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Distribution Pattern of the Non Polio Enterovirus (NPEV) Rate in Children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis Reported to the Surveillance System in Nigeria 2010-2015

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Health 2018年第7期10卷 907-918页

作者： Bassey Enya Bassey Braka Fiona Ticha Johnson Muluh Komakech William Maleghemi Sylvester Toritseju Ajiboye Oyetunji Akpan Godwin Ubong Angela Okocha-Ejeko Nigeria country office World Health Organization (WHO) Garki Abuja

Objective: This study focuses on the reverse cold chain system of stool sample management from cases reported to the AFP surveillance system between 2010 and 2015. Through the distribution of their NPEV isolation rates, we identify lapses in the reverse cold chain management and provide recommendations that should help improve the reverse cold chain system and the AFP surveillance system in general as Nigeria once again matches towards a polio free certification. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using AFP surveillance data routinely collected between January 2010 and December 2015 by the Disease Surveillance and Notification officers (DSNOs) in Nigeria and the who accredited Polio Laboratories. All AFP cases reported to the Disease Surveillance network during this period from all the states were included in the study. EPIINFO—veritable customized software was used to run queries on the access database and obtain the specific data sets required. Results: A total of 52,879 AFP cases were reported from 2010-2015, in which 7288 non-polio enteroviruses were isolated. NPEV isolation rate ranged from 10.8% in the southeast to 20.3% in the northeast with the states in the northern geopolitical zones having higher NPEV rates in comparison to the states in the southern geopolitical zones. The who Polio laboratory in Ibadan serves twenty-seven states in the country;the average non-polio AFP rate among states served by this laboratory is 11.7% from a total of 4012 AFP cases recorded. The who Polio laboratory in Maiduguri recorded 3276 with an average non-polio AFP rate of 19.2%. Conclusion: Though the country’s NPEV isolation rate remain slightly higher above the 10% recommended by who, steps should be taken to enhance the reverse cold-chain system particularly in the southern states. This would increase confidence in the AFP surveillance system in Nigeria as she proceeds once again towards complete polio eradication and meeting certification standards.

关键词： Non-Polio-Enterovirus-Rate Acute-Flaccid-Paralysis Surveillance Nigeria

Substrate topography as a powerful tool to modify glial cell biology and interactions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1390-1391页

作者： Pascal Achenbach Haktan Altinova Gary A.Brook Institute of Neuropathology RWTH Aachen University Hospital Department of Neurosurgery RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen Germany Berlin State office for Health and Social Affairs(LAGeSo) BerlinGermany

Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system(CNS) result in disruption of the intricate network of axons which connect functionally related neurons that are widely distributed throughout the brain and spinal *** normal conditions,maintenance of this complex system is structurally and functionally supported by astrocytes (ACs)and other glial cells,the processes of which form a framework surrounding neuronal cell bodies,dendrites,axons,and synapses.

关键词： injuries topography system

Review of the malaria epidemiology and trends in Zambia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第2期3卷 89-94页

作者： Freddie Masaninga Emmanuel Chanda Pascalina Chanda-Kapata Busiku Hamainza Hieronymo T Masendu Mulakwa Kamuliwo Wambinji Kapelwa John Chimumbwa John Govere Mac Otten Ibrahima Soce Fall Olusegun Babaniyi World Health Organization(who) Country Office National Mataria Control Centre(NMCC) Ministry of Health HQ Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Zimbabwe Abt Associates Inc. Management Science for Health Chemonics International Malawi Indoor Residual Spraying LLC Inc Public Health International who Regional office for Africa

A comprehensive desk review of malaria trends was conducted between 2000-2010 in Zambia to study malaria epidemiology and trends to guide strategies and approaches for effective malaria *** review considered data from the National Health Information Management System,Malaria Surveys and Programme Review reports and analyzed malaria in-patient cases and deaths in relation to intervention coverage for all *** showed three distinct epidemiological strata after a notable malaria reduction(66%)in in-patient cases and deaths,particularly between *** changes occurred following the(re-)introduction and expansion of indoor residual spraying up to 90%coverage,scale-up of coverage of long-lasting insecticidetreated nets in household from 50%to 70%,and artemisin-based combination therapy ***,malaria cases and deaths re-surged,increasing in 2009-2010 in the northern-eastern parts of *** in the disbursement of funds affected the implementation of interventions,which resulted in resurgence of cases and *** spite of a decline in malaria disease burden over the past decade in Zambia,a reversal in impact is notable in the year 2009-2010,signifying that control gains are fragile and must be sustained toeliminate malaria.

关键词： Malaria Epidemiology Trends Zambia

Mixed Expectations in the Recruitment Settlement during COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Newly Employed Nurses in Oman

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Open Journal of Nursing 2021年第6期11卷 542-556页

作者： Mudhar Al-Adawi Samiha Al-Habsi Nasra Al-Hashmi Salma Al-Bulushi Kamila Al-Alawi Royal Hospital Ministry of Health (MOH) Muscat Oman who-country office Oman Muscat Oman

Introduction: Hospital nurses’ recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for the hospital, the staff themselves and for their families & relatives. Although the world has undergone different pandemics and disasters, the literature has shown that the new nurses still face uncertainty in dealing with health emergencies and disasters that impose significant stress on their performance at work. The situation in Oman is not different and little is known about the newly employed nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The qualitative study was designed to include face to face interviews of the newly employed nurses between May and December 2020 at the biggest tertiary hospital in Muscat, the capital of Oman to explore their experiences and how they confronted the COVID-19 pandemic challenges during their internship period. Result: The data was analyzed through qualitative manifest content analysis and disclosed different experiences which were framed into four contexts: Introductory Nurses Plan, Hospital Environment, Nurses Characters and Nurses Families & Relatives. The negative experiences were mainly related to the intense internship requirements, non-availability of the preceptors, hospital environment and COVID-19 circumstances. On the other hand, the positive experiences were mainly related to their self-motivation, recruitment satisfaction, and family encouragement and support. Conclusion: Clear nurses’ lack of knowledge towards COVID-19 pandemic was disclosed and associated with mixed emotional insights towards themselves, their families and relatives, their preceptors and towards the hospital environment including their preparatory plan. The study identified the nurses’ stressors and motivators that could be addressed with a clear need for preparatory adjustments to support newly employed nurses in future appointments with a lot of involvements shared respons

关键词： COVID-19 Pandemic Experiences Newly Employed Nurses Oman

All-sky Data Assimilation of MWTS-2 and MWHS-2 in the Met office Global NWP System.

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第10期38卷 1682-1694页

作者： Fabien CARMINATI Stefano MIGLIORINI Met office Exeter EX13PBUK

Microwave radiances from passive polar-orbiting radiometers have been,until recently,assimilated in the Met office global numerical weather prediction system after the scenes significantly affected by atmospheric scattering are *** system upgrades have seen the introduction of a scattering-permitting observation operator and the development of a variable observation error using both liquid and ice water paths as proxies of scattering-induced *** to the Fengyun 3 Microwave Temperature Sounder 2(MWTS-2)and the Microwave Humidity Sounder 2(MWHS-2),this methodology increases the data usage by up to 8%at 183 *** also allows for the investigation into the assimilation of MWHS-2118 GHz channels,sensitive to temperature and lower tropospheric humidity,but whose large sensitivity to ice cloud have prevented their use thus *** the impact on the forecast is mostly neutral with small but significant short-range improvements,0.3%in terms of root mean square error,for southern winds and low-level temperature,balanced by 0.2%degradations of short-range northern and tropical low-level temperature,benefits are observed in the background fit of independent instruments used in the *** lower tropospheric temperature sounding Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)channels see a reduction of the standard deviation in the background departure of up to 1.2%.The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A(AMSU-A)stratospheric sounding channels improve by up to 0.5%and the Microwave Humidity Sounder(MHS)humidity sounding channels improve by up to 0.4%.

关键词： microwave remote sensing numerical weather prediction data assimilation Fengyun 3

Innovations in the Implementation of Polio Surveillance Enhancement Plan in Oyo State, Nigeria: Key Benefits, Lessons Learned, Challenges and Opportunities

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Health 2022年第4期14卷 442-455页

作者： Enya Bassey Bassey Walter Kazadi Mulomb Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khedr Rosemary Ifeoma Onyibe Olufunmilola Olawumi Kolude Oluwadare Marcus Oluwabukola Alawale Oluwatobi Adeoluwa Iyanda Omotunde Ogunlaja Taiwo Olabode Ladipo Maxwell Obeka Adeniyi Ayobami Adeniran Oluyinka Motunrayo Dania Olabumuyi Olubumi Olayide Oluwaseun Opeyemi Oni Moshood Babatunde Busari Faith Ehiaghe Ugba Ayobami Desmond Olatimehin Gbenga Stanley Olayinka Abayomi Oluwasegun Ayinde Chinwe Grace Azuka Olufemi Toheeb Okuneye Ahmed Bello World Health Organization (who) Nigeria country office Abuja Nigeria Oyo State Emergency Operation Center Ministry of Health Ibadan Nigeria

Background: Nigeria attained the milestone of being certified wild poliovirus free in the year 2020. However, a drop in the key performance indicators of polio surveillance system was across various Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Oyo State. This drop highlighted the need for an innovative way of enhancing polio surveillance in Oyo State. Methods: This study was conducted in four phases and each phase utilized a cross-sectional study design and purposive sampling technique to select eligible LGAs and participants. LGAs that met at least two of the set-out criteria (had not reported at least a case of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) 12 months preceding the survey, with decline in AFP case detection rate, had not met AFP key indicators, are densely populated, and has an international border) were selected. A concurrent mixed method of data collection was utilized, and quantitative data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire administered using Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) during community active case search, health facility retroactive case search (HFRACS). Qualitative data collection was done through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Surveillance intensification activities were conducted over eight weeks period. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel Software;summarization was done using frequencies and percentages while presentation was done using charts and spot maps. Results: A total of 1277, 49, 259 and 632 settlements, households and health facilities respectively were visited across 24 (73%) LGAs in Oyo State. Of the 150 suspected AFP cases identified, 45 (30%) were rejected cases, 33 (22%) were missed cases and 72 (48%) were true AFP cases. Non-Polio AFP Rate (NP-AFP rate) increased from 2.7 to 6.9 (P Conclusions: Innovative strategies implemented in AFP surveillance across Oyo State have resulted in improvement in AFP surveillance performance indicators in the State. There is therefore the need for dynamic and innovative ways of condu

关键词： Polio-Surveillance-Indicators Enhancement-Plan Innovations AFP-Case-Search

Seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus in Colombo district, Sri Lanka

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第1期11卷 53-57页

作者： Hathshya M Munasingha Ananda Amarasinghe Neelika G Malavige Nalini Sathiakumar Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Public Health Specialist/Medical Epidemiologist Office-WHO Manila Department of Microbiology University of Sri Jayawardenapura

Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus(VZV) antibodies among the population residing in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted which included 1 258 participants. Blood samples were collected and questionnaires administered to obtain sociodemographic information and history of varicella and/or herpes zoster. Serum samples were assayed for VZV IgG antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Overall, the seroprevalence was 54.2%(95% CI= 51.5% 57.0%). Children below 1 year of age were seronegative, and only about 20.0% of children between 1 and 10 years of age were seropositive. Seropositivitiy increased with age and by the age of 40 years 74.3% were seropositive. Among women of childbearing age, the overall seroprevalence was about 62.0%(95% CI = 57.7%-66.1%) but was low 37.0% in the 15-19 age group. Conclusion: In this population, 45.8% lacked natural immunity against varicella. Of women of childbearing age, 39.9% lacked immunity and in the subgroup of women 15-19 years of age, 63.0% women lacked immunity. In light of the country's success with the control and high coverage of other vaccine preventable diseases and that the vaccine is available in the private sector, the inclusion of varicella vaccine in the national immunization program may be considered.

关键词： Colombo district Seroprevalence Sri Lanka Vaccine Varicella

Assessment of Active Case Search of COVID-19 in Healthcare Facilities during the Third Wave of the Pandemic in Ekiti State, Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第2期10卷 10-19页

作者： Eyitayo Ebenezer Emmanuel Ayomide Oluwaseyi Aibinuomo Tope Michael Ipinnimo Mary Oluwasolape Ilesanmi John Ayodeji Adu who Field office Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State

Early case detection and isolation of patients infected with highly infectious diseases through active case search (ACS) are important for early commencement of treatment and control of the disease within a population. This study aimed to assess the ACS of COVID-19 in healthcare facilities during the third wave of the pandemic in Ekiti State, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted in all healthcare facilities in Ekiti State. All cadres of local government primary healthcare workers were trained to carry out the ACS using semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire uploaded on android phone software open data kit (ODK). ACS was conducted between June and September (epidemiological week 23 to 36), 2021 and the collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. P-value officers (LIO) than other cadre of healthcare workers found most missed cases (57.1% and 51.4% respectively) in their visits (p officers alone may not be adequate for ACS, there is a need to involve other local government team member.

关键词： Active Case Search COVID-19 Health Care Facilities Ekiti State

Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Tribal Action Plan Fund Utilisation: How Does Chhattisgarh State in India Fare?

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第1期7卷 1-10页

作者： Gayadhar Mallick Sharath Burugina Nagaraja Karuna D. Sagili Kshitij Khaparde Srinath Satyanarayana Sarabjit Chadha The International Union against TB and Lung Disease New Delhi India ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR Bangalore India who country office New Delhi India

Background: In India, tuberculosis remains as a major public health problem amongst the tribal population. Poor physical access to diagnosis and treatment under the Revised National TB control programme (RNTCP) still remains the problem for the population. RNTCP implements Tribal Action Plan (TAP) for tribal patients. We conducted the study to determine the trends of financial utilisation for the special provisions available under tribal action plan like patient honorarium, incentive for sputum collection and transport, incentive for programme staff and incentive for vehicle maintenance. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on mixed method study approach was conducted in Chhattisgarh, India during Nov. 16 to Jun. 17. District TB officers implementing TAP were interviewed telephonically using a semi-structured questionnaire to ascertain and analyse the reasons for low fund utilization in their districts. Retrospective financial data for five financial years from 13 TAP districts for 2012-2013 to 2016-2017 was collected, compiled and analysed. Results: Overall, the trends on states expenditure on tribal action plan in terms of absolute numbers has increased over the past five years;however, in terms of fund utilization against received ranges from 37% - 86% with the utilization rate less than 44% in the recent years (2014-2017). Conclusion: The trends of utilisation of TAP is less than 44% over the recent years. There is an urgent need for the administrators to intervene and improve the efficiency of fund utilisation at State and district levels.

关键词： Fund Tuberculosis Tribal Action Plan RNTCP India