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Radiation belt electron wisp inside South Atlantic Anomaly due to terrestrial VLF transmitter observed by MSS-1

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Yixin SUN Ying LIU Qiugang ZONG Yixin HAO Hong ZOU Yuguang YE institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macau University of Science and Technology Max Planck institute for Solar System research

The South Atlantic Anomaly represents a region within near-Earth space characterized by a significantly weaker geomagnetic field and a higher flux of energetic particles compared to other areas. It is a space weather hazards to Low-EarthOrbit satellites. There has been evidence that the Very Low Frequency (VLF) waves from the powerful ground VLF radio transmitter in Australia, known as NWC, have the capacity to scatter energetic electrons’ pitch angle in the inner radiation *** scattering directs electrons into the drift loss cone, forms a “wisp”, characterized by its peak intensity outside the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), and a “rift” exhibiting minimal intensity within SAA. Our findings mark the initial observation of a“wisp” precipitation, an unusual occurrence with peak intensity detected inside the SAA, observed via the Macao Science Satellite-1. Enabled by the Medium-energy Electron Spectrometer onboard Macao Science Satellite-1, we were able to comprehensively measure the full pitch angle distribution at Low-Earth-Orbit. This allowed us to attribute the “wisp” within the anomaly to a specific pitch angle range just outside the drift loss cone, a measurement unattainable by previous satellites. This“wisp” occurrence aligns with previous model predictions, despite being overlooked. Moreover, we distinguished between the trapped and precipitating electron populations. Directly derived from the ratio of these populations, our analysis revealed that approximately 2%-5%of trapped electrons will be lost in this specific wisp due to the influence of the ground VLF *** results not only complement existing evidence of energetic electron pitch angle scattering facilitated by the ground VLF transmitter but also offer a quantitative estimation of its impact.

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Input of microenvironmental regulation on colorectal cancer: Role of the CCN family

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 6826-6831页

作者： Cheng-Chi Chang Been-Ren Lin Tai-Sheng Wu Yung-Ming Jeng Min-Liang Kuo Graduate institute of Oral Biology Graduate Institute of Clinical DentistrySchool of DentistryNational Taiwan University Department of Dentistry National Taiwan University Hospital Department of Surgery National Taiwan University Hospital Graduate institute of Clinical Dentistry School of DentistryNational Taiwan University Department of Pathology National Taiwan University institute of Biochemical Sciences College of Life ScienceNational Taiwan University institute of Toxicology College of Medicine National Taiwan University institute of Biological Chemistry

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a major health problem causing significant morbidity and *** results from various studies indicate that CRC tumorigenicity encompasses tumor microenvironment,emphasizing the complex interacting network between cancer cells and nearby host cells,which triggers diverse signaling pathways to promote the growth and spread ofcancer *** CCN family proteins share a uniform modular structure,mediating a variety of physiological functions,including proliferation,apoptosis,migration,adhesion,differentiation,and ***,CCN proteins are also involved in CRC initiation and *** studies have shown that CCN members,such as CCN1,CCN2,CCN3,Wnt-induced secreted protein(wisp)-1,wisp-2,and wisp-3,are dysregulated in CRC,which implies potential diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets *** this review,we summarize the research findings on the role of CCN family proteins in CRC initiation,development,and progression,highlighting their potential for diagnosis,prognosis,and therapeutic application.

关键词： Microenvironment Colorectal cancer CCN proteins Tumorigenicity Cancer progression

Dual effect of wisp-1 in diverse pathological processes

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Chinese Journal of Cancer research 2016年第6期28卷 553-560页

作者： Mengmeng Feng Shuqin Jia Laboratory of Surgery the Affiliated Hospital Inner Mongolia Medical University Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Molecular Oncology Laboratory Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Center for Molecular Diagnosis Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute

Wnt-1 inducible signaling pathway-1（wisp-1）, also known as CCN-4, belongs to the connective tissue growth factor（CTGF） family. wisp-1 is primarily expressed in embryonic stem cells and is involved in adult organ development. wisp-1 participates in many cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and adhesion. In addition, wisp-1 plays an important role in diverse pathophysiological processes, such as embryonic development, inflammation, injury repairs and cancers. Recent studies showed that wisp-1 was highly correlated with tumor progression and malignant transformation, whereas it played an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer,cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. However, interestingly, wisp-1 exerts a tumorsuppressing role in lung and prostate cancers. wisp-1 promotes cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, invasion,metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via particular signaling pathways. In this review, we discussed the structure, expression profile, functions, clinical significance and potential mechanisms of wisp-1 in cancer and non-neoplastic diseases.

关键词： wisp-1 cancer clinical significance metastasis oncogene tumor suppressor

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A study on the energetic electron precipitation observed by CSES

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2018年第6期2卷 538-547页

作者： YaLu Wang XueMin Zhang XuHui Shen institute of Earthquake Forecasting China Earthquake Administration institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration

High energy particles are the main target of satellite space exploration; particle storm events are closely related to solar activity,cosmic ray distribution, and magnetic storms. The commonly seen energetic particle(electron) precipitation anomalies include mainly the inner and outer Van Allen radiation belts, the South Atlantic Anomaly, and the anomalous stripes excited by artificial electromagnetic waves. The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), launched in February of 2018, provides a platform for studying ionospheric particle disturbances. This paper reports the first studies of electron precipitation phenomenon based on high energy particle data from the CSES. We find that the global distribution of electron fluxes in the low energy band(0.1–3 MeV) can relatively well reflect the anomalous precipitation belt, which is consistent with results based on the DEMETER satellite, indicating that the quality of the lowenergy band payload of the CSES is good. In addition, this paper makes an in-depth study of the electron precipitation belt excited by the NWC artificial VLF electromagnetic transmitter located in Australia, which appears as a typical wisp structure on the energy spectrum. The magnetic shell parameter L corresponding to the precipitation belt ranges from 1.44 to 1.74, which is close to the L value(～1.45) of the NWC transmitter; the energy of the precipitation electrons is between 100 keV and 361.57 keV, among which the precipitation of 213.73 keV electrons is most conspicuous.

关键词： CSES satellite VLF Electron precipitation DEMETER satellite L shell

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基于澳门科学一号卫星的地面人工甚低频波台站导致的南大西洋异常区内辐射带电子“峰”观测

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中国科学:地球科学 2024年

作者：孙翌馨刘鹰宗秋刚郝以鑫邹鸿叶雨光北京大学空间物理与应用技术研究所澳门科技大学月球与行星科学国家重点实验室 Max Planck institute for Solar System research

南大西洋异常区是近地空间中的一个特殊区域,其磁场较弱,能量粒子通量较高.低地球轨道卫星经过此处时面临的空间天气较为恶劣.研究表明,澳大利亚地面甚低频波台站NWC可以改变内辐射带电子投掷角.这些被散射的电子进入漂移损失锥,在南大... 详细信息

南大西洋异常区是近地空间中的一个特殊区域,其磁场较弱,能量粒子通量较高.低地球轨道卫星经过此处时面临的空间天气较为恶劣.研究表明,澳大利亚地面甚低频波台站NWC可以改变内辐射带电子投掷角.这些被散射的电子进入漂移损失锥,在南大西洋异常区外形成局地通量极大值,即“峰(wisp)”,在南大西洋异常区内形成通量局地通量极小值,即“谷(rift-valley)”.本研究使用澳门科学一号卫星数据,发现在南大西洋内部也可以观测局地通量最大的“峰”.得益于澳门科学一号卫星上的中能电子谱仪,我们可以全面地测量低地球轨道处电子的完整投掷角分布.本文认为,南大西洋异常区内的“峰”来自于漂移损失锥外特定投掷角区域内的电子.这一“峰”在前人模型中曾有预测,但由于其特殊投掷角分布范围而无法在从前的卫星观测中得到确认.本文进一步区分了沉降和捕获电子成分,基于二者的比值计算出大约2%～5%的捕获电子在地面甚低频波台站的影响下损失.本文结果补全了地面甚低频波台站散射能量电子投掷角的过程,并定量估计了其效应.

关键词：南大西洋异常区辐射带电子沉降甚低频波台站波粒相互作用

Effect of siRNA on wisp-1 gene expression,proliferation,migration and adhesion of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第10期8卷 803-809页

作者： Jian Ge Xiao-Hua Zhang Fang Wang Yu Wang Qing-Yan Li Wei Tao Guo-Hua Ren Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University School of Nursing Binzhou Vocational College Department of Gastroenterology Zhangqiu People's Hospital Department of Gastroenterology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Department of Medical Oncology Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute

Objective:To study the inhibition effect of siRNA on the expression of wisp-1 gene in Hca-F of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells strain and also its effect on the proliferation,migration and adhesion of hepatocellular carcinoma ***:Three expression vectors of siRNA were ***2000 was employed to transfect Hca-F cells and Western blot was used to detect the inhibition effect of siRNA on the expression of wisp-1 ***,CCK8 was adopted to detect the effect of wisp-1 siRNA on the proliferation of Hca-F cells;Annexin V-FTTC/PI double staining flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of wisp-1 siRNA on the apoptosis of Hca-F cells;Transwell was used to detect the effect of wisp-1 siRNA on the migration of Hca-F *** in vitro cell adhesion kit was used to detect of wisp-1 siRNA on the change in the components of extracellular matrix to which Hca-F cells *** blot was used to detect the activation of protein kinase B(AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3(3pathway and the expression of downstream target protein p53 and matrix metal!***:The siRNA showed interference effect on the expression of wisp-1 *** with the control group,after being transfected to cells,wisp-1 siRNA could significantly inhibit the proliferation,migration and adhesion of Hca-F cells and also promote the cell apoptosis,which was related to the down-regulated phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3β and the expression of p53 and matrix metalIoproteinases-2(Pwisp-1 expression can reduce the proliferation,migration and adhesion of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells,which is related to the AKT/ glycogen synthase kinase-3 β ***-1 gene may be the potential target to cure the hepatocellular carcinoma.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma cells wisp-1 RNA interfer

Overexpression of connective tissue growth factor wisp-1 in Chinese primary rectal cancer patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第28期13卷 3878-3882页

作者： Chao Tian Zong-Guang Zhou Wen-Jian Meng Xiao-Feng Sun Yong-Yang Yu Li Li Hong-Zhi Luo, Lie Yang Bin Zhou Jun Gu Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Division of Digestive Surgery and Organ-Microcirculation West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China Department of Oncology Institute of Biomedicine and Surgery University of Linkoping Linkoping Sweden Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China

AIM： To clarify the expression change of Wnt-induced secreted protein-1 （wisp-l） in human rectal cancer and to determine whether it is correlated with invasion and metastasis of human rectal cancer.METHODS： Eighty-six paired samples of rectal cancer and surgically resected distant normal rectal tissue were collected and allocated into cancer group and control group respectively. wisp-1 mRNA was detected by relative quantitative real-time RT-PCR and wisp-1 protein was examined by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS： wisp-1 gene overexpression was found in 65% （56/86） primary rectal cancers, 2-30 times that of the level in normal matched rectal tissues （P = 0.001）. The mRNA expression level was correlated with Duke＇s staging, histological differentiation grade and lymph node status. The wisp-1 protein expression was in accordance with mRNA expression level. The positive degree of immunohistochemical staining in the cancer group （1.40±0.35） was different from that in control group （1.04± 0.08, P 〈 0.001）. Moreover, in cancer group the positive staining degree in high-level mRNA cancers （1.46 ±0.37, n = 56） was higher than that in low-level mRNA （1.28 ± 0.28, n = 30, P = 0.018）.CONCLUSION： Aberrant levels of wisp-1 expression may play a role in rectal tumorigenesis. wisp-1 may be used as a specific clinical diagnosis and prognosis marker in rectal cancer.

关键词： Wnt-induced secreted protein-1 Rectal cancer Real time RT-PCR Immunohistochemicy