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Influence of a Liquid Nutritional Supplement on Water Intake in Experimental Beagle Dogs

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2016年第4期6卷 69-74页

作者： Christelle Rotat Estelle Lhoest Anaelle Rauw Marjorie Dequenne Wim Van Kerkhoven Marianne Diez Nutrition Unit Department of Animal Production Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium viyo international nv ijzerenpoortkaai Antwerpen Belgium

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of a liquid nutritional supplement formulated for dogs on water intakes and urine output. A liquid nutritional supplement was tested by way of a cross-over design in 8 experimental healthy Beagle dogs (4 males and 4 females, aged 9.3 years). The supplement (87 percent water, 2.7 percent protein, 2.6 percent fat, 0.4 percent crude fiber) was added to water and tested at 2 incorporation rates (50 or 70 ml/day/dog—D50 or D70) versus the control placebo (CO-water only). The dogs were kept in a controlled environment;water intakes and urine output were measured. Individual water intakes were characterised by large variations. Mean water intake increased significantly by 28 percent in dogs receiving the liquid nutritional supplement, in both genders, irrespectively of the dosage. Urine output was also increased, by 55 percent. Faeces scores remained unchanged. It was concluded that the liquid supplement increased water intake and urine output in a safe way, without increasing dramatically the daily dietary sodium chloride intake. The recommended dosage of the manufacturer—50 ml/day for dogs weighing 10 - 20 kg BW is efficient. Increasing the dosage had no advantage, nor adverse effects. Increased water intake and urine output is of interest for dogs suffering from urolithiasis.

关键词： Dog Water Intake Liquid Supplement Urine Output

Climate chamber investigation of the effect of indoor thermal histories on thermal adaptation in different seasons

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第3期5卷 455-463页

作者： Yuxin Wu Angchen Jiang Hong Liu Baizhan Li Risto Kosonen School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310018China Joint international Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments(Ministry of Education) Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China National Centre for international Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings(Ministry of Science and Technology) Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Department of Mechanical Engineering Aalto UniversityEspoo 02150Finland College of Urban Construction Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China

The indoor thermal history of residents in the hot summer and cold winter climate zone in China have undergone a significant change in recent years,which also changes their seasonal thermal adaptations and this has formed feed-back effects to the increasing usage of air conditioning units in this *** study the seasonal variations of thermal adaptation,the thermal comfort experiments were conducted on two groups of *** groups included 20 participants who had indoor history mainly with natural ventilation(nv group)and air-conditioning(AC group),*** results demonstrated that the thermal sensation vote(TSV)in warm environments did not differ between AC and nv subjects in ***,the TSV of AC subjects were much lower than that of nv subjects in the same standard effective temperature and skin temperature in a cold environment in ***,the participants who spent most of their time in AC space in winter showed a low level of thermal adaptation with a narrower acceptable skin temperature range of 32.6-33.5℃.Thus,this study presents the basic information regarding the seasonal effects on human thermal adaptation due to different long-term indoor thermal histories.

关键词： Skin temperature Thermal experience Thermal comfort Cold acclimation Hot summer and cold winter

Dilution sampling and analysis of particulate matter in biomass-derived syngas

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011年第3期5卷 320-330页

作者： Xiaoliang WANG Curtis ROBBINS S.Kent HOEKMAN Judith C.CHOW John G.WATSON Dennis SCHUETZLE Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute(DRI)RenoNV 89512USA Renewable Energy Institute International(REII)McClellanCA 95652USA

Thermochemical biomass gasification,followedby conversion of the produced syngas to fuels andelectrical power,is a promising energy *** of particulate matter(PM)and othercontaminants in the syngas is important to minimizedamage and ensure efficient operation of the engines itpowers and the fuels created from it.A dilution samplingsystem is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generatedfrom two gasification plants utilizing different biomassfeedstocks:a BioMax®15 Biopower System that uses rawand torrefied woodchips as feedstocks,and an integratedbiorefinery(IBR)that uses rice hulls and woodchips ***_(2.5)mass concentrations in syngas from theIBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8-13.7μg·m^(-3),which were significantly lower than themaximum level for catalyst protection(500μg·m^(-3))andwere 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those inBioMax®15 syngas(2247-4835μg·m^(-3)).Ultrafine particlenumber concentration and PM_(2.5)chemical constituentswere also much lower in the IBR syngas than in theBioMax®*** dilution sampling system enabledreliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations:the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurementat very low concentrations(~1μg·m^(-3)),while theflexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems thatare commonly encountered due to high levels of tars in rawsyngas(~1 g·m^(-3)).

关键词： dilution source sampling syngas characterization biomass gasification ultrafine particles

Spin Evolution of the Magnetar SGR J1935+2154

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 201-211页

作者： Ming-Yu Ge Yuan-Pei Yang Fang-Jun Lu Shi-Qi Zhou Long Ji Shuang-Nan Zhang Bing Zhang Liang Zhang Pei Wang Kejia Lee Weiwei Zhu Jian Li Xian Hou Qiao-Chu Li Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China South-Western Institute For Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Stellar and Interstellar Physics and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Astronomy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Fast radio bursts(FRBs)are short pulses observed in radio frequencies usually originating from cosmological *** discovery of FRB 200428 and its X-ray counterpart from the Galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154suggests that at least some FRBs can be generated by ***,the majority of X-ray bursts from magnetars are not associated with radio *** fact that only in rare cases can an FRB be generated raises the question regarding the special triggering mechanism of *** we report long time spin evolution of SGR J1935+2154 until the end of *** to v and v,the spin evolution of SGR J1935+2154 could be divided into two *** first stage evolves relatively steady evolution until 2020 April *** the burst activity in2020,the spin of SGR J1935+2154 shows strong variations,especially for *** the burst activity in 2022October,a new spin-down glitch with△v/v=(-7.2±0.6)×10^(-6)is detected around MJD 59876,which is the second event in SGR J1935+*** the end,spin frequency and pulse profile do not show variations around the time of FRB 200428 and radio bursts 221014 and 221021,which supply strong clues to constrain the trigger mechanism of FRBs or radio bursts.

关键词： (stars:)pulsars:general (stars:)pulsars:individual(SGR J1935+2154) X-rays:bursts

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Tensile Elastic Behavior of a Zr-Cu-Ag-Al Bulk Metallic Glass

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第6期30卷 595-598页

作者： Q.P.Cao J.B.Jin Q.Yu X.D.Wang D.X.Zhang Y.Jiang J.Z.Jiang international Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM) State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Zhejiang University

Tensile elastic behavior of bulk Zr46（Cu4.5/5.5Ag1/5.5）46Al8 metallic glass was experimentally investigated. It exhibited linear and non-linear time-independent elastic deformation with a demarcative stress of approximately 500 MPa within the timescale in the present work, and repeated loading-unloading before yielding did not alter stress-strain relationship. The pure linear elastic strain limit is 0.6%, significantly lower than 2% as generally reported, but still much higher than 0.1% observed for typical crystalline alloys. Deviation from linear elastic behavior at stresses higher than 500 MPa is explained here as a macroscopic manifestation of local fluctuations in elastic strain, which becomes pronounced at stresses higher than the critical value. The occurrence of non-linear elasticity is possibly also related to the sinusoidal relationship between shear stress and atomic displacement.

关键词： Bulk metallic glass Tension test Elastic-plastic deformation

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Pretest analysis of shake table response of a two-span steel girder bridge incorporating accelerated bridge construction connections

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 169-184页

作者： Elmira SHOUSHTARI MSaiid SAIIDI Ahmad ITANI Mohamed AMOUSTAFA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of NevadaReno NV 89557USA

This paper presents pretest analysis of a shake table test model of a 0.35-scale,two-span,steel plate girder *** objective of pretest analysis was to obtain an insight on the seismic response of the bridge model during the shake table *** bridge included seat type abutments,full-depth precast deck panels,and a two-column bent in which columns were pinned to the footing and integral with *** accelerated bridge construction connections were incorporated in the bridge *** analytical model was developed in OpenSees and was subjected to ten input bi-directional earthquake motions including near-fault and far-field *** overall seismic response of the bridge was satisfactory for all the earthquake records at 100%,150%,and 200%design *** connections and capacity-protected components remained elastic,and the average ductility capacity surpassed the ductility demand even at 200%design *** experimental fragility curves developed for RC bridge columns,it was predicted that there was a probability of 45%that columns would undergo the imminent failure in the last run and a probability of 30%for their failure.

关键词： shake table test accelerated bridge construction steel girder bridge OpenSEES UHPC simple for dead continuous for live

Improving electromechanical output of IPMC by high surface area Pd-Pt electrodes and tailored ionomer membrane thickness

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international Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2014年第2期5卷 99-113页

作者： Viljar Palmre Seong Jun Kim David Pugal Kwang Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada-Las VegasLas VegasNVUSA

In this study,we attempt to improve the electromechanical performance of ionic polymer–metal composites(IPMCs)by developing high surface area Pd-Pt electrodes and tailoring the ionomer membrane *** proper electroless plating techniques,a high dispersion of palladium particles is achieved deep in the ionomer membrane,thereby increasing notably the interfacial surface area of *** membrane thickness is increased using 0.5 and 1 mm thick ionomer *** comparison,IPMCs with the same ionomer membranes,but conventional Pt electrodes,are also prepared and *** electromechanical,mechanoelectrical,electrochemical and mechanical properties of different IPMCs are characterized and *** electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray(SEM-EDS)is used to investigate the distribution of deposited electrode metals in the cross section of Pd-Pt *** experiments demonstrate that IPMCs assembled with millimeter thick ionomer membranes and newly developed Pd-Pt electrodes are superior in mechanoelectrical transduction,and show significantly higher blocking force compared to conventional type of *** blocking forces of more than 0.3 N were measured at 4V DC input,exceeding the force output of typical Nafion®117-based Pt IPMCs more than two orders of *** newly designed Pd-Pt IPMCs can be useful in more demanding applications,e.g.,in biomimetic underwater robotics,where high stress and drag forces are encountered.

关键词： ionic polymer-metal composite IPMC electroactive polymer palladium electrode

Simulation of the diffusion process in composite porous media by random walks

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials international 2005年第12期15卷 1117-1125页

作者： ZHANG Yong Department of Hydrologic Science,Desert Research Institute,Reno,nv 89512,USA Department of Hydrologic Science Desert Research Institute Reno NV 89512 United States

A new random-walk interpolation scheme was developed to simulate solute transport through composite porous media with different porosities as well as different *** significant influences of the abrupt variations of porosity and diffusivity on solute transport were simulated by tracking random walkers through a linear interpolation domain across the heterogeneity *** displacements of the random walkers within the interpolation region were obtained explicitly by establishing the equivalence between the Fokker-Planck equation and the advection-dispersion *** indicate that the random-walk interpolation method can simulate one- and two-dimensional,2nd-order diffusion processes in composite media without local mass conservation *** addition,both the theoretical derivations and the numerical simulations show that the drift and dispersion of particles depend on the type of Markov process selected to reflect the dynamics of random *** the nonlinear Langevin equation is used,the gradient of porosity and the gradient of diffusivity strongly affect the drift displacement of ***,random-walking particles driven by the gradient of porosity, the gradient of diffusivity,and the random diffusion,can imitate the transport of solute under only pure diffusion in composite porous media containing abrupt variations of porosity and diffusivity.

关键词： random-walk diffusion process composite porous media solute transport

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Shallow Shear-Wave Velocities for Las Vegas, Nevada, Using Sediment Type

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第3期20卷 555-562页

作者： Barbara Luke Helena Murvosh Wanda Taylor Jeff Wagoner University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV USA Stanley Consultants Inc. Las Vegas NV USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA USA

A three-dimensional model of near-surface shear-wave velocity in the deep alluvial basin underlying the metropolitan area of Las Vegas, Nevada （USA）, is being developed for earthquake site response projections. The velocity dataset, which includes 230 measurements, is interpolated across the model using depth-dependent correlations of velocity with sediment type. The sediment-type database contains more than 1 400 well and borehole logs. Sediment sequences reported in logs are assigned to one of four units. A characteristic shear-wave velocity profile is developed for each unit by analyzing closely spaced pairs of velocity profiles and well or borehole logs. The resulting velocity model exhibits reasonable values and patterns, although it does not explicitly honor the measured shear-wave velocity profiles. Site response investigations that applied a preliminary version of the velocity model support a two-zone ground-shaking hazard model for the valley. Areas in which clay predominates in the upper 30 m are predicted to have stronger ground motions than the rest of the basin.

关键词： shear-wave velocity earthquake site response site amplification microzonation sediment type.

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