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Impact of inorganic and organic pollutants from a Belgian wastewater treatment plant on adjacent surface and groundwaters

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 75-90页

作者： Mingyue Luo Yiqi Su Delphine Jenny Vandeputte Yuwei Jia Guanlei Li Willy Baeyens Marijke Huysmans Marc Elskens Yue Gao Analytical Environmental and Geo-Chemistry Department(AMGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering(HYDR) Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium

Under the pressure of global droughts and water shortage,it is essential to evolve toward a sustainable and robust water system.One possible avenue is the maximum reuse of treated wastewater,but the quality of which determines its reuse.Therefore,inorganic(Cd,Pb,Cr,Ni,Cu,and As)and organic(xenoestrogens and polycyclic aromatic contaminants,PACs)contaminants were monthly monitored in an effluent of the wastewater treatment plant(WWTP),the surrounding surface waters and the local groundwater in Belgium.Dissolved and particulate concentrations of inorganic contaminants in these water bodies were analyzed.In addition,Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films(DGT)was used in situ to obtain bioavailable metal fractions.In the WWTP effluent and surface waters,only Ni exceeds the Annual Average-Environmental Quality Standard(AA-EQS),while in the groundwater,dissolved As was the predominant element.Moreover,in the surface and effluent waters the highest lability degrees were observed for Cd and Ni.The concentrations of these metal species in the effluent water were lower than in the other water bodies.Micro-organic pollutants,xenoestrogens and PACs were analyzed by dual Estrogen and Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor-Chemical Activated LUciferase gene eXpression(ER&AhR-CALUX)assays.Since the annual averaged(AA)bioequivalent concentration of E2(0.18 ng/L)is below the AA-EQS standard(0.4 ng/L),and the bioequivalent concentration of benzo[a]pyrene never exceeded the maximum admissible concentration(MAC),the reclamation and reuse of treated wastewater for groundwater replenishment and agricultural irrigation should pose no environmental problems,at least in a short-term.

关键词： Metal contaminants DGT Labile metal fractions ERE/AhR-CALUX BEQ Xenoestrogens and polycyclic aromatic contaminants

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Sturge–Weber syndrome:an update for the pediatrician

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期20卷 435-443页

作者： Emilie Dingenen Damien Segers Hannelore De Maeseneer Dirk Van Gysel Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences GhentBelgium Department of Pediatrics O.L.Vrouw Hospital AalstMoorselbaan 1649300AalstBelgium Interdisciplinary Unit of Pediatric Dermatology Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB)Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel(UZ Brussel)BrusselsBelgium

Sturge–Weber syndrome(SWS)is a rare congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the simultaneous presence of both cutaneous and extracutaneous capillary malformations.SWS usually presents as a facial port-wine birthmark,with a varying presence of leptomeningeal capillary malformations and ocular vascular abnormalities.The latter may lead to significant neurological and ocular morbidity such as epilepsy and glaucoma.SWS is most often caused by a somatic mutation involving the G protein subunit alpha Q or G protein subunit alpha 11 gene causing various alterations in downstream signaling pathways.We specifically conducted a comprehensive review focusing on the current knowledge of clinical practices,the latest pathophysiological insights,and the potential novel therapeutic avenues they provide.Data sources A narrative,non-systematic review of the literature was conducted,combining expert opinion with a balanced review of the available literature.A search of PubMed,Google Scholar and Embase was conducted,using keywords“Sturge–Weber Syndrome”OR“SWS”,“Capillary malformations”,“G protein subunit alpha 11”OR“G protein subunit alpha Q”.Results One of the hallmark features of SWS is the presence of a port-wine birthmark at birth,and forehead involvement is most indicative for SWS.The most common ocular manifestations of SWS are glaucoma and choroidal hemangioma.Glaucoma presents in either in infancy(0–3 years of age)or later in life.Neurological complications are common in SWS,occurring in about 70%–80%of patients,with seizures being the most common one.SWS significantly impacts the quality of life for patients and their families,and requires a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and treatment.Currently,no disease-modifying therapies exist,and treatment is mostly focused on symptoms or complications as they arise.Conclusions SWS remains a complex and heterogeneous disorder.Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies,and to translate insights from molecular pathogenesis to clin

关键词： Capillary malformations G-protein Gq-G11 Port-wine birthmark Neurocutaneous disorder Sturge-Weber syndrome

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Single-atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons and oxygenates

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 64-117页

作者： Karl Adrian Gandionco Juwon Kim Lieven Bekaert Annick Hubin Jongwoo Lim Department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering(SURF) Department of Materials and ChemistryVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide offers a sound and economically viable technology for the electrification and decarbonization of the chemical and fuel industries.In this technology,an electrocatalytic material and renewable energy-generated electricity drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.Over the past few years,single-atom catalysts have been intensively studied as they could provide near-unity atom utilization and unique catalytic performance.Single-atom catalysts have become one of the state-of-the-art catalyst materials for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide.However,it remains a challenge for single-atom catalysts to facilitate the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide into products beyond carbon monoxide.In this review,we summarize and present important findings and critical insights from studies on the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction into hydrocarbons and oxygenates using single-atom catalysts.It is hoped that this review gives a thorough recapitulation and analysis of the science behind the catalysis of carbon dioxide into more reduced products through singleatom catalysts so that it can be a guide for future research and development on catalysts with industry-ready performance for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.

关键词： electrocatalysis electrochemical CO_(2)reduction hydrocarbons oxygenates single-atom catalysts

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Step-up approach in emphysematous hepatitis: A case report

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第2期14卷 464-470页

作者： Silke Francois Maridi Aerts Hendrik Reynaert Ruth Van Lancker Johan Van Laethem Rastislav Kunda Nouredin Messaoudi Department of Gastroenterology Universitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels 1090Belgium Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels 1090Belgium Department of Intensive Care Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels 1090Belgium Department of Infectious Diseaeses Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels 1090Belgium Department of Surgery Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels 1090Belgium Department of Surgery Europe HospitalsBrussels 1180Belgium

BACKGROUND Emphysematous hepatitis(EH)is a rare,rapidly progressive fulminant gasforming infection of the liver parenchyma.It is often fatal and mostly affects diabetes patients.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of EH successfully managed by a step-up approach consisting of aggressive hemodynamic support,intravenous antibiotics,and percutaneous drainage,ultimately followed by laparoscopic deroofing.Of 11 documented cases worldwide,only 1 of the patients survived,treated by urgent laparotomy and surgical debridement.CONCLUSION EH is a life-threatening infection.Its high mortality rate makes timely diagnosis essential,in order to navigate treatment accordingly.

关键词： Emphysematous hepatitis Septic shock Step-up approach Percutaneous drainage Laparoscopic deroofing Case report

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Matrix Roots and Embedding Conditions for Three-State Discrete-Time Markov Chains with Complex Eigenvalues

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2022年第3期10卷 435-450页

作者： Marie-Anne Guerry Department of Business Technology and Operations Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium

The present paper examines matrix root properties and embedding conditions for discrete-time Markov chains with three states and a transition matrix having complex eigenvalues.Necessary as well as sufficient conditions for the existence of an m-th stochastic root of the transition matrix are investigated.Matrix roots are expressed in analytical form based on the spectral decomposition of the transition matrix,and properties of these matrix roots are proved.

关键词： Markov chain Embedding problem Matrix root Complex eigenvalues

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Safe reinforcement learning for multi-energy management systems with known constraint functions

能源与人工智能(英文)

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2023年第2期12卷 86-102页

作者： Glenn Ceusters Luis Ramirez Camargo Rüdiger Franke Ann Nowé Maarten Messagie ABB Hoge Wei 271930 ZaventemBelgium vrije universiteit brussel(VUB) ETEC-MOBIPleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium vrije universiteit brussel(VUB) AI-labPleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development-Utrecht University Princetonlaan 8a3584CB UtrechtNetherlands

Reinforcement learning(RL)is a promising optimal control technique for multi-energy management systems.It does not require a model a priori-reducing the upfront and ongoing project-specific engineering effort and is capable of learning better representations of the underlying system dynamics.However,vanilla RL does not provide constraint satisfaction guarantees—resulting in various potentially unsafe interactions within its environment.In this paper,we present two novel online model-free safe RL methods,namely SafeFallback and GiveSafe,where the safety constraint formulation is decoupled from the RL formulation.These provide hard-constraint satisfaction guarantees both during training and deployment of the(near)optimal policy.This is without the need of solving a mathematical program,resulting in less computational power requirements and more flexible constraint function formulations.In a simulated multi-energy systems case study we have shown that both methods start with a significantly higher utility compared to a vanilla RL benchmark and Optlayer benchmark(94,6%and 82,8%compared to 35,5%and 77,8%)and that the proposed SafeFallback method even can outperform the vanilla RL benchmark(102,9%to 100%).We conclude that both methods are viably safety constraint handling techniques applicable beyond RL,as demonstrated with random policies while still providing hard-constraint guarantees.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Constraints Multi-energy systems Energy management system

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Co-stability of Radicals and Its Applications to PI-Theory

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Algebra Colloquium 2016年第3期23卷 481-492页

作者： A.S. Gordienko vrije universiteit brussel Belgium

We prove that if A is a finite-dimensional associative H-comodule algebra over a field F for some involutory Hopf algebra H not necessarily finite-dimensional, where either char F = 0 or char F 〉 dim A, then the Jacobson radical J（A） is an H-subcomodule of A. In particular, if A is a finite-dimensional associative Mgebra over such a field F, graded by any group, then the Jacobson radical J（A） is a graded ideal of A. Analogous results hold for nilpotent and solvable radicals of finite-dimensional Lie algebras over a field of characteristic 0. We use the results obtained to prove the analog of Amitsur＇s conjecture for graded polynomial identities of finite-dimensional associative algebras over a field of characteristic 0, graded by any group. In addition, we provide a criterion for graded simplicity of an associative algebra in terms of graded codimensions.

关键词： radicals polynomial identity grading H-comodule algebra codimension

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Spatially explicit urban green indicators for characterizing vegetation cover and public green space proximity: a case study on brussels, Belgium

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第8期10卷 798-813页

作者： Tim Van de Voorde Department of Geography Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium

Cities often have a substantial green infrastructure,which provides local ecosystem services that improve the quality of life of urban residents.These services should be explicitly addressed in urban development policies,and areas with insufficient vegetation and limited access to public green spaces should be identified.This paper presents two spatially explicit urban green indicators that are derived using remote sensing imagery,freely available map data and spatial analysis tools from open source geospatial libraries and commercial software.The first indicator represents proportional green cover(public as well as private)in the vicinity of each building within a city.The second indicator quantifies the proximity of public green spaces as walking distances from buildings to actual park entrances.A dasymetric mapping approach was used to take spatial variations in population density into account.This allows representing the indicators from the perspective of citizens instead of buildings,which may be more meaningful for deriving statistics at city level or at the level of neighbourhoods or administrative zones.The potential use of these indicators in a planning context is discussed on a case study carried out for the city of brussels,Belgium.

关键词： Urban green urban ecosystem services geographic information systems vegetation indicators

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Homing and migration of mesenchymal stromal cells: How to improve the efficacy of cell therapy?

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第3期8卷 73-87页

作者： Ann De Becker Ivan Van Riet Department Clinical HematologyStem Cell Laboratory Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) are currently being investigated for use in a wide variety of clinical applications. For most of these applications, systemic delivery of the cells is preferred. However, this requires the homing and migration of MSCs to a target tissue. Although MSC hominghas been described, this process does not appear to be highly efficacious because only a few cells reach the target tissue and remain there after systemic administration. This has been ascribed to low expression levels of homing molecules, the loss of expression of such molecules during expansion, and the heterogeneity of MSCs in cultures and MSC culture protocols. To overcome these limitations, different methods to improve the homing capacity of MSCs have been examined. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC homing, with a particular focus on homing to bone marrow. In addition, we summarize the strategies that have been developed to improve this process. A better understanding of MSC biology, MSC migration and homing mechanisms will allow us to prepare MSCs with optimal homing capacities. The efficacy of therapeutic applications is dependent on efficient delivery of the cells and can, therefore, only benefit from better insights into the homing mechanisms.

关键词： Mesenchymal stromal cells Homing Bone marrow Homing receptors Extravasation

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Equivalences between Categories of Modules and Categories of Comodules

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2008年第10期24卷 1655-1674页

作者： Joost VERCRUYSSE vrije universiteit brussel VUB Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussel Belgium

We show the close connection between apparently different Galois theories for comodules introduced recently in [J. Gomez-Torrecillas and J. Vercruysse, Comatrix corings and Galois Comodules over firm rings, Algebr. Represent. Theory, 10 （2007）, 271 306] and [Wisbauer, On Galois comodules, Comm. Algebra 34 （2006）, 2683-2711]. Furthermore we study equivalences between categories of comodules over a coring and modules over a firm ring. We show that these equivalences are related to Galois theory for comodules.

关键词： Galois comodules comatrix corings firm projectivity

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