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A case study of regional eco-hydrological characteristics in the Tao River Basin, northwestern China, based on evapotranspiration estimated by a coupled Budyko Equation-crop coefficient approach

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第11期58卷 2103-2112页

作者： LI ChangBin ZHANG XueLei QI JiaGuo WANG ShuaiBing YANG LinShan YANG WenJin ZHU GaoFeng HAO Qiang Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental systems (Ministry of Education) Lanzhou University Center for global change and Earth Observations Michigan State University Ocean College Zhejiang University

In a case study in Tao River Basin, China, we derived a high spatial-resolution regional distribution of evapotranspiration(ET) using the single crop coefficient method and Budyko equation. We then further analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of this diverse eco-hydrological basin from 2001–2010. The results suggest that the single crop coefficient method based on leaf area index captures better spatial and temporal dynamics of the regional ET than did the Budyko Equation method. The rising temperature was the main reason for the increasing ET in the Tao River Basin during 2001–2010. Areas with high ET efficiency were distributed mainly in the areas where the vegetation coverage was high, and a lower runoff coefficient responded. The estimated spatial patterns of ET allowed an improved understanding of the eco-hydrological processes within the Tao River Basin and the method used might be generalized as a reference for future regional-scale eco-hydrological research.

关键词： evapotranspiration Budyko Equation single crop coefficient eco-hydrology Tao River Basin

Improving the quantification of waterfowl migration with remote sensing and bird tracking

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Science Bulletin 2015年第23期60卷 1984-1993页

作者： Yali Si Qinchuan Xin Herbert H.T.Prins Willem F.de Boer Peng Gong Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University Joint Center for global change Studies Resource Ecology group Wageningen University

Accurately quantifying waterfowl migration patterns is pertinent to monitor ecosystem health and control bird-borne infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the environmental mechanisms that drive waterfowl migration and then investigate the effect of intra- and inter-annual change in food supply and temperature(e.g., climate change) on their migration patterns. Recent advances in remote sensing and animal tracking techniques make it possible to monitor these environmental factors over a wide range of scales and record bird movements in detail. The synergy of these techniques will facilitate substantial progress in our understanding of the environmental drivers of bird migration. We identify prospects for future studies to test existing hypotheses and develop models integrating up-todate knowledge, high-resolution remote sensing data and high-accuracy bird tracking data. This will allow us to predict when waterfowl will be where, in response to shortand long-term global environmental change.

关键词： waterfowl migration · Environmentaldrivers · Phenology · Stopover ·Remote sensing ·Bird tracking

Pollen analysis reveals the effects of uncovered interactions,pollen-carrying structures,and pollinator sex on the structure of wild bee-plant networks

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 971-988页

作者： Clément Tourbez Carmelo Gómez-Martínez MiguelÁngel Gonzalez-Estévez Amparo Lazaro Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies(UIB-CSIC) Global Change Research GroupEsporlesBalearic IslandsSpain Department of Biology Ecology AreaUniversity of the Balearic/slandsPalmaSpain

Pollination networks are increasingly used to model the complexity of interactions between pollinators and flowering plants in *** methods exist to sample these interactions,with direct observations of plant-pollinator contacts in the field being by far the most *** the identification of pollen carried by pollinators allows uncovering interactions and increasing sample sizes,the methods used to build pollen-transport networks are variable and their effect on network structure remains *** understand how interaction sampling influences the structure of networks,we analyzed the pollen found on wild bees from eight communities across Mallorca Island and investigated the differences in pollen loads between bee body parts(scopa ***)and *** then assessed how these differences,as well as the uncovered interactions not detected in the field,influenced the structure of wild bee-plant *** identified a higher quantity and diversity of pollen in the scopa than in the rest of the female body,but these differences did not lead to differences in structure between plant-pollination(excluding scopa pollen)and bee-feeding interaction(including scopa pollen)***,networks built with pollen data were richer in plant species and interactions and showed lower modularity and specialization(H2'),and higher nestedness than visitation networks based on field *** interactions with plants were stronger compared to those of males,although not ***,females were more generalist(low d')and tended to be more central in interaction networks,indicating their more key role structuring pollination networks in comparison to *** study highlights the importance of palynological data to increase the resolution of networks,as well as to understand important ecological questions such as the differences between plant-pollination and bee-feeding interaction networks,and the role of sexes in pollination.

关键词： palynology pollen-transport networks pollination role of bee sexes sampling methodology visitation networks

The Variability of the Snow and Ice Melt in Alpine Rivers in Northwestern China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 884-895页

作者： LI Chang-bin QI Jia-guo YANG Lin-shan YANG Wen-jin ZHU Gao-feng WANG Shuai-bing Center for Dryland water Resources Research and watershed Science at the Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental systems (Ministry of Education) Lanzhou University Center for global change and Earth Observations Michigan State University 204 Manly Miles Building 1405 South Harrison Road East Lansing MI 48823 USA

The study of snow and ice melt （SIM） is important in water-scarce arid regions for the assessment of water supply and quality. These studies involve unique difficulties, especially in the calibration of hydro-models because there is no direct way to continuously measure the SIM at hydrostations. The recursive digital filter （RDF） and the isotopic hydro-geochemical method （IHM） were coupled to separate the SIM from eight observed series of alpine streamflows in northwestern China. Validation of the calibrated methods suggested a good capture of the SIM characteristics with fair accuracy in both space and time. Applications of the coupled methods in the upper reaches of the Hei River Basin （HRB） suggested a double peak curve of the SIM fraction to streamflow for the multi-component recharged （MCR） rivers, while a single peak curve was suggested for the rainfall-dominant recharged （RDR） rivers. Given inter-annual statistics of the separation, both types of the alpine rivers have experienced an obvious decrease of SIM since 196os. In the past 10 years, the SIM in the two types of rivers has risen to the levels of the 1970s, but has remained lower than the level of the 1960s. The study provided a considerable evidence to quantify the alpine SIMbased on the separation of observed data series at gauge stations. Application of the coupled method could be helpful in the calibration and validation of SIM-related hydro-models in alpine regions.

关键词： Recursive digital filter (RDF) Isotopichydro-geochemical method (IHM) Snow and ice melt Separation the Hei River Basin

Climate change adaptation, greenhouse gas mitigation and economic profitability of conservation agriculture: Some examples from cereal systems of Indo-Gangetic Plains

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1524-1533页

作者： Tek B Sapkota M L Jat Jeetendra P Aryal R K Jat Arun Khatri-Chhetri International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Borlaug Institute for South Asia Consultative group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) International Water Management Institute

Achieving sustainability of the cereal system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains（IGP）of India under progressive climate change and variability necessitates adoption of practices and technologies that increase food production,adaptation and mitigation in a sustainable *** paper examines conservation agriculture（CA）from the perspective of：（i）increased yield and farm income,（ii）adaptation to heat and water stresses,and（iii）reduction in greenhouse gas（GHGs）*** analyses and conclusions are based on the literature and evidences from a large number of on-station as well as farmers’field trials on CA in the cereal systems of *** analyses show that CA-based system substantially reduces the production cost（up to 23%）but produces equal or even higher than conventional system;thereby increasing economic profitability of production ***-based production systems also moderated the effect of high temperature（reduced canopy temperature by 1–4°C）and increased irrigation water productivity by 66–100%compared to traditional production systems thus well adapting to water and heat stress situations of *** continuous monitoring of soil flux of CO2,N2O and CH4 revealed that CA-based rice-wheat systems emit 10–15%less GHGs than conventional *** is the first time that CA and its components are synthesized and analyzed from food security-climate change *** this holistic analysis,we suggest that wide-scale promotion of suitable CA practices by integrating into national agriculture development strategy is a way forward to address food security,climate change adaptation and mitigation challenges faced by present agriculture.

关键词： zero-tillage residue retention climate change sustainability conservation agriculture

Energy Demand Prediction of the Building Sector Based on Induced Kernel Method and MESSAGEix Model

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2019年第4期7卷 41-57页

作者： TAN Xin ZHAO Zijian LIU Changyi ZHANG Shining CHEN Xing HOU Fangxin YANG Fang GUO Fei Climate change and Environment Office global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO) International Institute for Applied systems Analysis (IIASA)

The building sector,including resident,commercial and public services,is one of the most energy-intensive sectors *** share of buildings’ energy consumption in the final energy dramatically increases in various *** the preliminary work of the final energy prediction,the prediction of useful energy demand of the building sector is essential in the fields of energy-related research,especially for the scenarios *** this end,this paper presents the prediction of energy demand in the building sector based on the Induced Kernel Method(IKM) for the useful ***,similar to other learning-based prediction methods,a database is constructed for the ***,the database contains not only the historical data of the useful energy demand and related indicators,but also some development templates to induce the ***,the detailed process is mathematically deduced to predict the useful energy demand components of the building sector,including electricity and ***,using various countries as examples,prediction results of the useful energy are presented in the numerical ***,by using useful energy prediction results as the input of the MESSAGEix model,the paper further predicts global final energy of the building sector.

关键词： building sector Energy demand kernel learning algorithms

Comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission inventory for Pakistan: Part Ⅱ agriculture, forestry and other land use and waste

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Advances in Climate change Research 2021年第1期12卷 132-144页

作者： Kaleem Anwar MIR Chunkyoo PARK Pallav PUROHIT Seungdo KIM Research Centre for Climate change and Energy Department of Environmental Sciences and BiotechnologyHallym UniversityChuncheon24252Republic of Korea Ministry of Environment Government Complex-SejongSejong-si30103Republic of Korea International Institute for Applied systems Analysis LaxenburgA-2361Austria global change Impact Studies Centre Ministry of Climate ChangeGovernment of PakistanIslamabad44000Pakistan

Understanding Pakistan's greenhouse gas(GHG)emission status is critical for identifying the national targets for GHG mitigation with respect to the nationally determined contributions(NDCs).This study focuses on the development of Pakistan's GHG(C0_(2),CH_(4),and N20)inventories for agriculture,forestry and other land use(AFOLU)and waste sectors using 2006 IPCC *** study should be seen as a direct continuation of the preceding one(Part I[Available online at:https://***/10.1016/***.2020.05.002])which discusses energy and industrial processes and product use in compliance with the 2006 and 1996 IPCC *** also provides sector-specific comparative time series(1994-2017)analysis of GHG inventories,identification of key categories,and national GHG emissions trend for *** results indicate an average relative difference(on average for time series 1994-2017)of 19%and 6%in total GHG emissions(C0_(2)-eq)from AFOLU and waste sector respectively between 2006 and 1996 IPCC *** absolute difference over the entire time series for AFOLU and waste sector was in the range of 3-67 Mt C0_(2)-eq and 1-7 Mt CQ2-eq *** further reveal that the quantity of national GHG emissions by 2006 IPCC Guidelines is 10%lower on average for complete time series compared to 1996 IPCC *** average relative difference for total national emissions of C0_(2),CH_(4) and N20 is-1%,9%,and 48%*** category analysis based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines estimates identified three categories,each contributing>10%to the level assessment in the latest year 2017 and accounting for approximately half of the national GHG *** order to further improve the reliability of GHG inventories,Pakistan needs to move from 1996 to 2006 IPCC Guidelines under a higher Tier approach particularly for identified key categories.

关键词： Greenhouse gas Emission inventory Agriculture Forestry and other land use Waste sector Time series analysis Key categories Pakistan

A New Weighting Function for Estimating Microwave Sounding Unit Channel 4 Temperature Trends Simulated by CMIP5 Climate Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第3期30卷 779-789页

作者：张选泽郑小谷杨赤骆三 College of global change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University

A new static microwave sounding unit （MSU） channel 4 weighting function is obtained from using Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project, Phase 5 （CMIP5） historical multimodel simulations as inputs into the fast Radiative Transfer Model for TOVS （RTTOV v10）. For the same CMIP5 model simulations, it is demonstrated that the computed MSU channel 4 brightness temperature （T4） trends in the lower stratosphere over both the globe and the tropics using the proposed weighting function are equivalent to those calculated by RTTOV, but show more cooling than those computed using the traditional UAH （University of Alabama at Huntsville） or RSS （Remote Sensing systems in Santa Rosa, California） static weighting functions. The new static weighting function not only reduces the computational cost, but also reveals reasons why trends using a radiative transfer model are different from those using a traditional static weighting function. This study also shows that CMIP5 model simulated T4 trends using the traditional UAH or RSS static weighting functions show less cooling than satellite observations over the globe and the tropics. Although not completely removed, this difference can be reduced using the proposed weighting function to some extent, especially over the tropics. This work aims to explore the reasons for the trend differences and to see to what extent they are related to the inaccurate weighting functions. This would also help distinguish other sources for trend errors and thus better understand the climate change in the lower stratosphere.

关键词： CMIP5 RTTOV MSU weighting function lower stratospheric temperature variability

Comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission inventory for Pakistan:Part I energy and industrial processes and product use

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Advances in Climate change Research 2020年第1期11卷 40-51页

In order to further improve the accuracy and reliability and reduce uncertainties in the national GHG inventories for Pakistan,this study call for using 2006 IPCC Guidelines,to help to identify the national targets for GHG mitigation with respect to the nationally determined contributions(NDCs).GHG(CO2,CH4,and N20)inventories for Pakistan have been developed by conducting a detailed sectoral assessment of IPCC source sectors,energy,industrial processes and product use(IPPU),agriculture,forestry and other land use(AFOLU),and the waste ***,sector wise comparative analysis of GHG inventories(1994-2017)based on the 2006 and 1996 IPCC Guidelines have also been *** indicated an average relative difference of 4%in total GHG emissions(CO2 equivalent)from energy sector between 2006 and 1996 IPCC *** 3.6%average annual growth rate based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines,CO2 from energy sector remained the most abundant GHG emitted,followed by CH4 and *** the average absolute difference in emissions of CH4 and N20 from the energy sector is notable,the total estimated GHG emissions by 2006 IPCC Guidelines duplicate those by 1996 IPCC *** the mineral industry with 2006 IPCC Guidelines,an average annual growth rate of 6.7%is observed,contributing 64%of total IPPU sector CO2 ***,the relative difference between the two Guidelines in overall IPPU sector emissions remained *** might be a need for switching to 2006 IPCC Guidelines to consider more parameters such as additional source sectors and new default emission factors that fit into national circumstances.

关键词： Greenhouse gas Emission inventory Energy sector Industrial processes and product use Pakistan