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Detecting trends in body size: empirical and statistical requirements for intraspecific analyses

Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 493-497页

作者： C.M.GIENGER Ned A.DOCHTERMANN C.Richard TRACY department of Biology Center of Excellence for Field BiologyAustin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTNUSA department of Biological Sciences North Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA department of Biology Program in EcologyEvolutionand Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNVUSA

Attributing biological explanations to observed ecogeographical and ecological patterns require eliminating potential statistical and sampling artifacts as alternative explanations of the observed ***,we assess the role of sample size,statistical power,and geographic inclusivity on the general validity and statistical significance of relationships between body size and latitude for 3 well-studied species of *** extend those analyses to emphasize the importance of using statistically robust data in determining macroecological *** examined intraspecific trends in body size with latitude in Chelydra serpentina,Chrysemys picta,and Trachemys scripts using Pearson's correlations,diagnostic tests for influential points,and *** data were insufficient to ascertain a latitudinal trend in body size for *** or *** was a significant relationship for ***,however,resampling analyses show that,on average,16 of the 23 available independent populations were needed to demonstrate a significant relationship and that at least 20 of 23 populations were required to obtain a statistically powerful correlation between body size and ***,restricting the latitudes of populations resampled shows that body size trends of *** were largely due to leveraging effects of populations at the edge of the species *** results suggest that broad inferences regarding ecological trends in body size should be made with caution until underlying(intraspecific)patterns in body size can be statistically and conclusively demonstrated.

关键词： Bergmann's rule geographic variation macroecology resampling sensitivity analysis statistical power turtle

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AutoML: A systematic review on automated machine learning with neural architecture search

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Journal of Information and Intelligence 2024年第1期2卷 52-81页

作者： Imrus Salehin Md.Shamiul Islam Pritom Saha S.M.Noman Azra Tuni Md.Mehedi Hasan Md.Abu Baten department of Computer Engineering Dongseo University47 Jurye-roSasang-guBusan 47011Republic of Korea department of Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International UniversityDhaka 1216Bangladesh department of Computer Science and Engineering Bangladesh University of Business and TechnologyDhaka 1216Bangladesh Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Frankfurt University of Applied SciencesFrankfurt 60318Germany department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Asia PacificDhaka 1205Bangladesh department of Computer Science and Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and TechnologyDhaka 1208Bangladesh department of Computer Science and Engineering Northern University BangladeshDhaka 1215Bangladesh

AutoML(Automated Machine Learning)is an emerging field that aims to automate the process of building machine learning *** emerged to increase productivity and efficiency by automating as much as possible the inefficient work that occurs while repeating this process whenever machine learning is *** particular,research has been conducted for a long time on technologies that can effectively develop high-quality models by minimizing the intervention of model developers in the process from data preprocessing to algorithm selection and *** this semantic review research,we summarize the data processing requirements for AutoML approaches and provide a detailed *** place greater emphasis on neural architecture search(NAS)as it currently represents a highly popular sub-topic within the field of *** methods use machine learning algorithms to search through a large space of possible architectures and find the one that performs best on a given *** provide a summary of the performance achieved by representative NAS algorithms on the CIFAR-10,CIFAR-100,ImageNet and wellknown benchmark ***,we delve into several noteworthy research directions in NAS methods including one/two-stage NAS,one-shot NAS and joint hyperparameter with architecture *** discussed how the search space size and complexity in NAS can vary depending on the specific problem being *** conclude,we examine several open problems(SOTA problems)within current AutoML methods that assure further investigation in future research.

关键词： AutoML Neural architecture search Advance machine learning Search space Hyperparameter optimization

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Influence of Potential Evapotranspiration on the water Balance of Sugarcane fields in Maui, Hawaii

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2014年第9期6卷 852-868页

作者： Javier Osorio Jaehak Jeong Katrin Bieger Jeff Arnold Blackland research and Extension Center Texas A & M AgriLife Research Temple USA Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Temple USA

The year-long warm temperatures and other climatic characteristics of the Pacific Ocean Islands have made Hawaii an optimum place for growing sugarcane;however, irrigation is essential to satisfy the large water demand of sugarcane. Under the Hawaiian tropical weather, actual evapotranspiration (AET) is the primary mechanism by which water is removed from natural and agricultural systems. The Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company (HC&S), the largest sugarcane grower of the Hawaiian Islands, has developed a locally optimized AET equation for the purpose of water management on its 184.3 km2 sugarcane plantation on the Island of Maui. In this paper, in order to assess the influence of AET on the hydrological water balance of the HC&S’ sugarcane cropping system, the performance of the HC&S method was compared with three physically-based methods: Penman-Monteith, Priestley-Taylor, and Hargreaves, as well as, to a set of historical pan evaporation data. A Soil and water Assessment Tool (SWAT) project was setup to estimate the water balance in two sugarcane fields: a windy lowland field and a rocky highland field on a hill slope. Under Hawaiian weather conditions, wind speed was found to be the most influential climatic parameter over potential evapotranspiration (PET);therefore, the results with both Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor underpredicted PET by approximately 30%, presumably because these methods do not take wind speed into account. The HC&S method was demonstrated to be the most accurate PET method compared to the other commonly used PET equations, with less than 10% error. Of the annual total water supply of 3400 mm, AET accounted for 75% - 80% of the total water consumption. These findings can be used to improve the irrigation efficiency as well as other management scenarios to optimize water use on the Island of Maui.

关键词： Evapotranspiration water Balance Hydrological Modeling Sugarcane SWAT

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Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of roots in two rice varieties in response to alternate wetting and drying irrigation

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The Crop Journal 2020年第4期8卷 586-601页

作者： Tao Song Debatosh Das Feng Yang Moxian Chen Yuan Tian Chaolin Cheng Chao Sun Weifeng Xu Jianhua Zhang Shenzhen research Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518057GuangdongChina Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128HunanChina College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Center for Plant water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in CropFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloonHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina

Alternate wetting and drying(AWD)irrigation has been widely used as an efficient rice production method to obtain better yield without continuous flooding(CF)of the paddy ***,how this practice affects gene expression to regulate rice physiology and morphology is largely *** this study,we used two rice varieties,Nipponbare,a lowland rice cultivar,and Gaoshan 1,an upland cultivar,and found that root dry weight(RDW)and root oxidation activity(ROA)in both cultivars substantially increased in response to *** then analyzed the differences in transcriptome profiles of their roots irrigated in AWD *** *** responsive genes are mainly involved in lignin biosynthetic pathway and phytohormone signal transduction pathway and belong mainly to b HLH,b ZIP,NAC,WRKY,and HSF transcription factor *** discussed how these differentially expressed genes may contribute to the morphological adaptations observed in roots exposed to *** analysis also provides useful information to explain the similarities and differences in adaptation to AWD irrigation between the two rice ecotypes.

关键词： cultivar paddy roots

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Effects of nitrogen content on growth and hydraulic characteristics of peach(Prunus persica L.) seedlings under different soil moisture conditions

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Journal of Forestry research 2014年第2期25卷 365-375页

作者： Zhi-liang Zhang Guo-dong Liu Fu-cang Zhang Cai-xia Zheng Fu-quan Ni Yin-hong Kang Yun Zeng College of water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan University College of Information and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen content [Nl （no fertilizer）, N2 （0.15 ***-l）, and N3 （0.3 *** 1）] on the growth and the hydraulic characteristics of peach seedlings under different soil moisture conditions （Wl, W2 and W3, in which the soil water content was 45% to 55%, 60% to 70%, and 75% to 80% of the field water capacity, respectively） by using a specialized high pressure flow meter with a root chamber and a coupling, which was connected to plant organs. Leaf area and leaf hydraulic conductivity （KL） increased significantly in the seedlings because of increased soil moisture and N content. KL increased with leaf area. A linear correlation was documented between KL and leaf area. KL was higher in the morning and began to decline sharply after 16：00, at which KL declined after an initial increase. Soil moisture and N content enhanced shoot （Ks） and root （Kr） hydraulic conductivities, thereby improving the low soil moisture condition to a large extent. Ks and Kr of the seedlings were reduced by 32% and 27% respectively in N~, and by 14.7% and 9.4%, respectively in N2, and both in Wb compared with the control treatment. N3 had no significant effect on Ks and Kr under similar conditions. Linear negative correlations were observed between Kr and the excised root diameter as well as between Ks and the shoot stem diameter. The shoot-to-root ratio increased with in- crease in N content. The shoot-to-root ratio in N3 was increased by 14.37%, compared with N1 in W1 as well as by 12% and 4.39% in Wz and W3, respectively. Knowledge of the effects of soil moisture and N fertilizer on hydraulic characteristics and growth is important. Our results provide basic guidelines for the implementation of water-saving irrigation and fertilization management of nursery stock.

关键词： nitrogen Hydraulic conductivity growth WUE Prunus persica L.

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Effect of Limited Single irrigation on Yield of Winter Wheat and Spring Maize Relay Intercropping

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Pedosphere 2007年第4期17卷 529-537页

作者： ZHANG Bu-Chong HUANG Gao-Bao LI Feng-Min State Key Laboratory of Arid Agroecology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 （China）. department of water Resources Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 （China） School of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 730070 （China） State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences Yangling 712100 （China）

A field experiment was conducted during the 2002/2003 cropping season of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） and spring maize （Zea mays） to evaluate the effect of limited single drip irrigation on the yield and water use of both crops under relay intercropping in a semi-arid area of northwestern China. A controlled 35 mm single irrigation, either early or late, was applied to each crop at a certain growth stage. Soil water, leaf area, final grain yield and yield components such as the thousand-grain weight, length of spike, fertile spikelet number, number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike were measured, and water use efficiency and leaf area index were calculated for the irrigated and non-irrigated relay intercropping treatments and sole cropping controls. The results showed that yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and leaf area index in the relay intercropping treatments were affected by limited single drip irrigation during various growth stages of wheat and maize. The total yields in the relay intercropping treatment irrigated during the heading stage of wheat and the heading and anthesis stage of maize were the highest among all the treatments, followed by that irrigated during the anthesis stage of wheat and silking stage of maize; so was the water use efficiency. Significant differences occurred in most yield components between the irrigated and non-irrigated relay-intercropping treatments. The dynamics of the leaf area index in the relay-intercropped or solely cropped wheat and maize showed a type of single-peak pattern, whereas that of the relay intercropping treatments showed a type of double-peak pattern. Appropriately, limited single irrigation and controlled soil water content level could result in higher total yield, water use efficiency, and leaf area index, and improved yield components in relay intercropping. This practice saved the amount of water used for irrigation and also increased the yield. Therefore, heading stage of whe

关键词： leaf area index limited single irrigation water use efficiency winter wheat and spring maize relay intercropping yield and yield components

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Establishment of RT-RPA-LFA Method for Rapid Detection of Tomato Spotted wilt virus

Establishment of RT-RPA-LFA Method for Rapid Detection of To...

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中国植物病理学会2024年学术年会

作者： WANG Hao DU Kaitong DING Huijiao SUN Geng DONG Laihua FAN Zaifeng ZHOU Tao department of Plant Pathology China Agricultural University

Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae(tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV) can infect more than 1 090 species of plants in 84 families,causing serious yield loss and quality degradation of tomato,pepper and other *** virus is one of the quarantine pests for import plants to the People's Republic of China in ***,it is necessary to develop a rapid and efficient method for detection of *** present,ELISA,reverse transcription(RT)-PCR and Real-Time Fluorescent RT-PCR and other detection techniques commonly used for this virus are complicated,time-consuming and expensive with professional requirements for operators,which cannot meet the testing needs of detection in actual situations such as rapid on-site customs inspection and accurate disposal of *** Polymerase Amplification(RPA) and Lateral Flow Assay(LFA) were combined to achieve rapid detection of TSWV in this ***,TSWV was detected in pepper leaves suspected of viral *** cloning and sequencing of N gene,sequence analysis suggested a new isolate of TSWV in the infected ***,the design and screening of RPA primers were completed,and the basicRPA detection technology for TSWV was ***,the false positive problem during the integration of RPA and LFA in this study was solved by controlling the concentration of the *** preliminarily established detection method of RT-RPA-LFA for TSWV laid a solid foundation for the independent research and development of test strips that can be directly used in field production and quarantine.

关键词： TSWV recombinase polymerase amplification lateral flow assay

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Effect of Nitrogen on Yield and Oil Quality of Sunflower (<i>Helianthus Annuus</i>L.) Hybrids under Sub Humid Conditions of Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 243-251页

作者： Wajid Nasim Ashfaq Ahmad Asghari Bano Rabiu Olatinwo Muhammad Usman Tasneem Khaliq Aftab Wajid Hafiz Mohkum Hammad Muhammad Mubeen Muzzammil Hussain Adaptive research Farm Government of Punjab Lahore Pakistan Agro-Climatology Laboratory Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering University of Georgia Griffin USA department of irrigation & Drainage University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has emerged as an economically important crop in Pakistan due to its significant share in vegetable oil production. The plant metabolic processes require protein to increase the vegetative, reproductive growth and yield of the crop. The protein is wholly dependent upon the amount of nitrogen fertilization available for plant use. A two-year field study was conducted in 2008 and 2009. The objective was to determine the effect of different nitrogen (N) levels (N1 = 0 kg·ha–1, N2 = 60 kg·ha–1, N3 = 120 kg·ha–1, N4 = 180 kg·ha–1 and N5 = 240 kg·ha–1) on three sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33, Hysun-38 and Poineer-64A93) in agro-climatic conditions of Gujranwala, a sub-humid region in the centre of the Punjab province of Pakistan. A randomized complete block design split plot experiment was set-up with cultivars in the main plots and N levels in the subplots. Results showed that Hysun-38 gave maximum TDM (15815 kg·ha–1) and maximum grain yield (3389 kg·ha–1), while minimum TDM (14640 kg·ha–1) and grain yield (3125 kg·ha–1) was observed in Hysun-33. Among different N rates evaluated, N4 gave maximum TDM (17890 kg·ha–1) and grain yield (3809 kg·ha–1) compared to the other N rates. The maximum oil content (46.2%) was observed in Hysun-38 without application of N fertilizer (N1), while the minimum oil content (40.6%) was observed from N5 treatment. In conclusion, the application of 180 kg·ha–1 N to Hysun-38 provided the best combination for good yield in sunflower crop under the prevailing sub-humid conditions of Pakistan.

关键词： Helianthus annuus L. Nitrogen Rates Yield Subhumid Conditions Pakistan

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A review of the sentinel prey method as a way of quantifying invertebrate predation under field conditions

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 528-542页

作者： Gabor L. Lovei Marco Ferrante department of Agroecology Flakkebjerg Research Centre Aarhus University Forsgsvej 1 DK-4200 Slagelse Denmark

Sentinel prey can provide a direct, quantitative measure of predation under field conditions. Live sentinel prey provides more realistic data but rarely allows the partitioning of the total predation pressure; artificial prey is less natural but traces left by different predators are identifiable, making it suitable for comparative studies. We reviewed the available evidence of the use of both types of invertebrate sentinel prey. Fifty- seven papers used real prey, usually measuring predation on a focal （often pest） species, with studies overwhelmingly from North America. The median predation was 25.8% d-1. Artificial sentinel prey （45 papers） were used in both temperate and tropical areas, placed more above ground than at ground level. The most commonly used artificial prey imitated a caterpillar. Up to 14 predator groups were identified, registering a median of 8.8% d J predation; half the studies reported only bird predation. Predation on real prey was higher than on artificial ones, but invertebrate predation was not higher than vertebrate predation. Invertertebrate but not vertebrate predation was negatively related to prey size. Predation near the Equator was not higher than at higher latitudes, nor in cultivated than noncultivated habitats. The use of sentinel prey is not yet standardised in terms of prey size, arrangement, exposure period or data reporting. Due to the simplicity and ease of use of the method, such standardisation may increase the usefulness of comparative studies, contributing to the understanding of the importance and level of predation in various habitats worldwide.

关键词： arthropods artificial caterpillar biological control ecosystem service mortality top-down effects

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Use of Smartphones for Rapid Location Tracking in Mega Scale Soil Sampling

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 239-253页

作者： Harsha K. Kadupitiya Ranga N. D. Madushan Upul K. Rathnayake Rohana Thilakasiri Samantha B. Dissanayaka Mojith Ariyaratne Buddhi Marambe Mohomad S. Nijamudeen Dinaratne Sirisena Lalith Suriyagoda Natural Resource Management Centre Department of Agriculture Peradeniya Sri Lanka department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka Rice research and Development Institute Department of Agriculture Batalagoda Sri Lanka field Crops research and Development Institute Department of Agriculture Maha-Illuppallama Sri Lanka

Conventional, grid-based sampling location tracking approach with GPS or topographic maps is time-consuming and inconvenient. Therefore, this study combined the freely available virtual/digital globe with recent advancements of smartphone geo-browsers to develop a new sampling location tracking approach. The sampling frame was developed with pre-uploaded point map formulated in GIS environment by combining land-use map and one-kilometer grid with center coordinates. The sampling location grid was uploaded to smartphone and each point was tracked with Google Map path finder using point ID (coded grid coordinate) when searching each sampling location. The suitability of the new approach was tested for soil sample collection from paddy lands distributed in 0.9 million hectares in Sri Lanka. The sampling locations could be reached conveniently with the help of Google path-finder voice direction guide and optional routes. The efficiency of new approach was found to be remarkably high, i.e., over 99% of the 9000 sampling points, which were spread across Sri Lanka having an area of 65,610 km2. All sampling points in the country could be covered with twelve member field investigation crew who were guided through smartphones uploaded with sampling point grid on six motorbikes within 60 days. The new sampling location tracking approach is effective in terms of cost, time, human resource requirements, thus can be adopted in large-scale soil/plant sampling frames with high accuracy.

关键词： GIS GPS Geo-Browser Location Tracking Sampling

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