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Application of subfossil cladocerans(water fleas) in assessing ecological resilience of shallow Yangtze River floodplain lake systems(China)

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第9期61卷 1157-1168页

作者： Giri KATTEL Ke ZHANG Xiangdong YANG State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Environmental Hydrology and water Resources group Department of Infrastructure EngineeringThe University of Melbourne

Majority of shallow floodplain lake ecosystems of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(China) have gone through serious eutrophication problems over the recent past. The severe environmental deterioration accompanied by cyanobacterial blooms have become major water resource management challenges in the region. An advanced research method is urgently needed to tackle these challenges. The concept of ecological resilience address pressing questions of non-linear dynamics, threshold effects and regime shifts in shallow floodplain lakes, and help manage the ecosystem effectively. Palaeolimnological techniques are important for assessing long term resilience and associated thresholds effects of shallow lake ecosystems. However, the lack of reliable proxy methods available, the assessment of long term ecological resilience of shallow Yangtze River lake systems has become increasingly difficult. Cladocerans(water fleas) play a central role in lacustrine food webs by responding to external drivers and internal ecosystem processes in lakes. Their subfossils are well preserved and becoming one of potential proxy indicators of lake ecosystems change for a longer time scale. This study explores the potential application of subfossil cladocerans and their ephippia in assessing a long term ecological resilience and help better management strategies of lake ecosystems and water resources of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.

关键词： Subfossil cladoceran Yangtze River lake system Food web Ecological resilience Regime shift Threshold

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Multiple pollutants from crop and livestock production in the Yangtze River: status and challenges

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 134-139,I0005页

作者： Lihua MA Shiyang LI Linfa FANG Xuanjing CHEN Ran XIAO Xiaoxuan SU Zhaolei LI Zhaohai BAI Lin MA Prakash LAKSHMANAN Xinping CHEN Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China water systems and global change group Wageningen University&Research6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Agricultural water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetic and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic ImprovementSugarcane Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning 530007China Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4067Australia

The rapid increase in the proportion of cash crops and livestock production in the Yangtze River Basin has led to commensurate increases in fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer, organophosphorus pesticides and inappropriate disposal of agricultural waste induced water pollution and potentially threaten Agriculture Green Development(AGD). To ensure food security and the food supply capacity of the Yangtze River Basin, it is important to balance green and development, while ensuring the quality of water bodies. Multiple pollutants affect the transfer, adsorption, photolysis and degradation of each other throughout the soil-plant-water system. This paper considers the impact of multi-pollutants on the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles especially for crops, which are related to achieving food security and AGD. It presents prospective on theory, modeling and multi-pollutant control in the Yangtze River Basin for AGD that are of potential value for other developing regions.

关键词： Agriculture Green Development crop production livestock production multi-pollutant models multiple pollutants Yangtze River Basin

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Realization of the Paris Agreement depends on adherence to the original spirit

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National Science Review 2021年第12期8卷 6-6页

作者： Zhongli Ding Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Climate change Research group

Since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, the road towards international cooperation in responding to global warming has been quite bumpy. Following the aborted Copenhagen Agreement, the Paris Agreement in 2015 strenuously reunited various countries based on the principle of individualized contributions. Yet, in the recent UN Framework Convention on Climate change 26 th summit meeting(COP26) held in Glasgow,

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Potential role of lava lizards as pollinators across the Galápagos Islands

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第2期15卷 144-148页

作者： Sandra HERVÍAS-PAREJO Manuel NOGALES Beatriz GUZMÁN María del Mar TRIGO Jens MOLESEN Pablo VARGAS Ruben HELENO Anna TRAVESET global change Research group Mediterranean Institute for Advanced StudiesMallorcaBalearic IslandsSpain Island Ecology and Evolution Research group Institute of Natural Products and AgrobiologyCanary IslandsSpain Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid MadridSpain Department of Plant Biology Málaga UniversityMálagaSpain Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Lizards have been reported as important pollinators on several oceanic *** we evaluate the potential role of Galápagos lava lizards(Microlophus spp.)as pollinators across their *** 3 years,we sampled pollen transport by 9 lava lizard species on the 10 islands where they are present,including 7 single-island ***,only 25 of 296 individuals sampled(8.4%)transported pollen of 10 plant species,the most common being Prosopis juliflora,Exodeconus miersii,Sesuvium *** Cordia *** least 8 of these plant species were native,and none were confirmed as introduced to the *** the low overall proportion of individuals carrying pollen,this was observed in 7 of the nine lizard species,and on 8 of the ten main islands(Española,Fernandina,Floreana,Isabela,Marchena,Pinta,Santa Cruz and Santiago),suggesting that this is a widespread *** results reported here support the potential role of lava lizards as pollinators across their radiation,although they may represent a relatively modest contribution when compared with birds and ***,we cannot discard that lizards may be ecologically significant for particular plant species and ecosystems given the specific climatic condition and functional diversity of each island.

关键词： flower visitation Microlophus spp. mutualistic interactions pollination vertebrate radiation

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Data-driven estimates of global nitrous oxide emissions from croplands

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National Science Review 2020年第2期7卷 441-452页

作者： Qihui Wang Feng Zhou Ziyin Shang Philippe Ciais Wilfried Winiwarter Robert B.Jackson Francesco N.Tubiello Greet Janssens-Maenhout Hanqin Tian Xiaoqing Cui Josep G.Canadell Shilong Piao Shu Tao Sino-France Institute of Earth systems Science Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University European Commission Joint Research Centre International Institute for Applied systems Analysis (IIASA) The Institute of Environmental Engineering University of Zielona Góra global Carbon Project CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Statistics Division Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Via Terme di Caracalla International Center for Climate and global change Research School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ

Croplands are the single largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide(NO) globally, yet their estimates remain difficult to verify when using Tier 1 and 3 methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change(IPCC). Here, we re-evaluate global cropland-NO emissions in 1961–2014, using N-rate-dependent emission factors(EFs) upscaled from 1206 field observations in 180 global distributed sites and high-resolution N inputs disaggregated from sub-national surveys covering 15593 administrative units. Our results confirm IPCC Tier 1 default EFs for upland crops in 1990–2014, but give a ～15% lower EF in 1961–1989 and a ～67% larger EF for paddy rice over the full period. Associated emissions(0.82 ±0.34 Tg N yr) are probably one-quarter lower than IPCC Tier 1 global inventories but close to Tier 3 estimates. The use of survey-based gridded N-input data contributes 58% of this emission reduction, the rest being explained by the use of observation-based non-linear EFs. We conclude that upscaling NO emissions from site-level observations to global croplands provides a new benchmark for constraining IPCC Tier 1 and 3 methods. The detailed spatial distribution of emission data is expected to inform advancement towards more realistic and effective mitigation pathways.

关键词： nitrous oxide agricultural soils flux upscaling emission factor emission inventories temporal trend

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Responses of Flowering Time to Elevated Carbon Dioxide among Soybean Photoperiod Isolines

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 773-779页

作者： James A. Bunce Wilbert Cruz Hilacondo USDA-ARS Crop systems and global change Laboratory Beltsville MD USA Instituto Nacionale de Innovacion Agraria La Molina Peru

changes in the phenology of flowering in soybeans caused by long-term growth at elevated CO2 may be important to the responses of seed yield to elevated CO2. Here we utilized near-isogenic lines of soybeans differing in three genes influencing photoperiod sensitivity to determine whether these genes affected the response of flowering time to elevated CO2. Six isolines of Harosoy 63 were grown at ambient (380 μmol?mol-1) and elevated (560 μmol?mol-1) CO2 concentrations in the field using free-air CO2 enrichment systems, in air-conditioned glasshouses with natural summer photoperiods, and in indoor chambers with day lengths of 11, 13, 15, and 17 hours. The effect of CO2 concentration on flowering time varied with genotype, and there was also an interaction between CO2 and photoperiod in all genotypes, as indicated by ANOVA. Elevated CO2 accelerated flowering in some cases, and delayed it in other cases. For all three of the isolines with single dominant genes, elevated CO2 decreased the days to first open flower at the longest photoperiod. At the shortest photoperiod, elevated CO2 delayed flowering in all but one isoline. The all-recessive isoline had slower flowering at elevated CO2 at both the shortest and the longest photoperiods, and also in the field and in the glasshouse. Delayed flowering at elevated CO2 in the field and glasshouse was associated with an increased final number of main stem nodes. It is concluded that the E1, E3, and E4 genes each influenced how the time to first flowering was affected by CO2 concentration at long photoperiods.

关键词： Carbon Dioxide Concentration Flowering Soybean Photoperiod Isolines

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20 TO 30-DAY AND 30 TO 60-DAY OSCILLATIONS IN ASSIMILATED global DATASETS USING TRMM RAINFALL OBSERVATIONS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2010年第3期16卷 210-220页

作者：陶丽杨松陆维松 Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education I.M.systems group at NOAA/NESDIS Camp Springs

The influences of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） precipitation products on the structure and underlying physics of intraseasonal oscillation （ISO） are investigated with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Earth Observing System model version 3 （GEOS-3） data assimilation system （DAS）. The strong ISO phase in the 1998 summer is apparently located in the Asian monsoon region and the east equatorial Pacific region. The eastward propagation is a dominant feature for the tropical ISO at 20 to 30-day oscillation while the northeastward propagation is the salient ISO at 30 to 60-day oscillation over the 10~N to 25~N belt region. It appears that the Kelvin wave structure is for the tropical 20 to 30-day oscillation. The tropical 30 to 60-day oscillation has the characteristics of the Kelvin-Rossby wave. The impact of satellite-derived precipitation （and its associated latent heating） on the ISO intensity is limited in the GEOS-3 assimilation system. However, its impact on the ISO spatial structures is obvious. Overall, the results demonstrate a better eastward propagation and a northward propagation of ISO with the TRMM precipitation simulation, indicating that latent heating is very important in exciting the equatorial ISO. Key words： 20 to 30-day oscillation; 30 to 60-day oscillation; GEOS data assimilation system; Kelvin wave; TRMM precipitation

关键词： infrared remote sensing retrieval atmospheric sounding profile MODIS AIRS

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The Influence of Meridional Variation in North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第12期40卷 2262-2278页

作者： Tao WANG Qiang FU Wenshou TIAN Hongwen LIU Yifeng PENG Fei XIE Hongying TIAN Jiali LUO College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental systems of the Ministry of Education College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of WashingtonSeattle 98101USA College of global change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

This study examines the dependence of Arctic stratospheric polar vortex(SPV)variations on the meridional positions of the sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies associated with the first leading mode of North Pacific *** principal component 1(PC1)of the first leading mode is obtained by empirical orthogonal function *** data,numerical experiments,and CMIP5 model outputs all suggest that the PC1 events(positive-minus-negative PC1 events),located relatively northward(i.e.,North PC1 events),more easily weaken the Arctic SPV compared to the PC1 events located relatively southward(i.e.,South PC1 events).The analysis indicates that the North PC1-related Aleutian low anomaly is located over the northern North Pacific and thus enhances the climatological trough,which strengthens the planetary-scale wave 1 at mid-to-high latitudes and thereby weakens the *** weakened stratospheric circulation further extends into the troposphere and favors negative surface temperature anomalies over *** contrast,the South PC1-related Aleutian low anomaly is located relatively southward,and its constructive interference with the climatological trough is less efficient at high ***,the South PC1 events could not induce an evident enhancement of the planetary-scale waves at high latitudes and thereby a weakening of the SPV on *** Eurasian cooling associated with South PC1 events(positive-minus-negative PC1 events)is also not *** results of this study suggest that the meridional positions of the PC1 events may be useful for predicting the Arctic SPV and Eurasian surface temperature variations.

关键词： Arctic stratospheric polar vortex stratosphere-troposphere interactions North Pacific sea surface temperature Aleutian low

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Algal biomass derived biochar anode for efficient extracellular electron uptake from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 109-117页

作者： Yan-ShanWang Dao-Bo Li Feng Zhang Zhong-Hua Tong Han-Qing Yu CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Department of Applied Chemistry University of Science & Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and global change University of Science & Technology of China. Hefei 230026 China"

The development of cost-effective and highly efficient anode materials Ibr extracellular electron uptake is important to improve the electricity generation ofbioelectrochemical systems. An effective approach to mitigate harmful algal bloom （HAB） is mechanical harvesting of algal biomass, thus subsequent processing for the collected algal biomass is desired. In this study, a low-cost biochar derived from algal biomass via pyrolysis was utilized as an anode material tbr efficient electron uptake. Electrochemical properties of the algal biochar and graphite plate electrodes were characterized in a bioelectrochemical system （BES）. Compared with graphite plate electrode, the algal biochar electrode could effectively utilize both indirect and direct electron transfer pathways tbr current production, and showed stronger electrochemical response and better adsorption of redox mediators. The maximum current density of algal biochar anode was about 4.1 times higher than graphite plate anode in BES. This work provides an application potential for collected HAB to develop a cost-effective anode material for eff-cient extracellular electron uptake in BES and to achieve waste resource utilization.

关键词： Algal biochar Anode material Electrochemical activity Extracellular electron transport Waste resource utilization

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Technologies to Support Community Flood Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2016年第2期7卷 198-204页

作者： Ian McCallum Wei Liu Linda See Reinhard Mechler Adriana Keating Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler Junko Mochizuki Steffen Fritz Sumit Dugar Miguel Arestegui Michael Szoenyi Juan-Carlos Laso Bayas Peter Burek Adam French Inian Moorthy International Institute for Applied systems Analysis (IIASA) Practical Action Consulting South Asia Practical Action Latin America Zurich Insurance group

Floods affect more people globally than any other type of natural hazard. Great potential exists for new technologies to support flood disaster risk reduction. In addition to existing expert-based data collection and analysis, direct input from communities and citizens across the globe may also be used to monitor, validate, and reduce flood risk. New technologies have already been proven to effectively aid in humanitarian response and recovery. However, while ex-ante technologies are increasingly utilized to collect information on exposure, efforts directed towards assessing and monitoring hazards and vulnerability remain limited. Hazard model validation and social vulnerability assessment deserve particular attention. New technologies offer great potential for engaging people and facilitating the coproduction of knowledge.

关键词： Crowdsourcing Disaster risk reduction Flood resilience Social media Volunteered geographic information (VGI)

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