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Herpes B virus:History,zoonotic potential,and public health implications

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第4期4卷 213-219页

作者： Geng Hu Haijun Du Yaning Liu Guizhen Wu Jun Han State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China State Key laboratory of Biosafety of the National Health Commission National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Recently,death from herpes B virus(Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1)infection was reported in China,reminding us to be alert to the risk of transmission and infection with herpes B *** B virus is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause fatal encephalomyelitis in *** virus naturally infects rhesus monkeys,causing diseases like human herpes simplex virus(HSV)infection,which are often asymptomatic or mild in the rhesus ***,herpes B virus infection can be fatal to *** timely treatment,the mortality rate of herpes B virus infection is as high as 70%-80%.To date,approximately 50 cases of human herpes B virus(HBV)infection have been reported *** cases are related to direct contact with macaques,such as scratching,biting,or mucosal contact with monkey body fluids or *** the risk of human-to-human transmission is low,the widespread prevalence of the virus among monkeys,the high mortality of infected persons,and the severe neurological sequelae of survivors render this virus an important zoonotic pathogen that threatens human ***-related training programs for at risk personnel and timely treatment after exposure to the B virus can reduce infection rate and *** early initiation of antiviral therapy prevents severe disease or death after the rapid diagnosis of human B virus *** of risk factors is essential in controlling the spread of the herpes B virus in the population at risk.

关键词： Herpes B virus Infection Prevention Treatment

The viral Load of Epstein-Barr Virus in Blood of Children after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第9期35卷 804-810页

作者： WANG Wen Jun FENG Shun Qiao HE Feng DU Hai Jun FENG Miao WANG Rui Fang MEI Guo Yong LIU Mi LIU Rong YAO Hai Lan HAN Jun State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Department of Hematology Children’s Hospital of Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020China Department of Biochemistry&Immunology Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020China

Objective To detect the Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)viral load of children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)using chip digital PCR(cdPCR).Methods The sensitivity of cdPCR was determined using EBV plasmids and the EBV B95-8 *** specificity of EBV cdPCR was evaluated using the EBV B95-8 strain and other herpesviruses(herpes simplex virus 1,herpes simplex virus 2,varicella zoster virus,human cytomegalovirus,human herpesvirus 6,and human herpesvirus 7).From May 2019 to September 2020,64 serum samples of children following HSCT were *** infection and the viral load of serum samples were detected by *** epidemiological characteristics of EBV infections were analyzed in HSCT *** The limit of detection of EBV cdPCR was 110 copies/mL,and the limit of detection of EBV quantitative PCR was 327 copies/mL for the pUC57-BALF5 *** result of EBV cdPCR was up to 121 copies/mL in the EBV B95-8 strain,and both were more sensitive than that of quantitative *** cdPCR,the incidence of EBV infection was 18.75%in 64 children after *** minimum EBV viral load was 140 copies/mL,and the maximum viral load was 3,209 copies/mL using *** average hospital stay of children with EBV infection(184±91 days)was longer than that of children without EBV infection(125±79 days),P=*** EBV cdPCR had good sensitivity and *** incidence of EBV infection was 18.75%in 64 children after HSCT from May 2019 to September *** cdPCR could therefore be a novel method to detect EBV viral load in children after HSCT.

关键词： Chip digital PCR Epstein-Barr virus Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Quantitative PCR

Analysis of Epstein-Barr viral DNA load, EBV-LMP2 specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and levels of CD4^＋CD25^＋ T ceils in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomas positive for IgA antibody to EBV viral capsid antigen

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第10期122卷 1173-1178页

作者： MO Wu-ning TANG An-zhou ZHOU Ling HUANG Guang-wu WANG Zhan ZENG Yi Laboratory Department First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi 530021 China Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi 530021 China State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100052 China

Background Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） is a herpesvirus commonly associated with several malignant diseases including nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）, which is a common cancer in Southeastern Asia. Previous studies showed that plasma levels of EBV-DNA might be a sensitive and reliable biomarker for the diagnosis, staging and evaluating of therapy for NPC. There are a few analyses of the levels of EBV-latent membrane protein 2 （LMP2）-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes （CTLs） in patients with NPC. This study was conducted to investigate the levels of EBV-LMP2-specific CTLs, EBV-DNA load and the level of CD4^＋CD25^＋T cells in such patients. Methods From February 2006 to April 2006, 62 patients with NPC, 40 healthy virus carriers positive for EBV viral capsid antigen （EBV-IgA-VCA） and 40 controls were enrolled in the study. We used a highly sensitive ELISPOT assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and flow cytometry to measure the EBV-LMP2-specific CTL response, the EBV DNA load and the level of CD4^＋CD25^＋T cells, respectively. Results The EBV-LMP2-specific CTL responses of the samples from the control, healthy virus carriers and patients with NPC were significantly different from the LMP2 epitopes, with the control and healthy virus carrier samples displaying a stronger response in three cases. There were significant differences in EBV DNA load in serum between NPC and the healthy groups; patients with NPC at stages Ⅲ or Ⅳ had significantly higher viral loads compared with those at stages Ⅰ or Ⅱ. A significantly higher percentage of CD4^＋CD25^＋ T lymphocytes were detected in the patients, compared with healthy virus carriers and healthy controls. Moreover, patients with advanced stages of NPC （Ⅲ and Ⅳ） had significantly higher percentages than the patients with early stages （Ⅰ and Ⅱ）. Conclusions Patients with NPC are frequently unable to establish or maintain sufficient immunosurveillance to control proliferating B cells harboring EBV and to destroy the tumor

关键词： nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell immunity Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2 cytotoxic T lymphocyte

Structural changes of a bacteriophage upon DNA packaging and maturation

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Protein & Cell 2020年第5期11卷 374-379页

作者： Wenyuan Chen Hao Xiao Xurong Wang Shuanglin Song Zhen Han Xiaowu Li Fan Yang Li Wang Jingdong Song Hongrong Liu Lingpeng Cheng Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum ControlSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052China Technology Center for Protein Sciences School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Dear Editor,Tailed,double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)bacteriophages,which belong to the order of Caudovirales,have a tail attached to a pentameric vertex of the icosahedral capsid shell(head)through a 12-fold portal(Johnson and Chiu,2007).The phages package genomic dsDNA into a round procapsid using the portal in complex with an ATP-dependent terminase complex as the *** packaging,the procapsid shell expands to a more angular intermediate to match the size of the viral genome(Guo et al.,2014).When the phage head is full,the portal detects internal pressure and conveys a signal from the inner capsid to the exterior,which triggers a sequence of events-the terminase complex cleaving mature DNA genome from a multi-genome concatemer,the release of the terminase complex from the portal,and the attachment of the tail complex-in the completion of phage assembly(Lander et al.,2006;Johnson and Chiu,2007).At the beginning of phage infection,the tail is responsible for receptor recognition,and the portal and tail act as a tunnel for DNA delivery into the host cytoplasm(Johnson and Chiu,2007).These mechanisms of DNA packaging and ejection may also be conserved in many other DNA viruses,including herpesvirus(Wang et al.,2020;Yang et al.,2020).

关键词： attached packaging maturation

MCMV-based vaccine vectors expressing full-length viral proteins provide long-term humoral immune protection upon a single-shot vaccination

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 234-244页

作者： Yeonsu Kim Xiaoyan Zheng Kathrin Eschke M.Zeeshan Chaudhry Federico Bertoglio Adriana Tomić Astrid Krmpotić Markus Hoffmann Yotam Bar-On Julia Boehme Dunja Bruder Thomas Ebensen Linda Brunotte Stephan Ludwig Martin Messerle Carlos Guzman Ofer Mandelboim Michael Hust Stefan Pöhlmann Stipan Jonjić LukaČičin-Šain Department of viral Immunology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research(HZI)BraunschweigGermany Department of Biotechnology Institut für BiochemieBiotechnologie und BioinformatikTechnischen Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany Oxford Vaccine Group University of OxfordOxfordUK Center for Proteomics University of RijekaFaculty of MedicineRijekaCroatia Infection Biology Unit German Primate CenterGöttingenGermany Faculty of Biology and Psychology Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingenGermany Department of Immunology Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael Infection Immunology Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital HygieneHealth Campus ImmunologyInfectiology and InflammationOtto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermanyImmune RegulationHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany Institute of Virology Medical University MünsterMünsterGermany Institute of Virology Hannover Medical School(MHH)HannoverGermany German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF) Hannover-Braunschweig SiteHannoverGermany Centre for Individualized Infection medicine(CiiM) a joint venture of HZI and MHHHannoverGermany

Global pandemics caused by influenza or coronaviruses cause severe disruptions to public health and lead to high morbidity and *** remains a medical need for vaccines against these ***(cytomegalovirus)is aβ-herpesvirus that induces uniquely robust immune responses in which remarkably large populations of antigen-specific CD8+T cells are maintained for a ***,CMV has been proposed and investigated as a novel vaccine vector for expressing antigenic peptides or proteins to elicit protective cellular immune responses against numerous *** generated two recombinant murine CMV(MCMV)vaccine vectors expressing hemagglutinin(HA)of influenza A virus(MCMV^(HA))or the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(MCMV^(S)).A single injection of MCMVs expressing either viral protein induced potent neutralizing antibody responses,which strengthened over ***,MCMV^(HA)-vaccinated mice were protected from illness following challenge with the influenza virus,and we excluded that this protection was due to the effects of memory T ***,we show here that MCMV vectors induce not only long-term cellular immunity but also humoral responses that provide long-term immune protection against clinically relevant respiratory pathogens.

关键词： Vaccine vector SARS-CoV-2 Influenza Cytomegalovirus humoral imunity

A Novel 2-dimensional Multiplex qPCR Assay for Single-Tube Detection of Nine Human herpesviruses

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第4期36卷 746-754页

作者： Yingxue Li Zhenzhou Wan Lulu Zuo Shenwei Li Honglian Liu Yingying Ma Lianqun Zhou Xia Jin Yuye Li Chiyu Zhang Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan UniversityShanghai201508China CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215163China School of Biomedical Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei260026China Medical Laboratory of Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital Taizhou225300China viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit Institut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center Shanghai200335China Department of Dermatology and Venereology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China

Human herpesviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that are classified into nine *** than 90%of adults are ever infected with one or more *** symptoms of infection with different herpesviruses are diverse ranging from mild or asymptomatic infections to deadly diseases such as aggressive lymphomas and *** and accurate detection of herpesvirus infection is critical for clinical management and *** this study,we established a single-tube nonuple qPCR assay for detection of all nine herpesviruses using a 2-D multiplex qPCR method with a house-keeping gene as the internal *** novel assay can detect and distinguish different herpesviruses with 30 to 300 copies per 25µL single-tube reaction,and does not cross-react with 20 other human viruses,including DNA and RNA *** robustness of the novel assay was evaluated using 170 clinical *** novel assay showed a high consistency(100%)with the single qPCR assay for HHVs *** features of simple,rapid,high sensitivity,specificity,and low cost make this assay a high potential to be widely used in clinical diagnosis and patient treatment.

关键词： Human herpesviruses(HHVs) 2-D multiplex qPCR Melting temperature(Tm) Fluorescence probe Melting curve