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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1480-1487页

作者： Leonidas Brilakis eirini Theofilogiannakou Panagis M Lykoudis School of Medicine National&Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Division of Surgery&Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

During the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,particular interest rose regarding the interaction between metabolic dysfunctionassociated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and the COVID-19 *** studies highlighted the fact that individuals with MAFLD had higher probability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and more severe adverse clinical *** of the proposed mechanisms is the inflammatory response pathway,especially the one involving cytokines,such as interleukin 6,which appeared particularly elevated in those patients and was deemed responsible for additional insult to the already damaged *** should increase our vigilance in terms of early detection,close follow up and early treatment for individuals with MAFLD and COVID-19 *** the direction of early diagnosis,biomarkers such as cytokeratin-18 and scoring systems such as Fibrosis-4 index score are ***-19 is a newly described entity,expected to be of concern for the years to come,and MAFLD is a condition with an ever-increasing *** the interaction between these two entities should be brought into the focus of *** morbidity and mortality of patients with COVID-19 and MAFLD should be the ultimate objective,and the optimal way to achieve this is by designing evidence-based prevention and treatment policies.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease COVID-19 Liver fibrosis Cytokine storm Drug induced liver injury

Microbially-mediated formation of Ca-Fe carbonates during dissimilatory ferrihydrite reduction:Implications for the origin of sedimentary ankerite

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Science China earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 208-221页

作者： Deng LIU Jinpeng CAO Shanshan YANG Yating YIN Pengcong WANG Dominic PAPINeAU Hongmei WANG Xuan QIU Genming LUO Zongmin ZHU Fengping WANG State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China London Centre for Nanotechnology University College LondonLondon WC1H 0AHUK Department of earth Sciences University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for Planetary Sciences University College London and Birkbeck College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The origin of sedimentary dolomite has become a long-standing problem in the earth *** carbonate minerals like ankerite have the same crystal structure as dolomite,hence their genesis may provide clues to help solving the dolomite *** purpose of this study was to probe whether microbial activity can be involved in the formation of ***-carbonation experiments associated with microbial iron reduction were performed in batch systems with various concentrations of Ca^(2+)(0–20 mmol/L),with a marine iron-reducing bacterium Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 as the reaction mediator,and with lactate and ferrihydrite as the respective electron donor and *** biomineralization data showed that Ca-amendments expedited microbially-mediated ferrihydrite reduction by enhancing the adhesion between WP3 cells and ferrihydrite *** bioreduction,siderite occurred as the principal secondary mineral in the Ca-free ***,Ca-Fe carbonates were formed when Ca^(2+)ions were *** CaCO_(3) content of microbially-induced Ca-Fe carbonates was positively correlated with the initial Ca2+*** Ca-Fe carbonate phase produced in the 20 mmol/L Ca-amended biosystems had a chemical formula of Ca_(0.8)Fe_(1.2)(CO_(3))_(2),which is close to the theoretical composition of *** ankeritelike phase was nanometric in size and spherical,Ca-Fe disordered,and structurally *** simulated diagenesis experiments further demonstrated that the resulting ankerite-like phase could be converted into ordered ankerite under hydrothermal *** introduced the term“proto-ankerite”to define the Ca-Fe phases that possess near-ankerite stoichiometry but disordered cation *** the basis of the present study,we proposed herein that microbial activity is an important contributor to the genesis of sedimentary ankerite by providing the metastable Ca-Fe carbonate precursors.

关键词： Ankerite Proto-ankerite Microbial iron reduction Dolomite problem Mineral transformation

Overcoming geographical and socioeconomic limitations in colorectal cancer screening

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1683-1689页

作者： Sofia Rozani Panagis M Lykoudis School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Despite colorectal cancer’s(CRC)high global incidence,residents of low-and middle-income countries,as well as low-income minorities in advanced economies have low screening *** studies demonstrate that in these groups higher incidence of CRC is observed,yet screening rates remain low for consistent *** income,low educational background,and lack of awareness in combination with inadequate social security of certain population groups impede access and compliance rates to CRC *** the other hand,despite the global availability of multiple screening approaches(colonoscopy,sigmoidoscopy,faecal occult blood test,faecal immunochemical test,computed tomography-colonography,etc.)with proven diagnostic validity,many low-income countries still lack established screening *** absence of screening guidelines in these countries along with the heterogeneity of guidelines in the rest of the world,demonstrate the need for global measures to tackle this issue *** essential step forward is to develop a global approach that will link specific elements of screening with the incidence and available resources in each country,to ensure the achievement of at least a minimum screening program in low-income *** cheaper,cost-effective techniques,which can be carried out by less specialized healthcare providers,might not be equivalent to endoscopy for CRC screening but seems more realistic for areas with fewer *** has been highlighted as the most pivotal element for the effective implementation of any screening program concerning ***,multiple studies have demonstrated that outreach strategies and community-based educational programs are associated with encouraging outcomes,yet a centrally coordinated expansion of these programs could provide more consistent ***,patient navigator programs,wherever implemented,have increased CRC screening and improved ***,global coordin

关键词： Colorectal cancer Screening Low-and middle-income countries Socioeconomic disparities Cancer

Bringing gut microbiota into the spotlight of clinical research and medical practice

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第14期12卷 2293-2300页

作者： efstathia Davoutis Zoi Gkiafi Panagis M Lykoudis School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Despite the increasing scientific interest and expanding role of gut microbiota(GM)in human health,it is rarely reported in case reports and deployed in cli-nical *** and metabolites produced by microbiota contribute to im-mune system development,energy homeostasis and ***-and endoge-nous factors can alter its *** of microbiota,also known as dysbiosis,is associated with various pathological *** bacterial taxa and related metabolites are involved in disease pathogenesis and therefore can serve as a diagnostic *** could also be a useful prognostic factor by predicting future disease onset and preventing hospital-associated ***-ditionally,it can influence response to treatments,including those for cancers,by altering drug bioavailability.A thorough understanding of its function has per-mitted significant development in therapeutics,such as probiotics and fecal ***,GM should be considered as a ground-breaking biological parameter,and it is advisable to be investigated and reported in literature in a more consistent and systematic way.

关键词： Gut microbiota Biomarker Fecal microbiota transplantation Dysbiosis Prebiotics

A study on carbon emission calculation in operation stage of residential buildings based on micro electricity usage behavior:Three case studies in China

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 147-164页

作者： Menghan Niu Ying Ji Miao Zhao Jiefan Gu Aonan Li Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built environment and energy efficient Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China The Bartlett School of Architecture University College LondonWC1E 6BTUK

Along with the improvement of social productivity and living standard,residential buildings generate a growing portion of carbon emissions,especially during the operation ***,energy use behaviors are usually ignored in carbon emission *** study focuses on calculating carbon emissions during the operation stage for residential buildings based on the characteristics of energy use behaviors in different ***,we investigated energy use behaviors in dwellings across three cities in China:Xi'an,Shanghai and ***,we established calibrated carbon emission models and optimization models with different green building measures for residential *** results of this research reveal a significant disparity between the energy usage habits of residents in different climate *** carbon emissions of residential electricity bills in Xi'an,Shanghai and Fuzhou are 13.6 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a)(excluding central heating),29.3 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a)and 17.2 kgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·a),*** carbon emissions account for 32.2%-64.1% of the *** comparison to the model based on internal standard setting,the accuracy of the models using actual internal has improved by 25.9%-37.4%.The three-star green building methods have the highest carbon reduction rate among different star buildings,the emission reduction rates are around 30%.This study's findings are useful for carbon emission calculation and green building design of residential buildings in the future.

关键词： residential building energy usage behavior energy simulation carbon emissions

Integrated Stratigraphy and Mineralogy of the Doushantuo Formation in Weng’an,South China,and Implications for ediacaran Phosphogenesis

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Journal of earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 476-503页

作者： Liangxuan Jiao Zhenbing She Dominic Papineau Yaguan Zhang Matthew S.Dodd Kenan Cao Qun Chen Guoyong Chen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan430078China School of earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430047China London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London17-19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK Department of earth Sciences University College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK Centre for Planetary Science University College London and Birkbeck CollegeLondonWC1E 7HXUK Innovation Center of Ore Resources exploration Technology in the Region of Bedrock Ministry of Natural Resources of People’s Republic of China’Guiyang550000China Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral exploration and Development Guiyang550000China

The ediacaran–Cambrian Phosphogenic episode is the earth’s first true phosphogenic event and resulted in worldwide phosphate deposits,which occurred during the processes of the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation *** ediacaran Doushantuo Formation(ca.635–551 Ma)of Weng’an area in central Guizhou,South China,contains two economic phosphorite beds(the Lower and Upper Phosphorite Beds).This paper presents a detailed stratigraphic,sedimentological and mineralogical study of multiple outcrop and drill core sections of the Doushantuo Formation across the Weng’an area,and identified 11 lithofacies and 4 types of phosphatic *** differences in lithofacies and grain types between the upper and lower phosphate deposits are observed,indicating that the two sets of phosphate deposits are the products of two distinct phosphogenic *** Lower Phosphorite Bed mainly consists of banded and laminated phosphorites,contains micro-oncoids formed by microbially-mediated precipitation and peloids formed by in-situ chemically oscillating reactions,indicating a biochemical and chemical enrichment of phosphorus to sediments during the early ediacaran *** Upper Phosphorite Bed is mainly composed of carbonaceous,massive,and stromatolitic phosphorites,contains bioclasts(phosphatized spheroidal fossils),and intraclasts formed by hydrodynamic agitation,suggesting that the major accesses of phosphorus to sediments were the remineralization of organic *** of the two economic phosphorite beds was controlled by two sea-level *** differences have also been documented in contemporaneous phosphate-bearing successions in Brazil and Mangolia,indicating a significant shift in global phosphogenic mechanism during the early and middle ediacaran,which may be due to the changes in redox conditions in seawater,associated with the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation *** regional active P-cycle processes could produce more free oxygen,which may have contributed to the up

关键词： phosphorite lithofacies phosphatic grains phosphogenic paragenesis phosphorus cycle mineralogy

The stance and factors of international organizations towards countries from a Chinese perspective

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Data Intelligence 2024年第1期6卷 158-182页

作者： Qin Zhang Haili Xue Yaotian Wang Yao Wang Ziqin Zhang Qinghua Qin Haoguang Liang National Science Library Chinese Academy of Sciences100190China China Center for Modernization Research 100190China Beijing International Studies University 100024China Beijing Key Laboratory of National Belt and Road Data Analysis and Decision Support 100024China University College London WC1E 6BTUK

The degree and scope of constraints imposed by International Organizations(IOs)on States are increasing,and identifying the factors affecting the IOs’stances on States is helpful to enhance the state's discourse power and influence in the international ***,by coding the records of Regular Press Conferences of the Speaking Office of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs during the period of 20182022,we obtained a dataset of IOs’stances on China-related ***,we constructed political relation,economic relation,and humanistic relation indicators to complement the influence factors,adopted the Bayesian logit model,and applied the Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm and Gibbs sampling to analyze the probability of IOs’positive stances towards *** result shows that IOs’category,length of establishment,functional position,and relationship with China are all related to their tendency of making a statement about *** terms of the heterogeneity of event types,forum-type IOs are significantly inclined to give positive assessment compared to service-type IOs on events focusing on China's own *** analysis reveals that the model for analyzing and predicting the attitudes of IOs is more effective when the international situation is in a stable period.

关键词： Bayesian Logit Model IOs' stances Attitude analysis Monte Carlo Markov chain International relation indicator

Wind disturbance compensated path-following control for fixed-wing UAVs in arbitrarily strong winds

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 431-445页

作者： Hao LU Lan GAO Yunda YAN Mingzhe HOU Chenliang WANG Hangzhou Innovation Institute Beihang UniversityHangzhou 310051China School of Information Science and Technology Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China Department of Computer Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom Center for Control Theory and Guidance Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Automation Science and electrical engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Wind is the primary challenge for low-speed fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles to follow a predefined flight *** cope with various wind conditions,this paper proposes a wind disturbance compensated path following control strategy where the wind disturbance estimate is incorporated with the nominal guiding vector field to provide the desired airspeed direction for the *** the control input vector for the outer-loop kinematic subsystem needs to satisfy a magnitude constraint,a scaling mechanism is introduced to tune the proportions of the compensation and nominal ***,an optimization problem is formulated to pursue a maximum wind compensation in strong winds,which can be solved analytically to yield two scaling factors.A cascaded inner-loop tracking controller is also designed to fulfill the outer-loop wind disturbance compensated guiding vector ***-fidelity simulation results under sensor noises and realistic winds demonstrate that the proposed path following algorithm is less sensitive to sensor noises,achieves promising accuracy in normal winds,and mitigates the deviation from a desired path in wild winds.

关键词： Path following Guiding vector field Wind disturbance Disturbance rejection Fixed wings

Data,digital worlds,and the avatarization of health care

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Global Health Journal 2024年第1期8卷 1-3页

作者： Jane Thomason Industry Associate Centre for Blockchain TechnologiesUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Significant technological trends are impacting health care,from consumerisation,datafication,circular economy,and platformization of *** 3.0,or the Internet of Value,enables direct peer-to-peer value exchange,opening up new business models that will impact health *** the many technologies that will also be part of the healthcare transformation is artificial intelligence,which shocked the world with the debut of ChatGPT in *** opinion piece will explore how AI underpins the health transformation and,far from being an enemy of health,is the critical friend health care has been waiting for.

关键词： Avatarization Artificial intelligence Big Tech ChatGPT Consumerization 5G Healthcare

Bioinspired supramolecular macrocycle hybrid membranes with enhanced proton conductivity

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 797-805页

作者： Pengfei Yang Linlin Xu Panagiotis Trogadas Marc-Olivier Coppens Yang Lan Centre for Nature Inspired engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

enhancing the proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes(PeMs)is essential to expand the applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PeMFCs).Inspired by the proton conduction mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin,cucurbit[n]urils(CB[n],where n is the number of glycoluril units,n=6,7,or 8)are introduced into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)(SPeeK)matrix to fabricate hybrid PeMs,employing a nature-inspired chemical engineering(NICe)*** carbonyl groups of CB[n]act as proton-conducting sites,while the host–guest interaction between CB[n]and water molecules offers extra protonconducting ***,the molecular size of CB[n]aids in their dispersion within the SPeeK matrix,effectively bridging the unconnected proton-conducting sulfonic group domains within the SPeeK ***,all hybrid membranes exhibit significantly enhanced proton ***,the SPeeK membrane incorporating 1 wt.%CB[8](CB[8]/SPeeK-1%)demonstrates the highest proton conductivity of 198.0 mS·cm^(−1) at 60°C and 100%relative humidity(RH),which is 228%greater than that of the pure SPeeK membrane under the same ***,hybrid membranes exhibit superior fuel cell *** CB[8]/SPeeK-1%membrane achieves a maximum power density of 214 mW·cm^(−2),representing a 140%improvement over the pure SPeeK membrane(89 mW·cm^(−2))at 50°C and 100%*** findings serve as a foundation for constructing continuous proton-conducting pathways within membranes by utilizing supramolecular macrocycles as fuel cell electrolytes and in other applications.

关键词： supramolecular macrocycle proton conductivity cucurbit[n]uril proton exchange membrane fuel cell