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Climate chamber investigation of the effect of indoor thermal histories on thermal adaptation in different seasons

Energy and Built Environment 2024年第3期5卷 455-463页

作者： Yuxin Wu Angchen Jiang Hong Liu Baizhan Li Risto Kosonen School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310018China Joint international Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments(Ministry of Education) Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China National Centre for international Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings(Ministry of Science and Technology) Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Department of Mechanical Engineering Aalto UniversityEspoo 02150Finland College of Urban Construction Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China

The indoor thermal history of residents in the hot summer and cold winter climate zone in China have undergone a significant change in recent years,which also changes their seasonal thermal adaptations and this has formed feed-back effects to the increasing usage of air conditioning units in this *** study the seasonal variations of thermal adaptation,the thermal comfort experiments were conducted on two groups of *** groups included 20 participants who had indoor history mainly with natural ventilation(nv group)and air-conditioning(AC group),*** results demonstrated that the thermal sensation vote(TSV)in warm environments did not differ between AC and nv subjects in ***,the TSV of AC subjects were much lower than that of nv subjects in the same standard effective temperature and skin temperature in a cold environment in ***,the participants who spent most of their time in AC space in winter showed a low level of thermal adaptation with a narrower acceptable skin temperature range of 32.6-33.5℃.Thus,this study presents the basic information regarding the seasonal effects on human thermal adaptation due to different long-term indoor thermal histories.

关键词： Skin temperature Thermal experience Thermal comfort Cold acclimation Hot summer and cold winter

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Spin Evolution of the Magnetar SGR J1935+2154

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 201-211页

作者： Ming-Yu Ge Yuan-Pei Yang Fang-Jun Lu Shi-Qi Zhou Long Ji Shuang-Nan Zhang Bing Zhang Liang Zhang Pei Wang Kejia Lee Weiwei Zhu Jian Li Xian Hou Qiao-Chu Li Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China South-Western Institute For Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Stellar and Interstellar Physics and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Astronomy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Fast radio bursts(FRBs)are short pulses observed in radio frequencies usually originating from cosmological *** discovery of FRB 200428 and its X-ray counterpart from the Galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154suggests that at least some FRBs can be generated by ***,the majority of X-ray bursts from magnetars are not associated with radio *** fact that only in rare cases can an FRB be generated raises the question regarding the special triggering mechanism of *** we report long time spin evolution of SGR J1935+2154 until the end of *** to v and v,the spin evolution of SGR J1935+2154 could be divided into two *** first stage evolves relatively steady evolution until 2020 April *** the burst activity in2020,the spin of SGR J1935+2154 shows strong variations,especially for *** the burst activity in 2022October,a new spin-down glitch with△v/v=(-7.2±0.6)×10^(-6)is detected around MJD 59876,which is the second event in SGR J1935+*** the end,spin frequency and pulse profile do not show variations around the time of FRB 200428 and radio bursts 221014 and 221021,which supply strong clues to constrain the trigger mechanism of FRBs or radio bursts.

关键词： (stars:)pulsars:general (stars:)pulsars:individual(SGR J1935+2154) X-rays:bursts

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Nutritional Support of Dogs and Cats after Surgery or Illness

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第4期4卷 44-57页

作者： Ronald J. Corbee Wim J. S. Van Kerkhoven Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Yalelaan Utrecht The Netherlands viyo international nv Ijzerenpoortkaai 3 Antwerpen Belgium

Nutritional support early during the postoperative period or after onset of illness decreases the mortality rate and shortens the duration of hospitalization of dogs and cats. The preferred feeding route is dependent on the condition of the patient. If there are no contraindications, every patient must receive nutritional support, at least consistent with the resting energy requirement (RER). Several nutrients may be beneficial during healing and recovery from illness or surgery, but further research is needed to empirically certify the effects of these nutrients in critically ill patients.

关键词： Recovery Food Supplementation Nutrition Nutraceuticals

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Influence of a Liquid Nutritional Supplement on Water Intake in Experimental Beagle Dogs

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2016年第4期6卷 69-74页

作者： Christelle Rotat Estelle Lhoest Anaelle Rauw Marjorie Dequenne Wim Van Kerkhoven Marianne Diez Nutrition Unit Department of Animal Production Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium viyo international nv Ijzerenpoortkaai Antwerpen Belgium

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of a liquid nutritional supplement formulated for dogs on water intakes and urine output. A liquid nutritional supplement was tested by way of a cross-over design in 8 experimental healthy Beagle dogs (4 males and 4 females, aged 9.3 years). The supplement (87 percent water, 2.7 percent protein, 2.6 percent fat, 0.4 percent crude fiber) was added to water and tested at 2 incorporation rates (50 or 70 ml/day/dog—D50 or D70) versus the control placebo (CO-water only). The dogs were kept in a controlled environment;water intakes and urine output were measured. Individual water intakes were characterised by large variations. Mean water intake increased significantly by 28 percent in dogs receiving the liquid nutritional supplement, in both genders, irrespectively of the dosage. Urine output was also increased, by 55 percent. Faeces scores remained unchanged. It was concluded that the liquid supplement increased water intake and urine output in a safe way, without increasing dramatically the daily dietary sodium chloride intake. The recommended dosage of the manufacturer—50 ml/day for dogs weighing 10 - 20 kg BW is efficient. Increasing the dosage had no advantage, nor adverse effects. Increased water intake and urine output is of interest for dogs suffering from urolithiasis.

关键词： Dog Water Intake Liquid Supplement Urine Output

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK international Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Dilution sampling and analysis of particulate matter in biomass-derived syngas

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011年第3期5卷 320-330页

作者： Xiaoliang WANG Curtis ROBBINS S.Kent HOEKMAN Judith C.CHOW John G.WATSON Dennis SCHUETZLE Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute(DRI)RenoNV 89512USA Renewable Energy Institute International(REII)McClellanCA 95652USA

Thermochemical biomass gasification,followedby conversion of the produced syngas to fuels andelectrical power,is a promising energy *** of particulate matter(PM)and othercontaminants in the syngas is important to minimizedamage and ensure efficient operation of the engines itpowers and the fuels created from it.A dilution samplingsystem is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generatedfrom two gasification plants utilizing different biomassfeedstocks:a BioMax®15 Biopower System that uses rawand torrefied woodchips as feedstocks,and an integratedbiorefinery(IBR)that uses rice hulls and woodchips ***_(2.5)mass concentrations in syngas from theIBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8-13.7μg·m^(-3),which were significantly lower than themaximum level for catalyst protection(500μg·m^(-3))andwere 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those inBioMax®15 syngas(2247-4835μg·m^(-3)).Ultrafine particlenumber concentration and PM_(2.5)chemical constituentswere also much lower in the IBR syngas than in theBioMax®*** dilution sampling system enabledreliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations:the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurementat very low concentrations(~1μg·m^(-3)),while theflexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems thatare commonly encountered due to high levels of tars in rawsyngas(~1 g·m^(-3)).

关键词： dilution source sampling syngas characterization biomass gasification ultrafine particles

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Tensile Elastic Behavior of a Zr-Cu-Ag-Al Bulk Metallic Glass

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第6期30卷 595-598页

作者： Q.P.Cao J.B.Jin Q.Yu X.D.Wang D.X.Zhang Y.Jiang J.Z.Jiang international Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM) State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Zhejiang University

Tensile elastic behavior of bulk Zr46（Cu4.5/5.5Ag1/5.5）46Al8 metallic glass was experimentally investigated. It exhibited linear and non-linear time-independent elastic deformation with a demarcative stress of approximately 500 MPa within the timescale in the present work, and repeated loading-unloading before yielding did not alter stress-strain relationship. The pure linear elastic strain limit is 0.6%, significantly lower than 2% as generally reported, but still much higher than 0.1% observed for typical crystalline alloys. Deviation from linear elastic behavior at stresses higher than 500 MPa is explained here as a macroscopic manifestation of local fluctuations in elastic strain, which becomes pronounced at stresses higher than the critical value. The occurrence of non-linear elasticity is possibly also related to the sinusoidal relationship between shear stress and atomic displacement.

关键词： Bulk metallic glass Tension test Elastic-plastic deformation

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Pretest analysis of shake table response of a two-span steel girder bridge incorporating accelerated bridge construction connections

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 169-184页

作者： Elmira SHOUSHTARI MSaiid SAIIDI Ahmad ITANI Mohamed AMOUSTAFA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of NevadaReno NV 89557USA

This paper presents pretest analysis of a shake table test model of a 0.35-scale,two-span,steel plate girder *** objective of pretest analysis was to obtain an insight on the seismic response of the bridge model during the shake table *** bridge included seat type abutments,full-depth precast deck panels,and a two-column bent in which columns were pinned to the footing and integral with *** accelerated bridge construction connections were incorporated in the bridge *** analytical model was developed in OpenSees and was subjected to ten input bi-directional earthquake motions including near-fault and far-field *** overall seismic response of the bridge was satisfactory for all the earthquake records at 100%,150%,and 200%design *** connections and capacity-protected components remained elastic,and the average ductility capacity surpassed the ductility demand even at 200%design *** experimental fragility curves developed for RC bridge columns,it was predicted that there was a probability of 45%that columns would undergo the imminent failure in the last run and a probability of 30%for their failure.

关键词： shake table test accelerated bridge construction steel girder bridge OpenSEES UHPC simple for dead continuous for live

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Solving Strength–Toughness Dilemma in Superhard Transition-Metal Diborides via a Distinct Chemically Tuned Solid Solution Approach

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Research 2023年第3期6卷 473-483页

作者： Xinlei Gu Chang Liu Xinxin Gao Kan Zhang Weitao Zheng Changfeng Chen State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials Department of Materials Science and Key Laboratory of Automobile MaterialsMOEJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China international Center for Computational Methods&Software College of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA

Solid solution strengthening enhances hardness of metals by introducing solute atoms to create local distortions in base crystal lattice,which impedes dislocation motion and plastic deformation,leading to increased strength but reduced ductility and *** sharp contrast,superhard materials comprising covalent bonds exhibit high strength but low toughness via a distinct mechanism dictated by brittle bond deformation,showcasing another prominent scenario of classic strength–toughness tradeoff *** this less explored and understood problem presents a formidable challenge that requires a viable strategy of tuning main load-bearing bonds in these strong but brittle materials to achieve concurrent enhancement of the peak stress and related strain ***,we demonstrate a chemically tuned solid solution approach that simultaneously enhances hardness and toughness of superhard transition-metal diboride Ta_(1−x)Zr_(x)B_(2).This striking phenomenon is achieved by introducing solute atom Zr that has lower electronegativity than solvent atom Ta to reduce the charge depletion on the main load-bearing B–B bonds during indentation,leading to prolonged deformation that gives rise to notably higher strain range and the corresponding peak *** finding highlights the crucial role of properly matched contrasting relative electronegativity of solute and solvent atoms in creating concurrent strengthening and toughening and opens a promising avenue for rational design of enhanced mechanical properties in a large class of transition-metal *** strategy of concurrent strength–toughness optimization via solute-atom-induced chemical tuning of the main load-bearing bonding charge is expected to work in broader classes of materials,such as nitrides and carbides.

关键词： toughness deformation strengthening

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Improving electromechanical output of IPMC by high surface area Pd-Pt electrodes and tailored ionomer membrane thickness

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international Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2014年第2期5卷 99-113页

作者： Viljar Palmre Seong Jun Kim David Pugal Kwang Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada-Las VegasLas VegasNVUSA

In this study,we attempt to improve the electromechanical performance of ionic polymer–metal composites(IPMCs)by developing high surface area Pd-Pt electrodes and tailoring the ionomer membrane *** proper electroless plating techniques,a high dispersion of palladium particles is achieved deep in the ionomer membrane,thereby increasing notably the interfacial surface area of *** membrane thickness is increased using 0.5 and 1 mm thick ionomer *** comparison,IPMCs with the same ionomer membranes,but conventional Pt electrodes,are also prepared and *** electromechanical,mechanoelectrical,electrochemical and mechanical properties of different IPMCs are characterized and *** electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray(SEM-EDS)is used to investigate the distribution of deposited electrode metals in the cross section of Pd-Pt *** experiments demonstrate that IPMCs assembled with millimeter thick ionomer membranes and newly developed Pd-Pt electrodes are superior in mechanoelectrical transduction,and show significantly higher blocking force compared to conventional type of *** blocking forces of more than 0.3 N were measured at 4V DC input,exceeding the force output of typical Nafion®117-based Pt IPMCs more than two orders of *** newly designed Pd-Pt IPMCs can be useful in more demanding applications,e.g.,in biomimetic underwater robotics,where high stress and drag forces are encountered.

关键词： ionic polymer-metal composite IPMC electroactive polymer palladium electrode

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