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Sustainable strategies for Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness in Africa:a case study on lessons learnt in countries neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第6期11卷 60-69页

作者： Caroline S.Ryan Marie‑Roseline D.Belizaire Miriam Nanyunja Olushayo Oluseun Olu Yahaya Ali Ahmed Anderson Latt Matthew Tut Kol Bertrand Bamuleke Jayne Tusiime Nadia Nsabimbona Ishata Conteh Shamiso Nyashanu Patrick Otim Ramadan Solomon Fisseha Woldetsadik Jean‑Pierre Mulunda Nkata Jim T.Ntwari Senya D.Nzeyimana Leopold Ouedraogo Georges Batona Vedaste Ndahindwa Elizabeth A.Mgamb Magdalene Armah Joseph Francis Wamala Argata Guracha Guyo Alex Yao Sokemawu Freeman Alexander Chimbaru Innocent Komakech Muhau Kuku Walter M.Firmino Grace E.Saguti Faraja Msemwa Shikanga O‑Tipo Precious C.Kalubula Ngoy Nsenga Ambrose Otau Talisuna who Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa NairobiKenya who Country Ofce BanguiCentral African Republic who Country Ofce JubaSouth Sudan who Regional Ofce for Africa BrazzavilleCongo who Sub-Regional Ofce for Africa DakarSenegal Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Addis AbabaEthiopia who Country Ofce BrazzavilleCongo who Coun‑try Ofce BujumburaBurundi who Country Ofce AsmaraEritrea who Country Ofce KigaliRwanda who Country Ofce KampalaUganda who Country Ofce LuandaAngola who Country Ofce Dar Es SalaamTanzania who Country Ofce LusakaZambia

Background: From May 2018 to September 2022, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced seven Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks within its borders. During the 10th EVD outbreak (2018–2020), the largest experienced in the DRC and the second largest and most prolonged EVD outbreak recorded globally, a who risk assessment identified nine countries bordering the DRC as moderate to high risk from cross border importation. These countries implemented varying levels of Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions. This case study highlights the gains and shortfalls with the Ebola virus disease preparedness interventions within the various contexts of these countries against the background of a renewed and growing commitment for global epidemic preparedness highlighted during recent World Health Assembly *** text: Several positive impacts from preparedness support to countries bordering the affected provinces in the DRC were identified, including development of sustained capacities which were leveraged upon to respond to the subsequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Shortfalls such as lost opportunities for operationalizing cross-border regional preparedness collaboration and better integration of multidisciplinary perspectives, vertical approaches to response pillars such as surveillance, over dependence on external support and duplication of efforts especially in areas of capacity building were also identified. A recurrent theme that emerged from this case study is the propensity towards implementing short-term interventions during active Ebola virus disease outbreaks for preparedness rather than sustainable investment into strengthening systems for improved health security in alignment with IHR obligations, the Sustainable Development Goals and advocating global policy for addressing the larger structural determinants underscoring these ***: Despite several international frameworks established at the global level for e

关键词： Ebola virus disease Emergency preparedness and response Lessons learned Case study International Health Regulations Democratic Republic of the Congo

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21世纪继续提高人类口腔健康水平(世界卫生组织全球口腔卫生策略)

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中华口腔医学杂志 2004年第6期39卷 441-444页

作者： PoulErikPetersen 朱凌彭彬 who0ralHealthProgramme ChronicDiseaseandHealthPromotionWorldHealthOrganizationGeneva 北京大学口腔医学院预防科，100081

当今世界上除极少数地区外,慢性疾病和伤害已成为最主要的健康问题.这可以归因于那些威胁人类健康的可以预防的主要危险因素.今后几十年里,如果我们能够降低这些危险因素,就可以避免这一类疾病的巨大负担,从而不仅提高民众健康水平,还... 详细信息

当今世界上除极少数地区外,慢性疾病和伤害已成为最主要的健康问题.这可以归因于那些威胁人类健康的可以预防的主要危险因素.今后几十年里,如果我们能够降低这些危险因素,就可以避免这一类疾病的巨大负担,从而不仅提高民众健康水平,还将降低卫生不公平性,促进社会的可持续发展。

关键词： 21世纪口腔健康世界卫生组织口腔卫生

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Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management: Five Years into Implementation of the Sendai Framework

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第2期11卷 206-217页

作者： Natalie Wright Lucy Fagan Jostacio MLapitan Ryoma Kayano Jonathan Abrahams Qudsia Huda Virginia Murray Global Public Health Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK Disaster Risk Management and Resilience Unit Health Security Preparedness DepartmentWorld Health OrganizationGeneva 1211Switzerland who Centre for Health Development(who Kobe Centre) KobeHyogo 651-0073Japan

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 recognizes health at the heart of disaster risk management(DRM)at the global policy *** years on,it has catalyzed the rapid development of the field of Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(Health EDRM)by providing a mandate for building partnerships as well as enhancing scientific *** milestones achieved include publication of the World Health Organization’s Health EDRM Framework,development of the who Thematic Platform for Health EDRM and the who Health EDRM Research Network,and further application of health information principles to ***,health actors at all levels have continued to engage in the Sendai Framework processes and have had a key role in its implementation and proposed *** have been significant gains made through the partnership of health and DRM,but the relationship has not been without its *** national,regional,and global initiatives continue to operate with a lack of consistency and of linkages to respond to the Sendai Framework’s call for embedding health resilience in DRM,and conversely,embedding DRM in health *** this hurdle is important,and doing so will be a key marker of success of the next 10 years of partnership under the Sendai Framework.

关键词： Data collection Disaster risk management Health emergencies Research networks Sendai Framework

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Notes on the Landmark Development of CBR in China

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中国康复医学杂志 2009年第1期24卷 3-4页

作者： Dahong Zhuo, M.D. Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine Sun Yat-Sen University WHO Collaborating Centre for Rehabilitation

Community-based rehabilitation has a history of 22 years in *** spite of the preliminary achievement and experiences obtained by the pioneering and trial projects,it was not until the beginning of the new century that CBR in China experienced a landmark *** is characterized by a number of favorable policy by the government for CBR;the mechanism facilitating primary health care with CBR,a new work-force system of CBR reorganized with better motivation and efficiency,99 demonstration projects of CBR bringing about benchmark promotion effect and the active involvement in CBR by social resources agents.

关键词： CBR 中国医疗卫生行业发展历史

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IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI-HUMAN IgG MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH CONFINED SUBCLASS REACTIVITY

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Science China Chemistry 1984年第8期27卷 818-824页

作者：邹明发林嘉友刘尔翔吴安然 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences who Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Immunology Beijing Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

In a previous paper, 4 hybridoma cell lines (1B3, 2D5, 2A4 and 2B6) secreting antibodiesagainst heavy chain of hmnan IgG were reported. In this paper a more detailed study of theseMcAbs was introduced. First of all they were studied with double immunodiffusion test inagarose and it was demonstrated that they were reactive against 3 distinct antigenic deter-minants of human IgG. This result was also confirmed by ELISA competition test. TheseMeAbs were further analysed for human IgG subclass proteins and it was found that 1B3McAb gave positive reaction with all subclasses of IgG while the other 3 possessed confinedsubclass reactivity, i.e. McAb 2A4 did not react with IgG3 (ealled non-IgG3 McAb), andboth McAbs 2D5 and 2B6 did not react with IgG4 (called non-IgG4 McAb). By agarose immunodiffusion test it was shown that: (i) Only transparent precipitation linewas formed when McAb reacted with IgG antigen, however, in agarose containing 2% PEG-6000, the transparent precipitation line becomes opaque; (ii) When

关键词： IgG OC IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI-HUMAN IgG MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH CONFINED SUBCLASS REACTIVITY

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A rapid reporter assay for recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rhBNP)by GloSensor technology

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第5期8卷 297-301页

作者： Lei Yu Xinchang Shi Chunmei Han Chunming Rao Junzhi Wang National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 100050China who CoUahoration Centre for Biologicals Standardization and Evaluation Beijing 100050China

Accurate determination of biological activity is essential in quality control of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide （rhBNP）. In previous study, we successfully developed a genetically modified cell line 293GCAC3-based ELISA assay for rhBNP. But ELISA procedure is still tedious, so this study was aimed to develop a rapid and simple bioassay for rhBNP using GloSensor technology, which provides a platform of flexible luciferase-based biosensors for real-time detection of signaling events in live cells, including cGMP production. A reporter cell line 293GCAGIo-G1 was constructed by transfecting pGloSensorTM 40 F plasmid into 293GCAC3. The reporter assay based on 293GCAGIo-G1 showed high precision with intraassay CV being 8.3% and inter-assay CV being 14.1%; high accuracy with 80%, 100% and 120% recovery rate being 99.2%, 102.4% and 99.0% respectively; and great linearity with R^2 of linear fitting equation being 0.99. Besides, no significant difference was found in test results of reporter assay and 293GCAC3-based ELISA assay （paired t test,p = 0.630）. All these results suggested that the reporter assay was a viable assay for biological determination of rhBNP.

关键词： RhBNP cGMP GloSensor technology Reporter assay

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Study on healthcare level and its relationship with medical radiation in China

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Radiation Medicine and Protection 2024年第3期5卷 201-206页

作者： Shiyue Cui Yinping Su Hui Xu Quanfu Sun who Collaborating Centre on Radiation and Health National Institute for Radiological ProtectionChina CDCBeijing100088China

Objective:To evaluate the health-care level(HCL),one of the most extensively used indicators to assess the level of medical exposure,and its influencing factors in ***:Based on the data from the China Statistical Yearbook of the National Bureau of Statistics and other public documents,HCL was calculated in terms of the number of physicians per head of population throughout the *** linear regression was used to analyze the association of HCL with main socioeconomic factors,including population size,area,number of administrative divisions and gross domestic product(GDP).Results:Since 2015,there has been at least one physician for every 1,000 people in China on ***,by 2019,there has yet been one physician for more than 1,000 people in each of two *** 2020,there was at least one physician for every 1,000 people across all 31 provincial-level administrative districts(provinces).The population size and GDP were the influencing factors on HCL,with correlation coefficients of 0.416 and-0.583,***,a moderate correlation was found between HCL and the frequency of medical exposure(FME)to ionizing radiation(r=-0.620,P=0.028).Conclusion:There has been at least one physician for every 1,000 people since 2015,but there are great differ-ences between various *** as an indicator to evaluate level of medical exposure is warranted further research in China.

关键词： Health-care level Frequency of medical exposure China

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Male circumcision： towards a World Health Organisation normative practice in resource limited settings

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第5期12卷 628-638页

作者： Tim Hargreave Senior Fellow School of Clinical Science Edinburgh University Scotland UK Technical Adviser to the who RHR -HRP Africa HIV Prevention Male Circumcision Programme

There is now grade 1 evidence that male circumcision （MC） reduces the risk of a man acquiring HIV. Modelling studies indicate MC could in the next 10 years save up to 2 million lives in those African countries with high HIV prevalence. Several African countries are now scaling up public health MC programmes. The most effective immediate public health MC programmes in Africa will need to target 18-20 years old men. In the longer term there is a need for infant circumcision programmes. In order to implement more widespread MC there is a need to make the surgical procedures as simple as possible so that safe operations can be performed by paramedical staff. The who Manual of Male Circumcision under local anaesthetic was written with these objectives in mind. Included in the manual are three adult techniques and four paediatric procedures. The adult procedures are the dorsal slit, the for- ceps guided and the sleeve resection methods. Paediatric methods included are the plastibell technique, the Mogen and Gomco shield method and a standard surgical dorsal slit procedure. Each method is described in a step by step manner with photographic and line drawing illustrations. In addition to the who manual of surgical technique a teaching course has been developed and using this course it has been possible in one week to train a circumcision surgeon who has had no or minimal previous surgical experience. Further scaling will require training of circumcision surgeons, monitoring performance, training the trainer workshops as well as advocacy at national, international and government meetings. In addition to proceeding with standardised methods work is in progress to assess novel techniques in adults such as stay on ring devices and policies are being formulated as to how to assess new devices. Also work is in progress to explore efficiencies in surgical processing by task sharing. Proper informed consent and safety remain paramount and great care has to be taken as programmes in

关键词： Africa HIV male circumcision

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世界卫生组织关于A群脑膜炎球菌多糖结合疫苗的最新指南(2015年2月)

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中国疫苗和免疫 2015年第4期21卷 467-468页

作者：李军宏 who

1背景依据为各成员国提供卫生政策指导意见这一职责,世界卫生组织（World Health Organization,who）就预防具有全球公共卫生影响疾病的疫苗及联合疫苗发布了一系列定期更新的立场文件。2011年发布了关于脑膜炎球菌疫苗（Meningococcal... 详细信息

1背景依据为各成员国提供卫生政策指导意见这一职责,世界卫生组织（World Health Organization,who）就预防具有全球公共卫生影响疾病的疫苗及联合疫苗发布了一系列定期更新的立场文件。2011年发布了关于脑膜炎球菌疫苗（Meningococcal Vaccine,Men V）的立场文件,其中的建议仍然有效。

关键词：脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗联合疫苗免疫策略 Vaccine 常规免疫咨询专家疫苗研究免疫疫苗全球公共卫生

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菲律宾1998～2014年消除麻疹进展

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中国疫苗和免疫 2015年第4期21卷 470-471页

作者：贾海梅马超 who

2005年,世界卫生组织（World Health Organization,who）西太平洋区（Regional for the Western Pacific,WPR）委员会提出了2012年消除麻疹的目标。WPR推荐的消除策略包括：（1）通过常规免疫和补充免疫活动（Supplementary Immunization Activities,SIAs）,保证2剂含麻疹成分疫苗（Measles-containing Vaccine,MCV）接种率均≥95%;（2）高质量病例监测;（3）对疑似麻疹病例标本进行及时、准确的实验室检测，以确诊或排除病例，同时鉴别麻疹病毒基因型；（4）防范和快速应对麻疹爆发以及恰当的病例管理。

关键词：麻疹病毒常规免疫西太平洋区病例监测 Vaccine Measles 疫苗接种麻疹疫情麻疹发病率国家免疫规划

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