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The tumor suppressor kinase LKB1:lessons from mouse models

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第6期3卷 330-340页

作者： Saara Ollila Tomi P.Makela Institute of Biotechnology University of HelsinkiViikki BiocenterViikinkaari 9BFIN-00014HelsinkiFinland

Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene LKB1 are important in hereditary Peutz–Jeghers syndrome,as well as in sporadic cancers including lung and cervical ***1 is a kinase-activating kinase,and a number of LKB1-dependent phosphorylation cascades regulate fundamental cellular and organismal processes in at least metabolism,polarity,cytoskeleton organization,and prolifer*** targeting approaches are beginning to demonstrate the relevance and specificity of these signaling pathways in development and homeostasis of multiple *** than one of the pathways also appear to contribute to tumor growth following Lkb1 deficiencies based on a number of mouse tumor ***1-dependent activation of AMPK and subsequent inactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling are implicated in several of the models,and other less well characterized pathways are also *** targeting studies of Lkb1 also point an important role of LKB1 in epithelial–mesenchymal interactions,significantly expanding knowledge on the relevance of LKB1 in human disease.

关键词： LKB1 tumor suppressor mouse model AMPK

Hordedane diterpenoid phytoalexins restrict Fusarium graminearum infection but enhance Bipolaris sorokiniana colonization of barley roots

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1307-1327页

作者： Yaming Liu Dario Esposto Lisa K.Mahdi Andrea Porzel Pauline Stark Hidayat Hussain Anja Scherr-Henning Simon Isfort Ulschan.Bathe Ivan F.Acosta Alga Zuccaro Gerd U.Balcke Alain Tissier Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Institute for Plant Sciences Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences(CEPLAS)Cologne BiocenterUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research CologneGermany Horticultural Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA.

Plant immunity is a multilayered process that includes recognition of patterns or effectors from pathogens to elicit defense *** include the induction of a cocktail of defense metabolites that typically restrict pathogen ***,we investigate the interaction between barley roots and the fungal pathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana(Bs)and Fusarium graminearum(Fg)at the metabolite *** identify hordedanes,a previously undescribed set of labdane-related diterpenoids with antimicrobial properties,as critical players in these *** of barley roots by Bs and Fg elicits hordedane synthesis from a 60o-kb gene *** reconstruction of the biosynthesis pathway in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana produced several hordedanes,including one of the most functionally decorated products 19-β-hydroxy-hordetrienoic acid(19-OH-HTA).Barley mutants in the diterpene synthase genes of this cluster are unable to produce hordedanes but,unexpectedly,show reduced Bs *** contrast,colonization by Fusarium graminearum,another fungal pathogen of barley and wheat,is 4-fold higher in the mutants completely lacking ***,19-OH-HTA enhances both germination and growth of Bs,whereas it inhibits other pathogenic fungi,including *** of microscopy and transcriptomics data suggest that hordedanes delay the necrotrophic phase of *** together,these results show that adapted pathogens such as Bs can subvert plant metabolic defenses to facilitate root colonization.

关键词： barley Hordeum vulgare diterpenoid phytoalexins gene cluster pathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokininiana Fusarium graminearum

Stratification of selected hydrolytic enzyme activities in the sediment in two lakes in Finland

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第2期27卷 250-258页

作者： Mika A.KHKNEN Risto HAKULINEN Department of Food and Environmental Sciences Division of MicrobiologyPOB 56Viikki BiocenterHelsinki UniversityFIN 00014Finland

To investigate the stratification of hydrolytic enzyme activities and importance of subsurface layers in depolymerization of detritus biopolymers,nine hydrolytic enzyme activities involved in the cycling of carbon,phosphorus,nitrogen and sulphur were measured in various sediment layers and their extracts at Kylaniemi in Lake Saimaa in southern Finland and in Lake Ahvenjarvi in northern Finland. The results show that for each lake all nine hydrolytic enzyme activities were higher in all sediment layers than in comparable sediment extracts indicating that the major part of enzymes was bound to the sediment particles in all layers in both ***,P-cellobiosidase,activities did not show any gradient with sediment depth at Kylaniemi in Lake Saimaa indicating that there was rapid turnover of carbohydrates in the entire sediment *** activities of acetate esterase,butyrate esterase,phosphomonoesterase,aminopeptidase,N-acetyl glucosaminidase,sulphatase andβ-glucosidase in the deepest layers were 19-53%of those in the surface sediment indicating that depolymerization of biopolymers involved in the cycling of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and sulphur was substantial in subsurface sediment.

关键词： Detritus Hydrolytic enzyme activities Lake sediment

Two imprinted genes primed by DEMETER in the central cell and activated by WRKY10 in the endosperm

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 855-865页

作者： Ke Yang Yuling Tang Yue Li Wenbin Guo Zhengdao Hu Xuanpeng Wang Frédéric Berger Jing Li College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication Hainan UniversitySanyaHainan 572025China School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Hainan UniversityHaikouHainan 570228China Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory SanyaHainan 572025China Gregor Mendel Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna BioCenter1030 ViennaAustria

The early development of the endosperm is crucial for balancing the allocation of maternal nutrients to *** process is believed to be evolutionarily associated with genomic imprinting,resulting in parentally biased allelic gene *** Fertilization Independent Seed(FIS)genes,the number of imprinted genes involved in early endosperm development and seed size determination remains *** study introduces early endosperm-expressed HAIKU(IKU)downstream Candidate F-box 1(ICF1)and ICF2 as maternally expressed imprinted genes(MEGs)in Arabidopsis *** these genes are also demethylated by DEMETER(DME)in the central cell,their activation differs from the direct DME-mediated activation seen in classical MEGs such as the FIS ***,ICF maternal alleles carry pre-established hypomethylation in their promoters,priming them for activation by the WRKY10 transcription factor in the *** the contrary,paternal alleles are predominantly suppressed by CG ***,we find that ICF genes partially contribute to the small seed size observed in iku *** discovery reveals a two-step regulatory mechanism that highlights the important role of conventional transcription factors in the activation of imprinted genes,which was previously not fully ***,the mechanism provides a new dimension to understand the transcriptional regulation of imprinting in plant reproduction and development.

关键词： Imprinting Epigenetics DNAmethylation Seedsize Endosperm

The challenge of defining rare genetic programs by single-cell RNA sequencing:Insights from phloem studies

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 22-25页

作者： Xiaomin Liu Pawel Roszak YkäHelariutta State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China The Sainsbury Laboratory University of CambridgeCB21TN CambridgeUK Wood Development Group University of Helsinki00100 HelsinkiFinland Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of Helsinki00100 HelsinkiFinland

Single-cell RNA sequencing technology provides unprecedented opportunities to capture the spatiotemporal aspects of genetic programs that drive cell *** is a subtype of vascular tissue that is crucial for transporting sugars,proteins,and other organic *** critical role in the redistribution of carbon between photosynthetically active“source”organs(leaves,shoots)and“sink”tissues/organs incapable of fixing carbon(wood,storage organs,root system,etc.)has made phloem development and its transcriptional regulation a prime research focus.

关键词： organs sugar rare

The super-pangenome of Populus unveils genomic facets for its adaptation and diversification in widespread forest trees

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 725-746页

作者： Tingting Shi Xinxin Zhang Yukang Hou Changfu Jia Xuming Dan Yulin Zhang Yuanzhong Jiang Qiang Lai Jiajun Feng Jianju Feng Tao Ma Jiali Wu Shuyu Liu Lei Zhang Zhiqin Long Liyang Chen Nathaniel R.Street Par K.Ingvarsson Jianquan Liu Tongming Yin Jing Wang Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina College of Horticulture and Forestry Tarim UniversityAlar 843300China Umea Plant Science Centre Department of Plant PhysiologyUmea UniversityUmeaVasterbottenSweden Linnean Centre for Plant Biology Department of Plant BiologyUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden The Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province and Education Department of China Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina

Understanding the underlying mechanisms and links between genome evolution and adaptive innovations stands as a key goal in evolutionary ***,among the world’s most widely distributed and cultivated trees,exhibit extensive phenotypic diversity and environmental *** this study,we present a genus-level super-pangenome comprising 19 Populus genomes,revealing the likely pivotal role of private genes in facilitating local environmental and climate *** the integration of pangenomes with transcriptomes,methylomes,and chromatin accessibility mapping,we unveil that the evolutionary trajectories of pangenes and duplicated genes are closely linked to local genomic landscapes of regulatory and epigenetic architectures,notably CG methylation in gene-body *** comparative genomic analyses have enabled the identification of 142202 structural variants across species that intersect with a significant number of genes and contribute substantially to both phenotypic and adaptive *** have experimentally validated a∼180-bp presence/absence variant affecting the expression of the CUC2 gene,crucial for leaf serration ***,we developed a user-friendly web-based tool encompassing the multi-omics resources associated with the Populus super-pangenome(http://***).Together,the present pioneering super-pangenome resource in forest trees not only aids in the advancement of breeding efforts of this globally important tree genus but also offers valuable insights into potential avenues for comprehending tree biology.

关键词： Populus pangenomes whole-genome duplication structural variation genome evolution

Requirement of a Homolog of Glucosidase Ⅱ β-Subunit for EFR-Mediated Defense Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2010年第4期3卷 740-750页

作者： Nina von Numers Mantas Survila Markku Aalto Martine Batoux Pekka Heino E. Tapio Palva Jing Li Division of Genetics Department of Biosciences Viikki Biocenter University of Helsinki POB 56 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland The Sainsbury laboratory Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH United Kingdom

EFR is a plasma-membrane resident receptor responsible for recognition of microbial elongation factorTu （EF-Tu） and thus triggering plant innate immunity to fend off phytopathogens. Functional EFR must be subject to the endoplasmic reticulum quality control （ERQC） machinery for the correct folding and proper assembly in order to reach its final destination. Genetic studies have demonstrated that ERD2b, a counterpart of the yeast or mammalian HDEL receptor ERD2 for retaining proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum （ER） lumen, is required for EFR function in plants （Li et al., 2009）. In this study, we characterized the Arabidopsis glucosidase Ⅱ β--subunit via the H DEL motif against the non-redundant protein database. Data mining also revealed that the glucosidase Ⅱ β--subunit gene has a highly similar expression pattern to ERD2b and the other known ERQC components involved in EFR biogenesis. Importantly, the T-DNA insertion lines of the glucosidase Ⅱ β-subunit gene showed that EFR-controlled responses were substantially reduced or completely blocked in these mutants. The responses include seedling growth inhibition, induction of marker genes, MAP kinase activation, and callose deposition, trigged by peptide elf18, a full mimic of E F-Tu. Taken together, ourdata indicate a requirement of the glucosidase Ⅱ β-subunitfor EFR function.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana glucosidase Ⅱ β-subunit endoplasmic reticulum quality control EFR innate immunity.

The Synaptonemal Complex of Basal Metazoan Hydra:More Similarities to Vertebrate than Invertebrate Meiosis Model Organisms

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第3期41卷 107-115页

作者： Johanna Fraune Miriam Wiesner Ricardo Benavente Department of Cell and Developmental Biology BiocenterUniversity of Würzburg

The synaptonemal complex （SC） is an evolutionarily well-conserved structure that mediates chromosome synapsis during prophase of the first meiotic division. Although its structure is conserved, the characterized protein components in the current metazoan meiosis model systems （Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Mus musculus） show no sequence homology, challenging the question of a single evolutionary origin of the SC. However, our recent studies revealed the monophyletic origin of the mammalian SC protein components. Many of them being ancient in Metazoa and already present in the cnidarian Hydra. Remarkably, a comparison between different model systems disclosed a great similarity between the SC components of Hydra and mammals while the proteins of the ecdysozoan systems （D. rnelanogaster and C. elegans） differ significantly. In this review, we introduce the basal-branching metazoan species Hydra as a potential novel invertebrate model system for meiosis research and particularly for the investigation of SC evolution, function and assembly. Also, available methods for SC research in Hydra are summarized.

关键词： Meiosis Synaptonemal complex Hydra Evolution

Laboratory rearing of solitary bees and wasps

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 918-923页

作者： Mira C. Becker Alexander Keller Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biocenter University of Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany

Ecological experiments often require standardized methods that exclude natural variation and allow manipulation of a single parameter. It has been shown that domesticated honey bee larvae are raisable in a controlled environment. Here we demonstrate that this approach is also transferable to wild solitary bees and wasps without inducing negative effects on their development. Wells may also be supplemented with the antibiotic substance oxytetracycline to control the presence of bacteria. The method thus provides a useful tool to investigate offspring recruitment and larval development in solitary bees and wasps, plus their responses to manipulation of factors as for example diets, toxins and microbiota.

关键词： diet manipulation ecotoxicology larval ontogeny Osmia bicornis oxytetracycline pathogens