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Enhancing Canola Yield and Photosynthesis under water Stress with Hydrogel Polymers

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1623-1645页

作者： Elham A.Badr Gehan Sh.Bakhoum Mervat Sh.Sadak Ibrahim Al-Ashkar Mohammad Sohidul Islam Ayman El Sabagh Magdi T.Abdelhamid field Crops research department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt Botany department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt Plant Production department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12271Saudi Arabia department of Agronomy Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpur5200Bangladesh department of field Crops Faculty of AgricultureSiirt UniversitySiirt56100Turkey department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt department of research Centers Montana State UniversityBozemanMT 59717USA

While Egypt’s canola production per unit area has recently grown,productivity remains low,necessitating increased *** are water-absorbent polymer compounds that can optimize irrigation schedules by increasing the soil’s ability to retain ***,twoﬁeld experiments were conducted to examine hydrogel application to sandy soil on canola growth,biochemical aspects,yield,yield traits,and nutritional quality of yielded seeds grown under water deﬁcit stress *** experiments were conducted by arranging a split-plot layout in a randomized complete block design(RCBD)with three times replications of each *** water stress at 75%or 50%of crop evapotranspiration(ETc)lowered chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,caro-tenoids,and total pigments content,indole-3-acetic acid,plant development,seed yield,and oil and total carbo-hydrates of seed yield,hydrogel treatment enhanced all of the traits mentioned ***,hydrogel enhanced to gather compatible solutes(proline,amino acids,total soluble sugars),phenolics content in leaves,seed protein,and crop water productivity,which increased while the plants were under water *** results revealed that the full irrigation(100%ETc)along with hydrogel compared to water-stressed(50%ETc)led to enhanced seed yield(kg ha^(-1)),Oil(%),and Total carbohydrates(%)of rapeseed by 57.1%,11.1%and 15.7%,***,under water-stressed plots with hydrogel exhibited enhancement by 10.0%,3.2%and 5.1%in seed yield(kg ha^(-1)),oil(%),and total carbohydrates(%)of rapeseed by 57.1%,11.1%and 15.7%,respec-tively compared to *** a result,the use of hydrogel polymer will be a viable and practical solution for increasing agricultural output under water deﬁcit stress situations.

关键词： Hydrogel oil osmolytes rapeseed yield water stress

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Sodium nitroprusside as a signal molecule for up-regulating membrane characteristics,antioxidant defense system to improve flax productivity under water stress

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第3期9卷 160-169页

作者： N.M.Al-Ashkar B.A.Bakry H.M.S.El-Bassiouny M.M.S.Abdallah M.S.Sadak Botany department Agricultural and Biological Research InstituteNational Research Centre33 El Bohouth Street P.O.12622DokkiGizaEgypt field Crops research department Agricultural and Biological Research InstituteNational Research Centre33 El Bohouth Street P.O.12622DokkiGizaEgypt

water stress is a critical environmental adversity that significantly impacts the growth,development,and yield of flax *** this study,flax seeds were cultivated under different water irrigation requirements(WIR)(100%,75%,and 50%)to investigate the effects of exogenously supplied nitric oxide(NO)donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)as foliar treatments at concentrations of 0.0 mmol/L,0.5 mmol/L,1.0 mmol/L,and 2.0 mmol/*** stress led to a significant decrease in plant growth,photosynthetic pigments,yield components such as oil and total carbohydrate *** also resulted in an increase in leaf H2O2 production,lipid peroxidation levels and activities of enzymatic antioxidants including polyphenol oxidase,superoxide dismutase,and nitrate reductase ***,foliar application of SNP improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant defense system which mitigated the negative impact of water stress on growth and yield productivity by reducing oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species *** use of SNP also decreased H_(2)O_(2) accumulation levels,lipid peroxidation levels,and improved membrane *** treatment at concentration of 2 mmol/L showed superior results compared to other concentrations with extremely significant increases observed in yield characteristics such as oil content,total carbohydrate percentages,and unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio.

关键词： Flax Fatty acid Sodium nitroprusside Antioxidant enzymes Yield

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Competitive interactions between invasive fall armyworm and Asian corn borer at intraspecific and interspecific level on the same feeding guild

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1313-1325页

作者： Jingfei Guo Jianqin Shi Hailiang Han Ivan Rwomushana Abid Ali Yeeyee Myint Zhenying Wang State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina Zhejiang Dongyang Maize research Institute DongyangZhejiangChina CAB International(CABI) NairobiKenya department of Entomology University of AgricultureFaisalabadPunjabPakistan Plant Protection Division Department of AgricultureMinistry of AgricultureLivestock and IrrigationYangonMyanmar

Interspecific competition is an important factor in the population dynamics and geographical distribution of insect *** armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda,an invasive species,and the Asian corn borer(ACB),Ostrinia furnacalis,a native pest species are major pests on maize in China,posing a threat to maize yield and grain quality.A series of laboratory,greenhouse,and field experiments were conducted to elucidate the competitive interactions between FAW and *** the laboratory experiments,FAW exhibited aggressive behaviors more frequently when compared with ACB,while the latter species exhibited defense behaviors more *** intraspecific competition was recorded in the FAW conspecific rather than in ACB,particularly in the 6th larval *** had a higher interspecific competitive advantage through intraguild predation over ACB,resulting in partial or complete displacement ACB when initially the ratio of the 2 species was 1:*** interspecific competition also had significantly influenced on the population parameters,defensive enzymes,and nutrient of these 2 *** interaction proved that the response of superoxide,catalase,and soluble protein in FAW were significantly increased,whereas the total sugar content in both species was substantially *** rate,and the plant damage that co-infested by both species varied significantly among the sequential combinations under greenhouse and field *** consistently exhibited stronger intraspecific aggression than ACB under laboratory and field conditions when co-existing on the same feeding *** findings contribute to efforts toward the improvement of integrated pest management programs for FAW,in decision making for invasive and native pests’management strategies to reduce the high risks of FAW and ACB outbreaks.

关键词： Asian corn borer defensive enzyme fall armyworm interspecific competition intraspecific competition survival rate

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An Investigation into Forced Convection of a Nanofluid Flowing in a Rectangular Microchannel under the Influence of a Magnetic field

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第2期20卷 311-323页

作者： Muataz S.Alhassan Ameer A.Alameri Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel I.B.Sapaev Azher M.Abed David-Juan Ramos-Huallpartupa Rahman S.Zabibah Division of Advanced Nanomaterial Technologies Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarIraq department of Chemistry College of ScienceUniversity of BabylonBabylonIraq research Group in Educational Statistics National University of EducatiosnAzoguesEcuador department Physics and Chemistry Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization EngineersNational Research UniversityTashkentUzbekistan Akfa University TashkentUzbekistan New Uzbekistan University TashkentUzbekistan department of Airconditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeHilla51001Iraq Academic department of Agro-Industrial Engineering and Technology Universidad Nacional JoséMaría ArguedasApurimacPerú The Islamic University NajafIraq

In line with recent studies,where it has been shown that nanoﬂuids containing graphene have a stronger capacity to boost the heat transfer coefﬁcient with respect to ordinary nanoﬂuids,experiments have been conducted using water with cobalt ferrite/graphene *** particular,a circular channel made of copper subjected to a constant heatﬂux has been *** nanoparticles are sensitive to the presence of a magneticﬁeld,different conditions have been examined,allowing both the strength and the frequency of such aﬁeld to span relatively wide ranges and assuming different concentrations of *** to theﬁndings,the addition of nanoparticles to theﬂuid causes its rotation speed to increase by a factor of two,whereas ultraviolet radiation plays a negligible *** amount of time required to attain the maximum rotation speed of the nanoﬂuid and the Nusselt number have been measured under both constant and alternating magneticﬁelds for a ferroﬂuid with a concentration of 0.5%and atﬂow Reynolds number of 550 and 1750.

关键词： Nano fluid rectengular tube magnetic field

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Impact of metal polluted sewage water on soil nematode assemblages in agricultural settings of Aligarh,India

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 61-75页

作者： Mohammed F.S.A.Ghanem Shahid Afzal Humira Nesar Zarrin Imran Wasim Ahmad Nematode Biodiversity research Lab Department of ZoologyAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India

Sewage water in agriculture threatens human health and soil ecosystems through metal *** show promise as bioindicators of soil health due to their abundance and position in soil food ***-polluted water decreased abundance of certain nematode groups and Sigma Maturity *** pollution positively affected nematode groups with r-selected life *** water has been inappropriately used in agriculture,posing possible threats to human health and the soil ecosystems by its constituent pollutants,especially heavy *** evaluation of its influences on soil biomes needs to consider the response of soil *** soil organisms,nematodes are seen as the best promising candidates for bioindicators of soil *** in,we collected soil samples from fresh water irrigated field from three sites(S1,S2 and S3)and sewage water irrigated distance gradient(5 m-40 m),to assess the influence of metal(Cu,Zn,Cd,Mn,Pb)polluted water on various characteristics of nematode *** results indicated that the heavy metals decreased the abundance of C-p3 nematodes,herbivores,and predatory nematodes as well as sigma maturity index,whereas,C-p1,C-p2,bacterivore and fungivore nematodes abundance and diversity positively responded to the metal ***,nematode genera with r-selected life cycle were positively affected and those with K-selected life cycle were negatively affected by metal *** nematode community has potential to be used as indicator of pollution stress in agricultural soils to check soil health and sustainability.

关键词： heavy metals sewage irigation agriculture nematodes bioindicators

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Sediment dynamics and temporal variation of runoff in the Yom River,Thailand

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International Journal of Sediment research 2020年第4期35卷 365-376页

作者： Matharit Namsai Butsawan Bidorn Seree Chanyotha Ruetaitip Mama Nathamon Phanomphongphaisarn department of water Resources Engineering Chulalongkorn University WISE research Unit Chulalongkorn University Bureau of water Management and Hydrology Royal Irrigation Department

The Yom River is one of the four major sediment sources to the Chao Phraya River in *** activities and changes in climate over the past six decades may have affected the discharge and sediment load to some *** the current study,the river discharge and sediment characteristics in the mainstream of the Yom River were investigated using the field observation data from 2011 to 2013 and the historical river flow and sediment data from 1954 to 2014 at six hydrological stations operated by the Royal irrigation department of Thailand(RID).The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and double mass curve were used to analyze the sediment dynamics and temporal changes in the discharge of the Yom *** results revealed that the sediment was mainly transported in suspension,and the bed-tosuspended sediment loads ratio varied between 0 and *** daily suspended sediment load(SSL)in the upper and middle basins had a strong correlation with the daily discharge and could be represented by power equations with coefficients of determination higher than *** daily suspended sediment load in the lower basin did not directly depend on the corresponding discharge because of the reduction in river slope and water diversion by irrigation *** also appeared that the river discharges and sediment loads were mainly influenced by climate variation(floods and droughts).Moreover,the average sediment transport of the upper,middle,and lower reaches were 0.57,0.71,and 0.35 million t/y,*** sediment load in the lower basin decreased more than 50% as a result of changes in the river gradient(from mountainous to floodplain areas).The results from sediment analysis also indicated that the construction of the Mae Yom Barrage,the longest diversion dam in Thailand,and land-use changes did not significantly affect the sediment load along the Yom River.

关键词： Suspended sediment load Fluvial sediment Chao Phraya River basin Dam construction Climate change Human activities

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Competitiveness and Profitability of Intercropping Sunflower with Peanut under Different irrigation water Levels and Potassium Fertilizer Rates

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第8期9卷 1007-1031页

作者： Samiha A. Ouda Yaser A. A. Hefny Tamer I. Abdel-Wahab Sherif I. Abdel-Wahab water requirements and field irrigation research department Soils Water and Environment Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Giza Egypt Crop Intensification research department Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Giza Egypt

A two-year study was carried out at Ismailia Agricultural research Station, Egypt during 2016 and 2017 summer seasons to evaluate competitive effects of intercropping sunflower and peanut under different drip irrigation water amounts and K fertilizer rates for increasing farmer profitability. Three irrigation amounts (70%, 100% and 120% ETo), three K fertilizer levels (57, 86 and 114 K2O kg/ha) and four intercropping patterns of sunflower and peanut (different spatial arrangements) were implemented. The experimental design was strip split plot with three replications. The results showed that there were no significant differences between 100% and 120% ETo on most of yield traits of the intercrops. The highest K fertilizer level had the highest values of most yield traits of the intercrops. The highest values of peanut and sunflower traits were obtained from intercropping sunflower with peanut, where peanut seeds were sown on both sides of all the raised beds, sunflower seeds were sown on one row above the raised beds and the following bed was left without intercropping (P1). Thus, to attain the highest yield of intercrops and water equivalent ratio (WER), the lowest competitive pressure and the highest farmer profitability, 120% ETo, 114 K2O kg/ha and P1 intercropping pattern should be implemented. This research found that the result of competitiveness was consistent with the result of profitability.

关键词： Drip irrigation K Fertilizer Intercropping Sunflower with Peanut WER Competitive Relationships Profitability

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Artificial Intelligence for Maximizing Agricultural Input Use Efficiency: Exploring Nutrient, water and Weed Management Strategies

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1569-1598页

作者： Sumit Sow Shivani Ranjan Mahmoud F.Seleiman Hiba M.Alkharabsheh Mukesh Kumar Navnit Kumar Smruti Ranjan Padhan Dhirendra Kumar Roy Dibyajyoti Nath Harun Gitari Daniel O.Wasonga department of Agronomy Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaSamastipurBihar848125India department of Plant Production College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia department of Crop Sciences Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia UniversityShibin El-Kom32514Egypt department of water Resources and Environmental Management Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyAl Balqa Applied UniversitySalt19117Jordan Division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstitutePusa CampusNew Delhi110012India department of Soil Science Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaSamastipurBihar848125India department of Agricultural Science and Technology School of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesKenyatta UniversityNairobi43844Kenya department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy,and there is an increasing global emphasis on automating agri-cultural *** the tremendous increase in population,the demand for food and employment has also increased signiﬁ*** methods traditionally used to meet these requirements are no longer ade-quate,requiring solutions to issues such as excessive herbicide use and the use of chemical *** of technologies such as the Internet of Things,wireless communication,machine learning,artiﬁcial intelligence(AI),and deep learning shows promise in addressing these ***,there is a lack of comprehensive documentation on the application and potential of AI in improving agricultural input efﬁ*** address this gap,a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed,Scopus,Goo-gle Scholar,Web of Science,and Science Direct for relevant *** of 327 initially identiﬁed articles,180 were deemed pertinent,focusing primarily on AI’s potential in enhancing yield through better management of nutrients,water,and *** into account researchﬁndings worldwide,we found that AI technologies could assist farmers by providing recommendations on the optimal nutrients to enhance soil quality and deter-mine the best time for irrigation or herbicide *** present status of AI-driven automation in agricul-ture holds signiﬁcant promise for optimizing agricultural input utilization and reducing resource waste,particularly in the context of three pillars of crop management,i.e.,nutrient,irrigation,and weed management.

关键词： Agriculture artiﬁcial intelligence crop management nutrient irrigation weed management resource use efﬁciency

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Alternate freezing and thawing enhanced the sediment and nutrient runoff loss in the restored soil of the alpine mining area

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1823-1837页

作者： LI Fa-Yong LUO Ren-jie YOU Yong-jun HU Xue-fei QIAN Xiao-yan ZHANG Peng-yan WANG Shan LI Guo-yu KAMEL Mohamed Eltohamy College of water Resources and Architectural Engineering Tarim UniversityAral City 843300China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China water Relations and field irrigation department Agricultural and Biological Research DivisionNational Research CentreCairo 12622Egypt

This study highlights the influence of freezing-thawing processes on soil erosion in an alpine mine restoration area. Accordingly, a series of simulation experiments were conducted to investigate runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses, and potential influencing factors under freeze-thaw(FT) conditions. Three FT treatments(i.e., 0, 3, and 5 FT cycles), and two soil moisture contents(SMCs;i.e., 10% and 20% SMC on a gravimetric basis) were assessed. The runoff, sediment yield, ammonia nitrogen(AN), nitrate nitrogen(NN), total phosphorus(TP), and dissolved phosphorus(DP) losses from runoff were characterized under different rainfall durations. The fitting results indicated that the runoff rate and sediment rate, AN, NN, TP, and DP concentrations in runoff could be described by exponential functions. FT action increased the total runoff volume and sediment yield by 14.6%–26.0% and 8.8%–35.2%, respectively. The runoff rate and sediment rate increased rapidly with the increment of FT cycles before stabilizing. At 20% SMC, the total runoff volume and sediment yield were significantly higher than those at 10% SMC. The loss curves of AN and NN concentrations varied due to differences in their chemical properties. FT action and high SMC promoted AN and NN losses, whereas the FT cycles had little effect. FT action increased TP and DP losses by 60.2%–220.1% and 48.4%–129.8%, respectively, compared to cases with no FT action;the highest TP and DP losses were recorded at 20% SMC. This study provides a deep understanding of freezing-thawing mechanisms in the soils of alpine mine restoration areas and the influencing factors of these mechanisms on soil erosion, thereby supporting the development of erosion prevention and control measures in alpine mine restoration areas.

关键词： Freezing and thawing Mine restoration area nitrogen loss Phosphorus loss Rainfall simulation Soil moisture content

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Effect of closed circuits drip irrigation system and lateral lines length on growth, yield, quality and water use efficiency of soybean crop

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 85-90页

作者： Mohamed Yousif Tayel Hani Abdel-Ghani Mansour Sabreen Khalil Pibars water Relation and field irrigation department National Research Center Giza Egypt

field experiment was conducted for one growing season (2012) in clay loam soil at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC), USA on soybean crop to study the effect of: 1) the closed drip irrigation system: closed circuits with one and two a manifolds for lateral lines (CM1DIS;CM2DIS) and traditional drip irrigation system (TDIS) as a control;and 2) lateral lines length (LLL): LLL1, LLL2 and LLL3 (40, 60,80 m) on soybean growth, yield, oil, protein content and water use efficiency. Plants were drip irrigated every 4 days. N, K2O and P2O5 fertilizers were added via irrigation water. Data obtained could be outlined as follows: 1) According to the mean values of soybean crop growth (leaf area;plant height), yield (grain and straw), both oil and protein content and water use efficiency, the treatment used could be ranked in the following ascending orders: TDIS < CM1DIS < CM2DIS and LLL3 < LLL2 < LLL1;2) Differences in the means of the studied data among treatments used were significant at the 1% level;3) The effects of the DIC × LLL on the data obtained were significant at the 1 % level;And 4) the highest values of the obtained data and the lowest ones were achieved in the following interactions: CM2DIS × LLL1;TDIS × LLL3, respectively.

关键词： Closed Circuits Drip irrigation Lateral Lines Soybean WUE

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