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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 139-150页

作者： Kevin Zerbe Chris Polit Stacey McClain Tim Cook washington Emergency Management Division Camp MurrayTacomaWA 98430USA

Spatiotemporal analysis of fire activity is vital for determining why wildfires occur where they do,assessing wildfire risks,and developing locally relevant wildfire risk reduction *** various spatial statistical methods,we determined hot spots of large wildfires(>100 acres)in washington,the United States,and mapped spatiotemporal variations in large wildfire activity from 1970 to *** results found that all hot spots are located east of the crest of the Cascade *** spatiotemporal analysis found that the geographic area wherein most of the state’s acres burned has shrunk considerably since 1970 and has become concentrated over the north-central portion of the state over *** concentration of large wildfire activity in north-central washington was previously unquantified and may provide important information for hazard mitigation efforts in that *** results highlight the advantages of using spatial statistical methods that could aid the development of natural hazard mitigation plans and risk reduction strategies by characterizing previous hazard occurrences spatially and spatiotemporally.

关键词： Hazard mitigation Natural hazards Spatial statistics washington state Wildfire

Ecology and management of rodents in no-till agriculture in washington, USA

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 154-164页

作者： Gary WITMER Rodney SAYLER David HUGGINS Jason CAPELLI US Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColoradoUSA washington State University PullmanWashingtonUSA

No-till farming is an important approach to sustainable agriculture because it can conserve soil and water ***, rodent populations can thrive under no-till conditions because burrow systems are not disrupted byannual plowing and plant residues build-up on the surface, providing cover and insulation. This can result in substantialcrop damage. We assessed rodent populations, habitat use, food habits, and crop damage in a no-till croppingsystem in washington, USA. We also conducted preliminary trials of methods to reduce rodent populationsand crop damage. In the fall, many more rodents were captured in fields with unharvested crops than in fieldscontaining only plant stubble, suggesting that rodents leave fields after crop harvest, providing that suitable habitatsare nearby, even when adequate cover is still available in harvested crop fields. By spring, the number of volescaptured was much lower relative to fall. Despite this, capture rates were much higher in surrounding permanentgrass areas than in crop (barley, wheat, pea) fields, suggesting that these grassy areas serve as refugia for ***, the permanent grass cover type was the landscape variable most associated with rodent capture *** three winter pea fields, rodents removed 5–15% of the pea plants over winter. Examination of stomach contentsrevealed that voles mainly fed on grain plants in spring, but that their diet was more diversified in fall. Deer micefed heavily on grain plants in both spring and fall, but also used insects as food. Metal barrier exclosures (9 m × 9m), extending above and below ground, did not prevent access by rodents. Rodent populations in areas treated withzinc phosphide on grain were comparable to untreated areas 1 year after application of the rodenticide, perhaps becauseof immigration and recruitment, suggesting that baiting does not provide a long-term solution to rodent damagein no-till agricultural fields.

关键词： agriculture damage deer mouse feeding ecology Microtus Peromyscus rodent vole

Fever of unknown origin:a retrospective review of pediatric patients from an urban,tertiary care center in washington,DC

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第2期16卷 177-184页

作者： Ann Marie Szymanski Hugo Clifford Tova Ronis Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Children's National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases National Institutes of HealthBuilding 10Rm 12S251 MSC 156010 Center DriveBethesdaMD 20814USA The School of Medicine and Health Sciences The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA

Background Fever of unknown origin(FUO)continues to challenge clinicians to determine an etiology and the need for *** study explored the most common etiologies,characteristics,and average cost of hospitalization for FUO in a pediatric population at an urban,tertiary care hospital in washington,*** Records from patients admitted to Children's National Health System between September 2008 and April 2014 with an admission ICD-9 code for fever(780.6)were *** charts of patients 2-18 years of age with no underlying diagnosis and a temperature greater than 38.3℃for 7 days or more at time of hospitalization were *** diagnoses,features of admission,and total hospital charges were *** 110 patients qualified for this *** majority of patients(n=42,38.2%)were discharged without a *** was followed closely by infection,accounting for 37.2%(n=41)of *** disease was next(n=16,14.5%),followed by miscellaneous(n=6,5.4%)and oncologic diagnoses(n=5,4.5%).The average cost of hospitalization was 40,295 US *** This study aligns with some of the most recent publications which report undiagnosed cases as the most common outcome in patients hospitalized with *** that,often no diagnosis is found may reassure patients,families,and *** cost associated with hospitalization for FUO may cause clinicians to reconsider inpatient admission for diagnostic work-up of fever,particularly given the evidence demonstrating that many patients are discharged without a diagnosis.

关键词： Fever Fever of unknown origin Infection Healthcare costs

A Community Case Study on Geographic, Environmental, and Social Health Disparities in COVID-19 Disease: Yakima, washington

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020年第11期10卷 288-297页

作者： Casey Mace Firebaugh Tishra Beeson Amie Wojtyna Lilian Bravo Teresa Everson Jaclyn Johnson Alberto Saldana Department of Health Sciences Central Washington University Ellensburg Washington USA Yakima County Health District Yakima Washington USA

Yakima County, washington, a rural county with an urban core suffered disproportionately under the conditions presented by the COVID-19 pandemic and summer wildfires of 2020. With an infection rate of over 700 per 100,000 population at the height of the pandemic, the county concurrently experienced 14 consecutive days of an air quality index in the unhealthy to hazardous range in August 2020. This paper examines the contributing socioeconomic, geographic, and environmental vulnerabilities that make Yakima County particularly susceptible to the continuum of expected COVID-19 disease and related outcomes and suggests comprehensive areas of investigation to mitigate its impact on special populations, including Hispanic-Latino communities, agricultural, food production, and other essential workers.

关键词： COVID-19 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Air Quality Hispanic/Latino Health Disparities

Tidal Marsh Plant Community Development within Four Restored Lowland Estuaries in the Western Peninsulas of washington State, USA

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第10期12卷 1543-1558页

作者： Shannon M. Call Jenise M. Bauman Huxley College of the Environment Western Washington University Bellingham Washington USA

Vegetation and soil within estuarine ecosystems play an integral role in ecological processes within pocket estuaries. However, physical barriers, caused by culverts diminish hydrological inputs, sediment exchange, and habitat connectivity. The restoration of estuaries by bridge replacement reconnects the aquatic corridor, however, the recovery of plant communities and soil substrate is not well understood. This observational study monitored four estuary restoration sites of variable ages (0 - 12 years) in Western washington, USA. Plant community composition, soil organic carbon, organic matter, and soil nutrients were assessed. Percent soil carbon was different among the pre-restoration and youngest (3-year) post-restoration site (P = 0.03), suggesting an initial decrease in carbon and organic matter during restoration. Both N and P were deficient at the newest, lower restoration site, presumably linked to the lack of organic matter required for adequate cation exchange capacity and nutrient/plant exchange (P P = 0.02). Vegetation composition was primarily native species with few invasive plants present. The results of this study illustrate that tidal marsh plant communities are influenced by the development of salinity and vertical gradients with older sites having an increase in species diversity. Future surveys are ongoing to better understand how these sites recover organic matter and tidal marsh communities to form adequate estuarine habitat over time.

关键词： Estuary Restoration Habitat Recovery Culvert Removal Bridge Replacement

Sinology in Seattle: The University of washington and its Influence on the Study of Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2021年第3期4卷 176-180页

作者： Sean Bradley Department of Asian Languages and Literature University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

The University of washington has played a pivotal role in the field of sinology with faculty and alumni producing major publications in Chinese history,literature,phonetics,and *** contributions have been instrumental in the development of sinology as a field and have both directly and indirectly influenced the study of Chinese *** tracing the history of the Department of Asian Languages and Literature and examining several major figures,we can better understand how these individuals shaped the development of Chinese Medicine and contributed to its spread worldwide.

关键词： Chinese medicine history influence Seattle sinology

Good and Bad Options For washington

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Beijing Review 2021年第40期64卷 24-25页

作者： Clifford A.Kiracofe washington Institute for Peace and Development

Will washington lose the future?Yes and *** the *** with its reckless and counterproductive policy of hegemony,then *** it drops its policy of hegemony and pursues a restrained and pmdent course,then the answer might ... 详细信息

关键词： policy restrained hegemony

Correlates and Covariates of Type 2 Diabetes in an African American Population in the washington DC Area

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第4期12卷 431-448页

作者： Jyothirmai J. Simhadri Christopher A. Loffredo Tanmoy Mondal Zarish Noreen Thomas Nnanabu Ruth Quartey Charles Howell Brent Korba Gail Nunlee-Bland Somiranjan Ghosh Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health College of Medicine Howard University Washington DC USA Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC USA Department of Healthcare Biotechnology National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan Department of Biology Howard University Washington DC USA Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Howard University Washington DC USA Department of Microbiology & Immunology Georgetown University Washington DC USA

In the United States, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disproportionately affects the African American (AA) community, which has not been systematically included in molecular studies of underlying mechanisms. As part of a gene expression study, we recruited cases with T2DM and matched, unaffected controls at an urban hospital in washington, DC, with a majority AA population. Here we describe the profile of socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related associations of the study population. Self-reported data were collected from cases with T2DM (N = 77) and age- and gender-matched controls (N = 80), ages 45 - 65 years. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). As expected, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were more prevalent in cases than in controls. Tobacco smoking and working alongside other tobacco smokers were also associated with T2DM. After adjusting for covariates, current tobacco smoking remained statistically associated with the disease (OR per half pack of cigarettes 1.43, 95% CI 1.04 - 1.95;p-value 0.027). HbA1c levels were elevated in T2DM cases who smoked more than a pack of cigarettes daily. These associations highlight the comorbid burdens of T2DM in an AA urban community setting and identify tobacco control as an unmet need for future prevention and control efforts.

关键词： Diabetes Epidemiology Smoking African American

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR CHINESE STUDIES EXPERIENCE AT THE EAST ASIA LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF washington

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高校文献信息学刊 1994年第3期1卷 61-69页

作者： Yeen-meiWn EastAsiaLibraryDO-27 UniversityofWashingtonSeattleWashington98195U.S.A.

The East Asia Library(EAZ), following the leadership of the University of washington(UW) Libraries and the trends of the library world, has made great progress in library automation. Yet the presence of non-roman scripts, or CJK characters, in the library's electronic resources in an environment dominated by phonetic languages makes automation of East Asian Libraries more challenging than libraries which use only roman scripts. This paper first provides a general overview of current information technology. It then offers a brief introduction to the UW Library automation and how the East Asia Library handles automation Finally, it presents the experience of the information technology in Chinese studies at EAL.

关键词：东亚图书馆华盛顿大学信息技术自动化电子资源中国学生

Recent Results from University of washington Helicity Injection Current Drive Program

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中国核科技报告 1999年第S4期 392-392页

作者： T.R.Jarboe,P.D.Jewell,J.E.Liptac,K.J.McCollam,B.A.Nelson,R.Raman,A.J.Redd,J.A.Rogers,P.E.Sieck,U.Shumlak,R.J.Smith University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN University of washington USA M.Nagata and T.Uyama Himeji Institute of Technology JAPAN

The Helicity Injected Torus-Ⅱ(HIT-Ⅱ) spherical torus is capable of both Coaxial Helicity Injection (CHI) and transformer action current drive. HIT-Ⅱ has a major radius of 0.3 m, a minor radius of 0.2 m, an aspect r... 详细信息

关键词： Recent Results from University of washington Helicity Injection Current Drive Program