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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第8期5卷 730-742页

作者： Abdelraouf Ramadan Eid Essam Mohamed Hoballah Sahar E. A. Mosa Agricultural Microbiology department National Research Centre Cairo Egypt Bio-Engineering department Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI) Agricultural Research Center (ARC) Ministry of Agriculture Giza Egypt water relations & field irrigation department National Research Centre Cairo Egypt

Two field experiments were carried out during growing seasons 2011 and 2012. It was executed in research farm of National Research Center in Nubaryia region, Egypt to study the effect of irrigation systems, fertigation rates by using the wastewater of fish farms “WWFF” in irrigation of potato. Study factors were irrigation systems (sprinkler irrigation system “SIS” and trickle irrigation system “TIS”), water quality (traditional irrigation water “TIW” and WWFF) and fertigation rates “FR” (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% NPK). The following parameters were studied to evaluate the effect of study factors: 1) Calculating the total amount of WWFF per season;2) Chemical and biological description of WWFF;3) Clogging ratio of emitters;4) Yield of potato;5) irrigation water use efficiency of potato “IWUEpotato”. Statistical analysis indicated that, maximum values were obtained of yield under SIS × FR100% NPK × WWFF, also, there were no significant differences for yield values under the following conditions: SIS × FR100% NPK × WWFF > SIS × FR80% NPK × WWFF > SIS × FR60% NPK × WWFF > TIS × FR100% NPK × TIW. This means that, using WWFF in the irrigation can save at least 40% from mineral fertilizers and 100% from irrigation water under sprinkler irrigation system.

关键词： Wastewater of Fish Farms Potato Arid Regions Fertigation Rates irrigation Systems

Subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters improves wolfberry yield and economic benefits on the Tibetan Plateau, China

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干旱区科学:英文版 2023年第11期15卷 1376-1390页

作者： HAN Mengxue ZHANG Lin LIU Xiaoqiang College of water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China department of Foreign Languages Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Climate warming has led to the expansion of arable land at high altitudes,but it has also increased the demand for water use efficiency(WUE).To address this issue,the development of water-saving irrigation technology has become crucial in improving water productivity and economic *** study aimed to assess the impacts of three irrigation methods on water productivity and economic returns in wolfberry(Lycium barbarum L.)cultivation on the Tibetan Plateau,China during a two-year field *** showed that subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters(SICE)outperformed surface drip irrigation(DI)and subsurface drip irrigation(SDI)in terms of wolfberry *** the two-year period,the average yield with SICE increased by 8.0%and 2.3%compared with DI and SDI,*** improvement can be attributed to the stable soil moisture and higher temperature accumulation achieved with ***,SICE exhibited higher WUE,with 14.6%and 4.5%increases compared with DI and SDI,*** addition to the agronomic benefits,SICE also proved advantageous in terms of economic *** average annual input costs of SICE were lower than the other two methods starting from the 8th ***,the benefit-cost ratio of SICE surpassed the other methods in the 4th year and continued to widen the gap with subsequent *** findings highlight SICE as an economically viable water-saving irrigation strategy for wolfberry cultivation on the Tibetan ***,this research not only provides an effective water-saving irrigation strategy for wolfberry cultivation but also offers insights into addressing irrigation-related energy challenges in other crop production systems.

关键词： irrigation system soil water content soil temperature water use efficiency economic benefit

Pepper plants growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, and total phenols as affected by foliar application of potassium under different salinity irrigation water

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 241-248页

作者： M. M. Hussein S. Y. El-Faham A. K. Alva Food Technology department National Research Centre Cairo Egypt United States department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) USA water relations and irrigation department National Research Centre Cairo Egypt

irrigation with high salinity water influences plant growth, production of photosynthetic pigments and total phenols, leading to reduction in crop yield and quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of potassium (K) foliar application in mitigating the negative effects of salt stress on pepper plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar application of potassium (K) on pepper plants grown with different salinity water irrigation (3000 and 6000 ppm as compared to tap water with salinity level of 300 ppm). irrigation using high salinity water decreased plant height, biomass production, and fruit yield as compared to those of the plants irrigated by tap water. Photosynthetic pigments and total phenols increased in the former as compared to those of the latter plants. The most serious affect was for the plants under highest salinity irrigation (6000 ppm) as compared to that of the plants under moderate salinity irrigation (3000 ppm). Foliar application of potassium mono phosphate (KMP) at 200ppm concentration increased the plant growth, biomass production, and fruit yield. Chlorophyll_a content and total phenols increased significantly with foliar application of 100 ppm KMP. Further increase in foliar KMP concentration to 200 ppm had no significant benefits on photosynthetic pigments and total phenols content. This study demonstrated that foliar application of KMP, to some extent, mitigated the negative effects of high salinity water irrigation on pepper plant growth and fruit yield.

关键词： Diluted Sea water Potassium Mono Phosphate Chlorophyll_a Chlorophyll_b Carotenoids Potassium Nutrition

A Comprehensive Classification and Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms Over Solar Cycle 24

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 77-86页

作者： Raja Adibah Raja Halim Shah Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid Mardina Abdullah Adlyka Annuar Idahwati Sarudin Zahira Mohd Radzi Akimasa Yoshikawa department of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Space Science Centre (ANGKASA) Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia department of Electrical Electronic and Systems EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia Malaysian Space Agency (MYSA) International Research Center for Space and Planetary Environmental Science (i-SPES) Kyushu University

A geomagnetic storm is a global disturbance of Earth?s magnetosphere,occurring as a result of the interaction with magnetic plasma ejected from the *** considerable research,a comprehensive classification of storms for a complete solar cycle has not yet been fully developed,as most previous studies have been limited to specific storm *** study,therefore,attempted to present complete statistics for solar cycle 24,detailing the occurrence of geomagnetic storm events and classifying them by type of intensity (moderate,intense,and severe),type of complete interval (normal or complex),duration of the recovery phase (rapid or long),and the number of steps in the storm?s *** analysis was applied to data from ground-based magnetometers,which measured the Dst index as provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism,Kyoto,*** study identified 211 storm events,comprising moderate (177 events),intense (33 events),and severe (1 event) *** 36%of ICMEs and 23%of CIRs are found to be geoeffective,which caused geomagnetic *** to four-step development of geomagnetic storms was exhibited during the main phase for this solar *** showed the geomagnetic storms developed one or more steps in the main phase,which were probably related to the driver that triggered the geomagnetic storms.A case study was additionally conducted to observe the variations of the ionospheric disturbance dynamo (Ddyn) phenomenon that resulted from the geomagnetic storm event of 2015July *** attenuation of the Ddyn in the equatorial region was analyzed using the H component of geomagnetic field data from stations in the Asian sector (Malaysia and India).The variations in the Ddyn signatures were observed at both stations,with the TIR station (India) showing higher intensity than the LKW station (Malaysia).

关键词： (Sun:) solar-terrestrial relations (Sun:) sunspots Sun: activity Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

Effect of water Application Rate on Growth Parameters of Farro 44 Rice Grown in a Selected irrigation Scheme in Niger State, Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 533-547页

作者： Ebierni Akpoebidimiyen Otuaro John Jiya Musa Abayomi Ibrahim Kuti Peter Obasa Sunday Enebojojo Daniel department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Maritime University Okerenkoko Nigeria department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering Federal University of Technology Minna Nigeria department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology Kogi State Polytechnic Lokoja Nigeria

water and land are the necessary agricultural inputs, and both are scarce these days. This study aims to determine the effect of water application rate on selected planting and crop parameters of Farro 44 rice during dry season farming and its growth response. The randomised complete block design was employed for the Farro 44 rice variety, with each plot size 4 m2 (2 m × 2 m) for ease of monitoring. A 0.3 m bound space separated each plot. The crop spacing was 0.2 m × 0.3 m, 0.3 m × 0.3 m, and 0.3 m × 0.4 m, respectively, for the row-to-row and plant-to-plant distance. The data collected were statistically analysed. The height of the faro 44 variety of rice ranged between 35.50 cm to 44.00 cm for plots with 2 tillers per hill, while that of 4 and 6 tillers per hill ranged between 35.50 cm to 41.40 cm and 35.50 cm to 39.30 cm, respectively. Minimum damage of 2.32% was seen for plant hills of 2 tillers, while 9.21% and 11.89% were observed for tillers of 4 and 6, respectively. It was seen that plots with the highest spacing of 30 × 40 cm and tillers of 2 per hill were observed to perform better than those of the other plots within the experimental pots. Such plots had a maximum plant tiller of 37 when counted, with the height of the plants reaching 44 cm after 70 days of planting. In conclusion, farmers within the study area of the Kanko community in Niger State. Nigeria appears not to have any known knowledge of the soil they are cultivating and the water they use as a source of irrigation within the farming areas. It was further concluded that the rice crops would be produced maximally with minimal water application to the rice field.

关键词： Farro 44 water Rice irrigation Days

A Numerical Calculation Algorithm of the Inclination Function Based on the Representation of SO(3) Group

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第1期40卷 137-148页

作者： Yu-xiao Wei Wen-lin Tang department of Geophysics School of Geology Engineering and GeomaticsChang’An UniversityXi’an710064China Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space Systems National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

In the determination of the Earth gravity field in satellite geodesy, the inclination functions represent the projection of data observed along the orbital plane of a satellite orbit into the sphere in the terrestial reference frame. The inclination functions in this work is studied from a group theoretical perspective. The inclination functions are proved to generate a representation of the SO(3) group. An orthogonal relation of the inclination functions is derived and some recurrence relations for the inclination functions are given, based on which an algorithm to calculate the inclination functions is proposed.

关键词： SO(3)group inclination function satellite geodesy representation of SO(3)

Estimating Crop Coefficient in Intermittent irrigation Paddy fields Using Excel Solver

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Rice science 2012年第2期19卷 143-152页

作者： Chusnul ARIF Budi Indra SETIAWAN Hanhan Ahmad SOFIYUDDIN Lolly Martina MARTIEF Masaru MIZOGUCHI Ryoichi DOI department Civil and Environmental Engineering Bogor Agricultural UniversityKampus IPB Darmaga 16680Indonesia department of Global Agricultural Sciences The University of Tokyo1-1-1 YayoiBunkyo-KuTokyo 113-8657Japan Experimental Station for irrigation Research Center for Water ResourcesMinistry of Public WorkBekasi West-JavaIndones ia Experimental Station for irrigation Research Center for Water ResourcesMinistry of Public WorkBekasi West-JavaIndonesia

The current study proposes a novel method using Excel Solver to estimate, from limited data, crop coefficient （Kc） in paddy fields under intermittent irrigation （11）. The proposed method was examined in a field experiment conducted at Karang Sari Village, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia during the first rice season of 2007/2008 （December 2007 to April 2008） in the rainy season. As the control, continuous flooding irrigation （CF） was applied to the conventional rice cultivation fields. Based on the observed water storage, Excel Solver was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration. Estimated crop evapotranspiration was used to compute Kc value, then the average Kc values at each growth stage were compared with that for the CF treatment. The estimation method was evaluated by comparing estimated crop evapotranspiration and the crop evapotranspiration derived by the well established FAO procedure. Excel Solver estimated crop evapotranspiration accurately with R2 values higher than 0.81. Accordingly, more than 81% of the FAO crop evapotranspiration was described by the proposed method. Thus, Kc value could be well determined from those estimated crop evapotranspiration. Under the II treatment, the average Kc values were 0.70, 1.06, 1.24 and 1：22 for the initial, crop development, reproductive and late stages, respectively. These values were lower than those under the CF treatment for initial and crop development stages because of a minimal soil evaporation and intense dryness during these stages. However, average Kc values under the II treatment were higher than those under the CF treatment at the reproductive and late stages, indicating that the II treatment promoted more plant activity particularly for dry biomass production as indicated by a greater number of tillers per hill.

关键词： crop coefficient evapotranspiration intermittent irrigation Excel Solver water balance

Uncertainty relations for triples of observables and the experimental demonstrations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第5期66卷 97-105页

作者： Huang-Qiu-Chen Wang Bo Liu Yong-Nan Sun Qi-Ping Su Zhe Sun Xiaoguang Wang School of Physics Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310036China School of Information and Electrical Engineering Hangzhou City UniversityHangzhou 310015China Key Laboratory of Optical field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province Department of PhysicsZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Uncertainty relations are of profound significance in quantum mechanics and quantum information *** well-known Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation presents the constraints on the spread of measurement outcomes caused by the non-commutability of a pair of *** this article,we study the uncertainty relation of triple observables to explore the relationship between the standard deviations and the commutators of the *** derive and tighten the multiplicative form and weighted summation form uncertainty relations,which are found to be dependent not only on the commutation relations of each pair of the observables but also on a newly defined commutator in terms of all the three *** experimentally test the uncertainty relations in a linear optical *** experimental and numerical results agree well and show that the uncer-tainty relations derived by us successfully present tight lower bounds in the cases of high-dimensional observables and the cases of mixed *** method of deriving the uncertainty relation can be extended to more than three observables.

关键词： Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation three observables commutation relation linear optical setup

Developing a two-decadal time-record of rice field maps using Landsat-derived multi-index image collections with a random forest classifier:A Google Earth Engine based approach

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 260-275页

作者： W.Ashane M.Fernando I.P.Senanayake department of Nano Science Technology Wayamba University of Sri LankaKuliyapitiya 60200Sri Lanka Dchoolf Engineing CllegeoEngineeringSience and EnionmentThe UniversyewcastleCallaghanW2Austraia

Historic maps showing the temporal distribution of rice fields are important for precision agriculture,irrigation optimisation,forecasting crop yields,land use management and formulating ***,mapping rice felds using traditional ground surveys is impractical when high cost,time and labour requirements are considered,and the availability of such detailed records is *** satellite remote sensing appears to be a viable solution,conventional segmentation and classification methods with spectral bands are often unable to contrast the distinct characteristics between rice fields and other vegetation *** this end,we explored a novel,Google Earth Engine(GEE)based multiindex random forest(RF)classification approach to map rice fields over two *** images from 2000 to 2020 of two Sri Lankan rice cultivation districts were extracted from GEE and a multi-index RF classification algorithm was applied to distinguish the rice *** results showed above 80%accuracy for both training and validation,when compared against high spatial resolution Google Earth *** essence,multi-index sampling and RF together synergised the compelling classifcation accuracy by effectively capturing vegetation,water(ponding)and soil characteristics unique to the rice felds using a single-click *** maps developed in this study were further compared against the MODIS land cover type product(MCD12Q1)and the corresponding superior statistics on rice fields demonstrated the robustness of the proposed *** work seeking effective index combinations is recommended,and this approach can potentially be extended to other crop analyses elsewhere.

关键词： Google Earth Engine(GEE) Image classification Random forest Mapping rice fields Time series analysis Vegetation index

Diffusion Equations of the Electric Charges and Magnetic Flux

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2024年第5期16卷 69-83页

作者： Salama Abdelhady Mohamed S. Abdelhady department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Energy Engineering Aswan University Aswan Egypt department of Mechatronics Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science German University in Cairo (GUC) New Cairo Egypt

Innovative definitions of the electric and magnetic diffusivities through conducting mediums and innovative diffusion equations of the electric charges and magnetic flux are verified in this article. Such innovations depend on the analogy of the governing laws of diffusion of the thermal, electrical, and magnetic energies and newly defined natures of the electric charges and magnetic flux as energy, or as electromagnetic waves, that have electric and magnetic potentials. The introduced diffusion equations of the electric charges and magnetic flux involve Laplacian operator and the introduced diffusivities. Both equations are applied to determine the electric and magnetic fields in conductors as the heat diffusion equation which is applied to determine the thermal field in steady and unsteady heat diffusion conditions. The use of electric networks for experimental modeling of thermal networks represents sufficient proof of similarity of the diffusion equations of both fields. By analysis of the diffusion phenomena of the three considered modes of energy transfer;the rates of flow of these energies are found to be directly proportional to the gradient of their volumetric concentration, or density, and the proportionality constants in such relations are the diffusivity of each energy. Such analysis leads also to find proportionality relations between the potentials of such energies and their volumetric concentrations. Validity of the introduced diffusion equations is verified by correspondence their solutions to the measurement results of the electric and magnetic fields in microwave ovens.

关键词： Diffusion Coefficient Diffusion Equation Electric Charge Magnetic Flux Electromagnetic Waves Electric field Magnetic field