweeds

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2022年第1期4卷 138-149页

作者： Gaoge Wang Yifei Ren Shasha Wang Minglei Hou Florian Weinberger Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao266003China Marine ecology division GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung KielDüsternbrooker Weg 2024105KielGermany

Seaweed bioinvasions increasingly affect coastal environments around the world, which increases the need for predictive models and mitigation strategies. The biotic interactions between seaweed invaders and invaded communities are often considered a key determinant of invasion success and failure and we here revise the current evidence that the capacity of seaweed invaders to deter enemies in newly reached environments correlates with their invasion success. Particularly efficient chemical defences have been described for several of the more problematic seaweed invaders during the last decades. However, confirmed cases in which seaweed invaders confronted un-adapted enemies in newly gained environments with deterrents that were absent from these environments prior to the invasion (so-called “novel weapons”) are scarce, although an increasing number of invasive and non-invasive seaweeds are screened for defence compounds. More evidence exists that seaweeds may adapt defence intensities to changing pressure by biological enemies in newly invaded habitats. However, most of this evidence of shifting defence was gathered with only one particular model seaweed, the Asia-endemic red alga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum, which is particularly accessible for direct comparisons of native and non-native populations in common garden experiments. A. vermiculophyllum interacts with consumers, epibionts and bacterial pathogens and in most of these interactions, non-native populations have rather gained than lost defensive capacity relative to native conspecifics. The increases in the few examined cases were due to an increased production of broad-spectrum deterrents and the relative scarcity of specialized deterrents perhaps reflects the circumstance that seaweed consumers and epibionts are overwhelmingly generalists.

关键词： Agarophyton vermiculophyllum Bioinvasion Chemical defence Novel weapons hypothesis Shifting defence hypothesis

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中南半岛热带森林光合碳同化的季节动态

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Journal of Plant ecology 2023年第3期16卷 131-153页

作者： Lian-Yan Yang Rui Yu Jin Wu Yongjiang Zhang Yoshiko Kosugi Natalia Restrepo-Coupe Afredo Huete Jie Zhang Yu-Hai Liu Xiang Zhang Wen-Jie Liu Jun-Fu Zhao Jiye Zeng Qing-Hai Song Ya-Jun Chen Liang Song Zheng-Hong Tan ecology Program Department of EcologySchool of Ecology and Environmental ScienceHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China School of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina School of Biology and ecology The University of MaineOronoME 04469USA Forest hydrology Lab Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan School of Life Sciences University of Technology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia National Institute for Environmental Studies TsukubaJapan Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglunYunan 666303China School of ecology and Environmental Studies Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

热带森林因其生物量巨大、结构复杂和生物多样而著称。然而,关于这些森林光合作用的季节动态及其少水期间的生态适应仍知之甚少。本文利用中南半岛上跨20个纬度(2°-22°N)的自然梯度带,探讨了季节性水分条件变化对中南半岛热带森林光... 详细信息

热带森林因其生物量巨大、结构复杂和生物多样而著称。然而,关于这些森林光合作用的季节动态及其少水期间的生态适应仍知之甚少。本文利用中南半岛上跨20个纬度(2°-22°N)的自然梯度带,探讨了季节性水分条件变化对中南半岛热带森林光合作用季节动态的影响及其机理。研究结果表明,对于气候季节性明显的热带森林,不论其为常绿、落叶还是半落叶,其雨季的森林冠层光合作用(或称总初级生产总值,GPP)明显高于旱季。缺乏气候季节性的常湿热带雨林,GPP呈现“双峰”季节格局;而且,这种季节格局与太阳辐射之间有较好的对应关系。旱季或者是短干旱期内,冠层导度(Gs)有明显下降,显示出水分对气孔开度的抑制作用。然而,这种气孔开度的降低,并未导致近赤道的常湿低地雨林GPP的下降。也就是说,常湿低地雨林GPP在季节尺度上,表现为光限制而非水分限制。气候季节性明显的3个站点,不论Gs还是GPP在旱季明显低于雨季,则表现出明显的水分限制。

关键词：涡度相关法叶面积指数适应对策生态系统生理总初级生产力潜热通量水分利用效率

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Integrating water use systems and soil and water conservation measures into a hydrological model of an Iranian Wadi system

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 545-560页

作者： Nariman MAHMOODI Jens KIESEL Paul D WAGNER Nicola FOHRER Department of hydrology and Water Resources Management Institute for Natural Resource ConservationKiel UniversityKiel 24118Germany Department of Ecosystem Research Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries(IGB)Berlin 12489Germany

Water resources are precious in arid and semi-arid areas such as the Wadis of Iran. To sustainably manage these limited water resources, the residents of the Iranian Wadis have been traditionally using several water use systems(WUSs) which affect natural hydrological processes. In this study, WUSs and soil and water conservation measures(SWCMs) were integrated in a hydrological model of the Halilrood Basin in Iran. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model was used to simulate the hydrological processes between 1993 and 2009 at daily time scale. To assess the importance of WUSs and SWCMs, we compared a model setup without WUSs and SWCMs(Default model) with a model setup with WUSs and SWCMs(WUS-SWCM model). When compared to the observed daily stream flow, the number of acceptable calibration runs as defined by the performance thresholds(Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)≥0.68, –25%≤percent bias(PBIAS)≤25% and ratio of standard deviation(RSR)≤0.56) is 177 for the Default model and 1945 for the WUS-SWCM model. Also, the average Kling–Gupta efficiency(KGE) of acceptable calibration runs for the WUS-SWCM model is higher in both calibration and validation periods. When WUSs and SWCMs are implemented, surface runoff(between 30% and 99%) and water yield(between 0 and 18%) decreased in all sub-basins. Moreover, SWCMs lead to a higher contribution of groundwater flow to the channel and compensate for the extracted water by WUSs from the shallow aquifer. In summary, implementing WUSs and SWCMs in the SWAT model enhances model plausibility significantly.

关键词： SWAT model stream flow Wadis multi-metric framework water use systems soil and water conservation measures Halilrood Basin

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Role of hydro-geochemical functions on karst critical zone hydrology for sustainability of water resources and ecology in Southwest China

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第3期36卷 494-497页

作者： Xi Chen Yimeng Sun Richao Huang State Key Laboratory of hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing China

Focusing on sustainability of water resources and ecology in the complex karst critical zone, we illustrated functions of the hydro-geochemical analysis on hydrology from the aspects of connection and interaction among hydrology–vegetation–soils/rock fractures along the karst subsurface profile. We reviewed isotopic and geochemical interpretations on tracing water sources for plant uptake, quantifying watershed outlet flow composition and residence times, and evaluating long-term evolution among climate–landscape–hydrology in the karst critical zone. In this paper, the application of the hydro-geochemical analysis on the above aspects in the karst areas of southwest China was summarized.

关键词：生态可持续性水文水资源喀斯特地区地球化学作用中国西南地区临界区地球化学分析中国西南部

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Snowline and Snow Cover Monitoring at High Spatial Resolution in a Mountainous River Basin Based on a Timelapse Camera at a Daily Scale

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第1期12卷 60-69页

作者： LIU Jun-feng CHEN Ren-sheng WANG Gang Qilian Alpine ecology and hydrology Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Heihe Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Integrated River Basin Management Chinese Academy of Sciences

Snowline change and snow cover distribution patterns are still poorly understood in steep alpine basins of the Qilian Mountainous region because fast changes in snow cover cannot be observed by current sensing methods due to their short time scale. To address this issue of daily snowline and snow cover observations, a groundbased EOS 7D camera and four infrared digital hunting video cameras(LTL5210A) were installed around the Hulugou river basin(HRB) in the Qilian Mountains along northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau(38°15'54 "N, 99°52'53" E) in September *** taken with the EOS 7D camera were georeferenced and the data from four LIL5210 A cameras and snow depth sensors were used to assist snow cover estimation. The results showed that the time-lapse photography can be very useful and precise for monitoring snowline and snow cover in mountainous regions. The snowline and snow cover evolution at this basin can be precisely captured at daily scale. In HRB snow cover is mainly established after October, and the maximum snow cover appeared during February and March. The consistent rise of the snowline and decrease in snow cover appeared after middle part of March. This melt process is strongly associated with air temperature increase.

关键词：积雪监测山区流域时间尺度高空间分辨率雪线相机青藏高原东北缘量表

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Regime dynamics of hydrochemical and toxicological parameters of the Irtysh River in Kazakhstan

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第4期8卷 521-532页

作者： Diana M BURLIBAYEVA Malik Zh BURLIBAYEV Christian OPP BAO Anming Department of Water Resources and Land Reclamation Kazakh National Agrarian UniversityAlmaty 050010Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Agency of Applied ecology Almaty 050012Kazakhstan Department hydrology&Soil Science Faculty of GeographyPhilipps UniversityMarburg 35032Germany Xinjiang Institute of ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

Since the Irtysh River flows through the important economic, ecological and social territories of China, Kazakhstan and Russia, the water quality issues growingly draw the attention of the water authorities from these countries. Therefore, a detailed study of the hydrochemical regime and toxicological indicators in Kazakhstan was carried out for understanding the regime dynamics of water quality and its affect factors. The combined assessment of maximum permissible concentration （MPC） of chemical components and biotesting method were proposed and performed for the study area. The results clearly showed that the concentrations of single chemical component at different locations are mostly under MPC standard in a basin scale. However, the watershed surface runoff and tributary stream flow from mining industry areas had high concentration of heavy metals and had significant impact on the water quality near Ust-Kamenogorsk. Furthermore, even the stream water generally meet MPC standard, the results of biotesting method show the toxicity level of water sample is lethal for the test objects of phytoplankton and Daphnia. The survival rates of most water samples are lower than 46.7%. Hereby, this study strongly suggests using combined water assessment methods to evaluate the water quality.

关键词： hydrochemistry biotesting method Irtysh River Kazakhstan

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燃烧源氨排放对灰霾期间北京大气铵的重要贡献

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Science Bulletin 2024年第7期69卷 978-987页

作者：吴礼彬王芃张强任红 Zongbo Shi 胡伟陈静谢巧蓉李林杰越思瑶韦莲芳宋琳琳张永根王子涵陈爽韦琬王小曼章炎麟孔少飞葛宝珠杨婷方运霆任露洁邓君俊孙业乐王自发张宏亮胡建林刘丛强 Roy M.Harrison Qi Ying 傅平青 Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institute Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China division of Environmental Health&Risk Management School of GeographyEarth&Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Forest ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110164China Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment ChangeNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Environmental Studies and Department of Environmental Science and TechnologySchool of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Zachr

Aerosol ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia(NH_(3))with acids in the atmosphere,has significant impacts on air pollution,radiative forcing,and human *** the source and formation mechanism of NH_(4)^(+)can provide scientific insights into air quality ***,the sources of NH_(3)in urban areas are not well understood,and few studies focus on NH_(3)/NH_(4)^(+)at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer,which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH_(4)^(+).In this study,we perform both field observation and modeling studies(the Community Multiscale Air Quality,CMAQ)to investigate regional NH_(3)emission sources and vertically resolved NH_(4)^(+)formation mechanisms during the winter in *** stable nitrogen isotope analyses and CMAQ model suggest that combustion-related NH_(3)emissions,including fossil fuel sources,NH_(3)slip,and biomass burning,are important sources of aerosol NH_(4)^(+)with more than 60%contribution occurring on heavily polluted *** contrast,volatilization-related NH_(3)sources(livestock breeding,N-fertilizer application,and human waste)are dominant on clean ***-related NH_(3)is mostly local from Beijing,and biomass burning is likely an important NH_(3)source(~15%–20%)that was previously *** effective control strategies such as the two-product(e.g.,reducing both SO_(2)and NH_(3))control policy should be considered to improve air quality.

关键词： Particulate ammonium Nitrogen isotope PM2.5 The Community Multiscale Air Quality(CMAQ) Control policy

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Effects of Gully Erosion and Gully Filling on Soil Degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第5期10卷 913-922页

作者： TANG Wen-jian LIU Hong-hu LIU Bao-yuan College of hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute Changjiang Water Resources Commission State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource ecology School of GeographyBeijing Normal University

Gully erosion has caused soil degradation and even reduced soil ***,only few studies on the effects of gully erosion and artificial controlling measures on soil degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China are ***,this study explores the relationships between gully erosion,gully filling and soil *** sets of soil samples were collected in the field at:(1) 72 sample points in the gully erosion study area,60 sample points in the ephemeral and classical gully erosion area(3,518 m2),12 sample points in the deposition zone(443 m2),(2)10 reference points along a slope unaffected by gully erosion representing the original situation before the gully was *** soil samples were analyzed for gravel content(GC),soil organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium(AK).The soil property values on unaffected slope were fitted by the polynomial curves as the reference values in no gully erosion *** interpolated soil property values in gully eroded study area were compared with these polynomial curves,respectively,and then,changes of soil property values were *** erosion caused an increase in GC and a decrease in SOM,TN,AN,AP and *** change of GC,SOM,TN,AN,AP,AK was 8.8%,-9.04 g kg-1,-0.92 g kg-1,-62.28 mg kg-1,-29.61 mg kg-1,-79.68 mg *** soil property values in the study area were below optimal ***,we concluded that gully erosion and gully filling caused both on-site and off-site soil *** degradation area was 0.65 % of the cultivated *** addition,it was proved that gully filling were an improper soil and water conservation measure,which seems to exacerbate the ***,it is suggested that soil where soil is deep is moved to fill the gully,and then the area around the filled gullies should be covered by grass for preventing the formation and development of the gully.

关键词：沟壑侵蚀土壤退化东北黑土区中国灌浆期水土流失面积土壤有机质多项式曲线

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Niche overlap in allotopic and syntopic populations of sexually interacting ground-hopper species

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 391-402页

作者： Axel Hochkirch Julia Groning Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier University of Osnabruck Department of Biologyl Chemistry Division of Ecology Osnabrock Germany

There is accumulating evidence that sexual interactions among species （reproductive interference） could have dramatic effects for species＇ coexistence. It has been shown that the fitness of individuals can be substantially reduced as a consequence of reproductive interference. This might subsequently lead to displacement of a species （sexual exclusion）. On the other hand, some evolutionary and ecological mechanisms might enable species to coexist, such as the divergence of mate recognition systems （reproductive character displacement）, habitat partitioning, clumped dispersion patterns or different colonization capabilities. We have previously shown that the two ground-hopper species Tetrix subulata and Tetrix ceperoi interact sexually in the laboratory as well as in the field. At sites where both species co-occur niche overlap was high, suggesting that coexistence is maintained by different niche breadths rather than by habitat partitioning. To test the hypothesis that habitat partitioning does not contribute to species＇ coexistence, we examined whether allotopic and syntopic populations of these two species differ in niche overlap （competitive release）, Our results show that niche overlap is higher in syntopic than in allotopic populations, suggesting that the site-specific habitat structure （heterogeneity） has a stronger influence on microhabitat utilization than the presence of heterospecifics. Hence, our data do not support the hypothesis that habitat partitioning plays a substantial role for the coexistence of these sexually interacting species.

关键词： coexistence competition niche breadth niche partitioning reproductive interference

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The dynamics of river confluences and their effects on the ecology of aquatic environment:A review

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第1期34卷 1-14页

作者： Sai-yu Yuan Lei Xu Hong-wu Tang Yang Xiao Carlo Gualtieri State Key Laboratory of hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210024China Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development Nanjing210024China Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture University of Napoli Federico IINapoliItaly

Confluences act as critical nodes in a river *** affect hydrodynamics,sediment transport,bed morphology,and eco-hydraulics of the river *** of streams produces the complex mechanism of flow momentum and mass mixing which may affect the aquatic environment locally and even lasting for a long distance *** confluence creates a hotspot for the river system’s ecological change,which usually leads to changes in water temperature,suspended-sediment load,bed material,nutrient concentrations,water chemistry,and organic-matter ***,the dynamics of river confluences are very complex and have critical effects on river system’s water environment and *** this reason,a review summarizing turbulent flow,sediment transport,morphological-dynamics,mixing processes,and their effects on the ecology of the aquatic environment at river confluences is in order.A future research agenda and opportunities pertinent to river confluence are vitally emphasized as a multidisciplinary research topic.

关键词： River confluence hydrodynamics sediment transport morpho dynamics water environment water ecology

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